Ngokuchasene nenkolelo eninzi, umzali akanalo igunya lomthetho lokulawula ipropati yento encinane. Umncinci "ongekho mthethweni," oko kuthetha ukuba incinci ayikwazi ukwenza izivumelwano zonyanzeliso okanye enye inxaxheba kwimisebenzi yentengiso kwiyakhe. Ubuninzi beninzi kumazwe amaninzi aneminyaka eyi-18.
Abantwana Abancinci kunye neZakhiwo
Abantwana abancinci beza ngepropati ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo. Abanye bafumana imali yokusebenza. Abanye bafumana izipho ezivela kootatomkhulu kunye namanye amalungu entsapho.
Abanye bafumana ifa. Abanye balimala kwaye banamabango okwenza abanye.
Imali okanye ipropati ingafakwa kwigama lomntwana. Akunjalo ingxaki; Ingxaki kukuba umntwana omncinci akakwazi ukwenza nantoni na. Ukuhoxiswa akunakwenziwa. Utshintsho lwentengiso alukwazi ukwenza. Imali ayikwazi ukusetyenziswa.
Umgcini wezomthetho
Indlela yokuphela kwendlela esemthethweni ifumaneka ukusetyenziswa okanye ukulawula i-asethi yeyona nto yinkqubo yokumisela inkundla yomgcini wezomthetho . Le nkqubo yindleko kwaye inzima. Ukucwangcisa okulungileyo kuya kukuphepha. Inkundla idla ngokumisela umzali, kodwa kungekho njalo. Umgcini oqeshwe yinkundla kufuneka enze ingxelo rhoqo kwintendelezo, acele imvume yokuchitha inqununu, kwaye unegunya elingagunyazisiyo lokugqiba indlela ipropati kufuneka ilawulwe ngayo. Nangona indlela yokufuna ukuqeshwa komgcini wezomthetho ithathwa, ubudala beninzi ePennsylvania buyishumi elinesibhozo (18), kwaye umntwana unamandla ngokupheleleyo phezu kweempahla ezifikelela kuloo minyaka.
Eminye kwi-Legal Guardian
UMthetho wokuTshintshiselwa koTshintsho oluNye kuMasipala (i-UTMA) isenzo esifanayo esifakwe kwaye siphakanyiswe yiNkomfa kaZwelonke yamaKomitjhini kwiMithetho yeSizwe eFanayo. Wonke ummandla, ngaphandle kweSouth Carolina, uye wamkela uguqulelo lomthetho (iNingizimu Carolina inezipho eziMdala eziNyunileyo kuMthetho weNcinci).
Ngaphantsi kwe-UTMA umgcini-mgcini unako ukubamba ipropati yincinci, ukuyityala, kwaye ukuyisebenzisa ukuze inzuzo encinane. Inkundla ayibandakanyi. Umntu udlulisela imali kumagama amancinci umgcini-mgcini. Umsebenzi womncedisi ufana nomphathiswa wengane. Ngaphantsi kwesinye isiqendu somthetho, loo propati inokubanjelwa ide leyo encinci ifumane ubuncinane ubuneminyaka engama-21 (iminyaka emithathu ubude kuneminyaka yobudala).
Ukusebenzisa i-UTMA kunjengoko kulula ukubiza ngokufanelekileyo i-asethi. Akufanele uhambe kummeli. Akukho maxwebhu ahlukeneyo. I-asethi ibhalwe ngokuthi: "UJane Doe njengoMgcini phantsi kweNew York (igama lombuso wakho) u-UTMA ukuze kuzuze uJohn Jones." Umgcini-mgcini nguye umnini-mvume wezomthetho kwaye unokujongana ne-asethi. Umthetho unenkululeko kakhulu malunga neendleko ezinokuthi zenziwe ixesha elide kangangokuba iindleko zingenziwanga ukuzalisekisa uxanduva lomgcini wokuxhasa abantwana bakhe. Umncinci unelungelo lokuhambisa imali kwiimeko ezininzi kwi-21 ubudala.
Ukusasazwa kweeNgxowa
UMthetho oLinganayo uvumela iinqununu, iinkolelo kunye nezikhundla ezixhamliweyo ukuba zibandakanye ukuchaswa kwexesha lokusabalalisa ukuya kuma-25 ubudala. Khangela ngesiluleko ukuba ubone ukuba urhulumente wakho wamkela eli lungiselelo. Ukucacisa iminyaka emva kwexesha elingagqibekanga, kufuneka utshintshe igama lomxholo wokugcinwa kolwimi kwintando, intembelo okanye ifom yefowuni ebizwa ngokuba yi-Adult Smith "njengomgcini weMinor Smith kude kube ngama-25 phantsi kwegama [lombuso wakho] kuMthetho weeMvana. "
Umhla wokulibazisa (age 25) wokusabalalisa awufumaneki ngezipho. Olu tshintsho luya kusasazwa kwi-21 ubudala. Oku kuyimfuneko ukwenzela ukuba izipho kwi-akhawunti ye-UTMA kubantwana ukuba bafaneleke kwi-Code ye-Revenue Code ye-Revenue ye-Revenue ye-Revenue ye-14,000 yezipho zentshisekelo yangoku.
Ixabiso elisebenzayo le-UTMA lininzi. Abazali banokubeka i-akhawunti okanye i-akhawunti yomxhasi phantsi kwe-UTMA, kwaye ke ootatomkhulu kunye noomalume kunye nonina banokwenza izipho kwi-akhawunti (okanye kumzali ukuba afake kwi-akhawunti). Ngenjongo yerhafu yengeniso, i-asethi kwi-akhawunti ye-UTMA ivela kwincinci. I-akhawunti isebenzisa inombolo yokhuseleko loluntu. Yonke ingeniso ihlawulwa kwingxelo ye- 1040 kunye ne-PA-40. Ukutshala imali kwi-low income-investment, yindlela ekhangayo yokulawula le mali.
Imirhumo
Imirhumo iya kufuneka ihlawulwe nayiphi na ingeniso njengoko ifunyenwe ukuba ingeniso ingaphezulu kwexabiso lokuncitshiswa komntwana kunye nesinye isixa esincinci.
Imali engenayo kule mali yokunciphisa abantwana abangaphantsi kweminyaka eyi-14 ihlawuliswa ngomlinganiselo womzali. Le mihla ukubuya kwisitokisi kunzima kakhulu kwicala lokukhula; oko kukuthi, ixabiso lentengo ngalinye liyakhula, ngelixa ixabiso lemali liphantsi. Ixabiso lentengo lihlanganiswa untaxed de i-stock is sold.
I-UTMA inika kwakhona ithuluzi eluncedo kakhulu ekwenzeni izibheno kubantwana. Ugogo angashiya inqabileyo ekuthandweni kwakhe kubazukulu abancinci, ekuthiwa ngumgcini-mgcini wokuba abambelele imali ukuya kwi-21 ubudala. Le ndlela yindlela efanelekileyo neyoqoqosho yokwenza injongo kagogo. Iifisi kufuneka ziqulethe izibonelelo ezigunyazisa ukutyunjwa kwabagcini besikhokelo xa kunokwenzeka ukuba ukuhanjiswa kungenziwa kwincinci. Ukuba le ntando iqulethe iilwimi zokugunyazwa, ukwabiwa ukuya kwi-$ 10,000 (le nombolo iyahluka ngurhulumente) inokwenziwa kumgcini ngumgcini-mthetho, kodwa umqhubi akanako ukusebenzisa i-UTMA ngeemali ezinkulu ngaphandle kokufunwa kwegunya leenkundla ngaphandle kokuba ugunyaziwe kwintando.
IInshshu
Ukuba iinkqubo ze-inshorensi okanye izicwangciso zomhlala-phantsi zibizwa ngokuthi ngabantwana abaxhamli okanye abaxhamliweyo, abaqeshwe ngabaxhamli kufuneka badibanise ukuqeshwa komgcini wokufumana imali phantsi kwe-UTMA. Ngaphandle koko, umgcini oqeshwe yinkundla uya kufuneka ukuba afumane imali kwigama elincinci.