Funda Ngokusebenzisa I-Akhawunti Yokukhusela Yesiko Ukugcina Ikholeji
Abazali nabafundi okwangoku bazalisa ii-FAFSA kunye nokufunda malunga noncedo lwezezimali bangazikhaba ngenxa yokuba bengenaso isicwangciso esingcono sokuhlawula iikholeji. Xa kuziwa kwiindleko zekholeji, ukucwangciswa okuncinane kunokuhamba ngendlela ende.
Kukho iindlela ezinobulumko zokugcina imali kwimfundo yekholeji yengane yakho, nganye leyo inezinzuzo kunye neengxaki zayo. Enye yeendlela eziqhelekileyo ukuvula i-akhawunti yokuphepha, apho abantwana banokufikelela khona xa beba badala, kodwa oku akuyibeki nayiphi na imigaqo-nkqubo yemfundo malunga nendlela imali echithwa ngayo.
I-akhawunti yokugcina i-akhawunti ayikho i-akhawunti yokugcina imali kuphela, kunye nezingane zakho zingasebenzisa imali otyalo-mali nangona kunjalo. Enye indlela yokusebenzisa iGMA okanye i-akhawunti ye-UTMA.
Ziziphi i-akhawunti yeGMA kunye ne-UTMA?
I-UGMA kunye ne-akhawunti ye-UTMA zibhekwa njenge-granddaddy yeakhawunti yokulondoloza ikholeji. I-UGMA (UMthetho WeeNdawo eziMnyama ukuya kuMninimzi) kunye ne-UTMA (Ukutshintshela okufanayo kwi-Minors Act) ayikho enye i-akhawunti yokugcinwa kwetyala, ezisetyenziselwa ukubamba nokukhusela i-asethi kubantwana kuze kube yilapho befikelela kwinani labaninzi kwilizwe labo. Ezi ngxelo zivumela ukuvumela utyalo, uxhonongo, kunye nokuhlawula imali, kodwa kungabikho kwezoqoqosho ezinobungozi obuphezulu ezifana nokukhethwa kwezinto okanye ukuthenga kwimida. Ngenxa yokuba ixabiso libhekwa njengepropati yincinci, inani elithile lemali engenayo mali iya ku-untaxed ngelixa inani elilinganayo lihlawulwa intela yerhafu yengane, endaweni yezinga labazali.
Iingxaki ezingenzeka
Inzuzo efanayo yentlawulo eyenza iakhawunti ezithintekayo ingabangela ukuba bangabonakali.
Emva kwemali yokuqala kwimali engenayo ikhuselwe kwiirhafu eziphezulu, ingeniso engaphezulu ihlawuliswa kwi-bracket yentela yomzali. Esi siphumo asiyi kwenzeka kwisicwangciso seCandelo 529 okanye i-Coverdell ESA.
Ifomathi yeakhawunti ifuna umgcini-mali ukuba anikezele ukulawulwa kwezinto eziphathekayo kumntwana naphi na ukusukela kwiminyaka eyi-18 ukuya kwe-21, kuxhomekeke kwimeko.
Nangona abazali ababa nolwalamano oluhle nomntwana babo banakho ukunyanzelisa loo maxabiso ukuba basebenzise ngokwenene kwikholeji, ubuhlobo obunzima bungabangela ingxaki.
Ziziphi iintlawulo zerhafu?
Wonke umntwana oneminyaka engaphantsi kwe-19 ubudala (okanye i-24 yabafundi bexesha elizeleyo) abafayile njengenxalenye yokubuyiswa kweerhafu zabo zabazali bavunyelwe inani elithile "elingenayo ingeniso" kwinqanaba lentlawulo elincinci. Ngomnyaka we-2016, umzekelo, i-$ 1,050 yokuqala ibonwa njengentlawulo, kwaye i-$ 1,050 elandelayo ihlawuliswa kwi-bracket yomntwana, eyi-10 ekhulwini yerhafu yengeniso. Nantoni na ngaphezu kwale mali ihlawuliswa kwinqanaba labazali, elingaba liphezulu kuma-35 ekhulwini. Oku kuxolelwa ngumntwana, kungekhona nge-akhawunti.
Ziziphi iindleko ezifanelekileyo?
Umncedisi angaqalisa ukuhoxiswa kwinzuzo yomntwana, njengoko nje iindleko zifuna iimfuno ezisemthethweni. Naliphi iindleko ezenzelwe inzuzo yomntwana, ezifana nezindleko zezemfundo zangaphambili, zingahlawulwa kwi-akhawunti yokuphepha, kumbono womgcini. Ngokungafani nezinye iikhompyuthali zokulondoloza iikholeji, nangona kunjalo, ezi ndleko azithethi kwimfundo kwaye zingasetyenziselwa nayiphi na into enxulumene nomntwana. Ngokufanayo, xa ube ngumdala osemthethweni, umntwana unokusebenzisa imali ngaphandle kwemingcele.
Ingaba kukho impembelelo ekuvunyelwene kwemali ye-federal?
Iingxelo zokugcina zibhekwa njengempahla yomntwana kwaye zibalwa ngokumalunga nokuncediswa kwezezimali. Phantse iipesenti ezingama-20 zale asethi ziya kulindeleka ukuba zisetyenziswe ukuxhasa ngemali imfundo yomfundi kunoma yimuphi unyaka.
ImiGaqo
Akukho mida yokunikela. Nangona kunjalo, umntu obeka bucala imali kwelinye lale akhawunti kufuneka aqonde ukuba izipho ezinkulu zichaphazela njani irhafu yesipho sonyaka kunye neentlawulo zerhafu yexesha lokuphila. Ukubonisana nomcebisi wezezimali kunceda.
Iingxowa ezingasetyenziswayo
Naliphina imali engasetshenziswanga kufuneka isasazwe ngelixa umntwana efikelela kwinani labaninzi okanye ubudala obuvunyelwe ukulungiselela i-akhawunti yokukhusela kwimeko yawo. Kwi-akhawunti ye-UGMA ye-classic, oku kubakho ngokuqhelekileyo eneminyaka eyi-18. Kwiingxelo ze-UTMA ezitsha, eli lixesha lidla ngokuba li-21-kodwa linokuthi lide lineminyaka engama-25.
Ngokungafani nezicwangciso zeCandelo 529 kunye ne-Coverdell ye-ESA, akukho nto yokudlulisela i-akhawunti komnye umntwana okanye utshintshe abaxhamli.