Ukuqonda Iingxelo zeNgxowa-mali zeNkcazo kunye noThengi kunye ne-Hold Hold Investors Do So Well
Abanye babhekisela kule ndlela njengentengiso -njengotyalo-mali .
Cinga ngomzekelo ogqithiseleyo: Cinga nje ngowe-Matshi 13, 1986. Imoto entsha esetyenziselwa ukubuyisela i-$ 10,000 ngonyaka. Kodwa endaweni yokuthenga uthe imoto, unquma ukuthenga ibhloko yezabelo kwinkampani entsha ebizwa ngokuba yi-Microsoft. Namhlanje, uza kuhlala kwi-$ 5,526,749, apho i-$ 4,532,922 ifike kwi-stock ehlala kwindawo yakho yebhanki kwaye i-$ 993,827 ivela kwi-check dividend checks ozifakile kwiminyaka.
Yintoni enomdla malunga nezibalo, nangona kunjalo, ngamandla okutshala-mali olulodwa ukunqoba ininzi inhlekelele. Buyela ngo-1986, kuphela ngeli xesha, cinga ukuba ulwahlule i-$ 10,000 kwiingxowa-mali ezahlukeneyo ezili-10 ezili-1 ngamnye. (Namhlanje, oku kuya kuba lula.Uya kuba ngumsebenzi onzima kakhulu emva koko, mhlawumbi ufuna into enjengobudlelwane obunqongophelekileyo bentsapho ukufumana uqoqosho lwezinga.) Ngandlela-thile ulawula ukukwakha iphothifoliyo enye enye, eyingozi, engabonakaliyo abantu abanokuzicingela kunye ne-9 kwi-10 yakho yokubambisa ngokukhawuleza iya kuphazamiseka ngemini emva kokuba uzuze.
Into enobungozi ayizange yenzeke emakethe yemasheya, kodwa siya kwenza njengokuba yenzeke kulo mbonakalo.
Ungayifumana njani? Ngokwemvelaphi, kholwa okanye akunjalo. Namhlanje, uya kuhlala uhlala kwi-$ 552,675 okanye kunjalo, ukumela izinga elixakanyayo kwipotfoliyo yonke kwindawo ethile malunga neepesenti ezingama-14.8.
Enye inqwelomoya ingenza konke ukuphakamisa okunzima. Ingaba yipropati ephambi kwe-Malibu efunyenwe eMalibu kwiminyaka engama-50 edlulileyo okanye izabelo zeCoca-Cola ezathengiwe ngawo-1960, iphothifoliyo eyakhelwe kakuhle inokunyamezela ukulinganiselwa okungaqhelekiyo kokungaphumeleli ngelixa lidala ukubuyiswa okunelisayo. Ukukhusela umngcipheko wokuhlenga isisiseko . Ngethuba nje unokuthi uxhomeke kwaye uphile kwiindawo zokuhamba , ukuchithwa, kunye neentambo zokuthengwa kwempahla , izinto zenzeke ngokumangalisayo.
Ingxaki? Izifundo ezininzi zemfundo kumntu ngamnye otyalo-mali zibonise ukuba abaninzi abantu babengeke babambe iMicrosoft abo malunga phantse namashumi amathathu, kwaye bebengenako ukufaka iMicrosoft kwindawo yokuqala ngokuchasene nolunye u-IPO ngaloo nyaka, konke okwenziwe kakubi kakhulu. Ukuphindwa kabini okanye kathathu ngemali yabo kwaye baye bahamba. Le ngenye yezizathu zezikhombisi-mali eziyiluncedo . Nangona balahlekelwa ukukhula kwangaphambili, okunciphisa ukubuyisela ngokutsha, inkcazo yeengxowa-mali ezicwangcisa abatyala abanamava ukuba bangazihoxisi izinto eziphantsi. Ababoni amashishini athile ahlala phantsi okanye aphezu kwenyanga. Idibaniswa kwisicatshulwa esisodwa sexabiso lexabiso lexabiso, ngokudlula i-quirk yokuziphendukela kwemvelo eyenza abantu abaninzi bakwazi ukulawula imali yabo ngokufanelekileyo.
Le nyaniso yeemathematika iyona sizathu sokuba baninzi abafihlakeleyo abafihlakeleyo emva kokufa kwabo babenokuthenga abathengi-kunye-abathathi-mali, kunokuba bathengise amasheya. Bambalwa abanemali yenkcazo kodwa baphantse bonke, kumntu, baziphatha kakhulu njengemali yenkcazo ngendlela abayifumene ngayo kwaye bahlala kwisigxina sobunikazi. Ukwahlukana komoya kubangela iziphumo eziphezulu kaninzi kunokuba ngaba iphothifoliyo ngokwayo yayine-modicum ye-conservatism. Ngelo xesha, abo bangenaso iimeko. UWarren Buffett uyakuthanda ukubonisa ukuba kukho amaxesha amane ahlukeneyo kwiminyaka engama-50 edlulileyo apho izabelo zaseBerkshire Hathaway zawa ngama-50 ekhulwini. Nangona kunjalo, ngaphezu kwelo xesha, ngenxa yokuba inzuzo yentlawulo yexabiso kunye nenani leencwadi liye landa, izabelo zenyuka ukusuka kuma-7 ukuya kwi-222,250 nganye.
Kwakuyindlela ebomvu, eninzi intlungu. Bangaphi abanini, abangazange baqonde i-GAAP okanye uhlobo lokutyalomali-mali, bathengiswa emva kokubona ukuba i- akhawunti yabo yokuthengisa iyancipha? Yintlekele; irhafu ngokungazi kakuhle kwezoqoqosho.
"Ngokuqinisekileyo, Yoshuwa," utsho. "Kulungile. Kuthekani ukuba umntu engenanto inenhlanhla okanye enezakhono zokufumana iMicrosoft?" Inqaku elifanelekileyo, elikhokelela kwiindaba ezilungileyo ngakumbi: Amashishini amakhulu, ngokukodwa abathandekayo , anokuthwala amanzi amaninzi. Kukho izinto ezintathu omele ukwenze:
- Yamkela ukuba, ngamanye amaxesha, utyalo-mali olude olude lufihliwe ngokucacileyo
- Zithenga kuphela izitokethi ezinemigangatho emithathu ebalulekileyo yekubamba kwexesha elide
- Namathela ezintlanu izihluthulelo zokwakha iphothifoliyo yamasheya amahle
Khawucinge nje ngaloo mini ngo-1986, endaweni yokuthenga iMicrosoft, wanquma ukwahlula iphothifoliyo yakho ibe yimibhobho emibini. Ngenye, ixabisa i-$ 5,000, uqokelela izabelo zintlanu ze- blue chips e-United States; iinkampani wonke umntu owaziyo, enokuba neengqungquthela ezinobungakanani kunye neengxelo zengeniso , eyade ibe yinxalenye yenkcazo, leyo yayingumgama wendlu, kwaye yayiye shishini kwiizukulwana, ukuba ingekho ikhulu leminyaka, kwaye ihlawule igalelo . Siza kukhetha uluhlu olungenangqiqo olusekelwe kwiintsapho zosuku: iMacdonald's Corporation, uJohnson & Johnson, uHershey, Coca-Cola, kunye noClorox. Usebenzisa esinye isiqingatha, ufanele u-$ 5,000, uqikelele kwimichilo ephezulu yengozi ozikhethayo ukuba ucinga ukuba unakho ukuhlawula okukhulu.
Ulahlekelwa ngokukhawuleza loo $ 5,000, intsingiselo ukususela ngosuku olulodwa, uhlezi kwi-50% yokulahleka kwenqununu yenkunkuma. Ngoku, ushiywe ngolo hlobo okuthiwa "inzala enkulu" ebonakala ngathi iphothifoliyo yowamahlwempu eMad Men-time. Uhamba njani? Ngaba la magama anqabileyo, aqhelekileyo athembisa ukungahambi kakuhle kwesini, isibongo okanye amabali eendaba ebusuku? Akunzima!
- I-Hershey = I-$ 1,000 yakho ikhule ibe yi-$ 24,525.92, apho i-20,427,75 yeeRandi yayisisitokethi kwaye i-$ 4,098.17 yayingeniso
- Coke = I-$ 1,000 yakho ikhule ibe ngu-25,562.42, apho i-19,574.04 i-$ 5,988.38 yayisisitoreji kwaye i-$ 5,988.38 yayingeniso-mali
- I-Clorox = I-$ 1,000 yakho ikhule ibe ngama-20,668.60, apho i-$ 16,088.36 i-stock kunye ne-$ 4,580.24 yayingeniso-mali
- UJohnson & Johnson = I-$ 1,000 yakho ikhule ibe ngama-40,088.31, apho i-$ 31,521.17 i-stock and $ 8,567.14 yayingeniso-mali
- UMcDonald's * = I-$ 1,000 yakho ikhule ibe yi-16,092.36 ye-$, eyi-12,944.39 eyi-$ 12,944.39 kwaye i-$ 3,147.97 yayingeniso-mali
- Ixabiso elipheleleyo = I-$ 1,000 yakho ikhule ibe yi-126,937.61, apho i-$ 100,555.71 yayisisitorethi kwaye i-$ 26,381.90 yayingeniso-mali
Nangona ulahlekelwe isiqingatha sepottoliyo yakho ekuqaleni - izinga lokungaphumeleli eliza kukukwenza ube ngumnye wezona zimali ezigqithisileyo; kubi kakhulu, akufanele uvumeleke i-akhawunti ye-brokerage kwakhona njengoko ubuchule bakho bokukhetha bubeka kuwe kwindawo yokuhlaziywa kwezibalo - usalindela i-$ 10,000 yakho ikhupha nge-1,269 ipesenti. Iphothifoliyo yakho yonke ibonwa yizinga elikhulayo lokukhula konyaka we-9.16 ekhulwini. Nangona oko kwenzeka ngokwenene ihafu yesiphothifoliyo yanyuswa ngama-11,8 ekhulwini, kwaye esinye isiqingatha sahamba. Iimitha ze-geometric zenza izinto ezintle. Uwandise imali yakho ngokumangalisayo, ukuba akunjalo ngokuqinisekileyo kweBhayibhile, ubungakanani. Uyenzile ngaphandle kokuphakamisa umnwe okanye ukuphinda uphonononge kwipotfoliyo yakho, ngokungathi uyingxowa-mali; uhleli emva kwakho, ungenzi nto iminyaka engama-29, uvumele ixesha elifanelekileyo lemali lisebenzele wena. Kulungile, oku kuthatha ukuba uchithe i $ 26,381.90 ngemali eyithunyelwe kuwe endleleni. Ukuba ubuye wabuya uhlawulela izabelo , ngokuqinisekileyo, ubuya kuphelisa kakhulu.
Yintoni ekuthathelwa kuyo yonke le nto? Ukutshala imali kulula. Kuthatha iinqununu ezimbalwa izigqibo ezintle, ezilungiswe kakuhle, ukwenza izigqibo ezimbi. Isibalulekileyo kukuvumela ixesha lokuphilisa amanxeba, ukukhetha oko uthengayo, ukungazithengisi nto, ukugxila kwiinkampani zangempela ezithengisa iimveliso zinyani okanye iinkonzo zemali yangempela kunokuba uphuphe amaphupha athembisa ubutyebi bamsinya, uze uhambe nobomi bakho. Ngokomlando, loo recipe iye yavelisa ama-mamilionari angaphezu kweyiphina indlela yokuziphatha. Ukuthengwa kwamasheya kunye nexesha leemarike (ukuzama ukuqikelela ukuba ixabiso lesitokisi liza kuba liphezulu okanye liphantsi esikhathini esizayo) linokwenza ezinye izinto ezithandekayo kodwa azikho apho imali eyinyani, eyomeleleyo yenziwa.
* Qaphela: I-McDonald's count calculates you did not take any share of Chipotle ngexesha lokwahlukana kuka-2006. Ukuba unayo, imbuyekezo yayiya kuphakama kakhulu kwaye yenze enye yezona zinto zihamba phambili kwiipotifoliyo, zibuye ziphindwe kaninzi, inani eliboniswe apha njengethungelwano le-burrito landa ngokubanzi kwi-United States.