Amathuba amahle kakhulu adibanisa amandla, ukulinganisa, nolawulo
Ngokuqhelekileyo, kukho izinto ezintathu omele uzikhange ngaphambi kokuthenga isitokethi ngasinye .
1. Iimpahla ezithengileyo zokuthenga iiNkcazo zeMali eziKhuselekileyo eziKhuselekileyo ekuphumeni kweeMveliso kunye neNkonzo zangempela kubaThengi boBwenene
Isabelo sesitokethi simele ucezu lobunikazi kwishishini. Ngundoqo, oko kukuthi utyalo-mali: Ukuthenga ukulingana kwintengiso evelisayo ukwenzela ukuba unandiphe inzuzo eveliswa ngamashishini. Ngaloo ndlela, iqinile elikhulu, ngokucacileyo, linesiqulatho esiliqilileyo , isitatimenti se ngeniso , kunye nenkcazo yokuhamba kwemali ebonisa ukuba ishishini lenza imali yangempela ngokuthengisa izinto ezibonakalayo okanye iinkonzo; asithemba, kungekhona ukuphuhliswa kwexesha elizayo, kungekhona ibali lokujika. Iyakwazi ukutshintsha i-1-in-600 isivunguvungu sonyaka, njenge-Great Depression.
Emva kwakho konke, akenzi nto eninzi ukuba unomntu onobumba owamakhadi; iphosa kwaye iwa kweyokuqala xa uhlangabezana nanini na uxinzelelo olubanzi lwe-macroeconomic.
Umtyalo-mali olambileyo uBenjamin Graham waphinda wathi kwiimibhalo zakhe ukuba lo mgaqo ungoloko uphazamiswa ngabalimi abanamava. Ikhutshelwe ingqiqo yobuxoki xa kukho amaxesha amnandi, bathenga amashishini amanani amabini kunye nesithathu ngokulinganisela ngokupheleleyo, ngoko babone ukuba bahlukane xa iziphefumlo zobomi zifika.
Iziphepho ziya kuza. Kufuneka uzilungiselele.
Ngaphezulu nangaphaya kweli, ufuna amandla okugcina imali. Ufuna iimveliso ezingatshintshi rhoqo. Ufuna izithintelo zokungena. Ufuna inzuzo yokukhuphisana ngendlela yokukhuselwa kweempawu kunye neelayisensi ze-copyright. Ufuna ukuhlala kwendawo. Ufuna ukuba yiyiphi iWarren Buffett ibize "iinqwelo".
Ngaloo nto, uDkt. Jeremy Siegel kwiSikolo soShishino seWharton wathatha enye yezifundo ezide kakhulu kwiimveliso zeemarike ezilinganayo, ezibonisa ukuba ukunyamekela kubangelwa njalo kunenzuzo ; ukuba izitokhwe ezilungileyo zithenga azinakuze zitshatyalaliso ezitshatyalaliswayo wonke umntu, kodwa kunoko, izinkampani ezinqabileyo, eziluhlaza okweblue ezithengisa izinto ezinjenge-toothpaste, i-deodorant, i-cola, i-bleach, i-chocolate, i-candy, i-cookies, i-jam, ibhotela ibhokhwe, ikhofi, i-ayisikrimu, i-cheeseburgers, i-inshorensi, ii-jet-injini, ucuba kunye notywala.
Ngamanye amazwi, nangona uphumelele kwiproferensi ephezulu, amashishini ashukumisayo anjengoMicrosoft, okwenze ukuba abatyali-mali bawo bacebile ngokumalunga namashumi eminyaka emva kwe-IPO yabo, ininzi yemali ebanjwe ngabanini-shishini ibangelwa yi-prosaic. Akusiyo inkampani ye-tech ekhutshulayo ekhupha izabelo ezitsha, ngumntu ongu-dollar ohlawulele kwiinkampani ezifana nePepsi, okanye intsapho ehlala ithenga amasheya eCoca-Cola, ewadlula phantsi kwizizukulwana, ejika isabelo esinye esabiza iR $ 40 ukuya ngaphezulu i $ 10,000,000 .
Izitokisi ezilungileyo zokuthenga, ukuyibeka ngenye indlela, akuyi kukukwenza ucebile kulo nyaka. Okanye kunyaka ozayo. Okanye kwiminyaka emithathu. Baya kunceda intsapho yakho ibe nemininzi kwiminyaka emininzi, nangamawaka eminyaka, idibanisa amandla angalindelekanga emdlalweni .
2. Iimpahla zokuthengwa kufuneka zifumaneke kwiimilinganiselo eziqiqayo
Khawucinge ukuba unayo i-$ 100,000 yokugcina imali. Unikwe ukhetho. Unokuthenga:
- Icandelo lobunikazi kumthengisi omkhulu kunazo zonke, ngokuqhayisa umvuzo we-2.54% emva kwentela. I shishini, ngelixa liphumelele, likhulu kakhulu liya kuba nexesha elinzima kakhulu ekukhuleni inzuzo ngokukhawuleza njengoko kusekho indawo kuyo yonke idolophana encinci kunye ne-backwoods kwikona.
- Intlawulo ephakamileyo exhaswa ngamandla agunyazisiweyo agunyazisiweyo kaRhulumente waseUnited States, ezinika i-5.49%. Oku kumela u-116% + ngaphezulu inzuzo kuwe, umtyalomali. Nangona ikhuphoni yomdla ayiyi kukhula emva kwexesha, ubophelelo ekugqibeleni luya kukhula kwaye ungayigxotha ingeniso kwenye into. Okwangoku, unako ukutyalo ukuba u-5.49% kwezinye iimpahla ukuba ufuna.
Ngokwenene ngaba abatshali-mali abakhethwa ngu-15 kwiminyaka edlulileyo xa kuthengwa isitoreji kuWal-Mart Stores, Inc. Yilona ncazelo yesikhombi esihle ukuthenga, ukutyhila amawaka angamawaka amaninzi kwiminyaka emininzi ukusuka kwinethiwekhi yezitolo eziza kuthatha iibhiliyoni kwiibhiliyoni zeedola kwiindleko ezinkulu ukuze ziphendule.
Kunyaka ophelileyo, lwakalise ukunyuka kwezabelo ezilandelelanayo zonyaka wama-41 (ngokulandelelana kwe-42 okulindelekileyo nawuphi na umhla), abanikazi abanomvuzo abanemali eninzi. Ngesiseko esicwangcisiweyo sokuhlengahlengiswa, uWal-Mart wahlawula isahlulo se-$ 0.05 ngesabelo ngo-1974. Ngonyaka odlulileyo, eso sabelo sahlawula i $ 1.92.
Oku kubhekisela kwi-10% yezinga lokukhula kwonyaka, ukunyuka kwexabiso lentengo kunye neerhafu. Nangona ezi nzuzo, le nkampani engenakwenzeka yayingeke ibaleke ukuba ixabiso liphambili . Xa abatyali-mali bathatha ukunganangqiqo, ngaba ngaba ngamaxabiso e-stock okanye ama-tulip bulbs, izinto zintlekele zenzeke.
Ukuba ulithenge izabelo kwixabiso elincinciweyo, bekufuneka ube ulinde ixesha elide - iminyaka emininzi, eqinisweni - ukuba loo ngqonge ikhutshwe. Kwi-upshot, kusekho impikiswano yokuba ukufumana impahla ekuthengeni kubaluleke kakhulu ukuba ixesha lakho liphezulu iminyaka eyi-10 +. Kule meko, umthengisi wesaphulelo yinkampani enjalo engaqinisekiyo, ukuba, kunye neengeniso (kwaye ungacingi ukubuyiswa kwakhona ), wagqiba ukudibanisa malunga no-5.8%, ukubetha isibophelelo seNondyebo.
Into efanayo yenzeke kunye nezinto ezithiwa yi-Nifty 50 ezisezantsi kwiminyaka yama-1960. Kwiminyaka elishumi emva koko, umnini wale mabhanki aphezulu kakhulu anelungelo elihle kakhulu lahlekelwa yilahleko ephazamisayo enxulumene neentengiso ezinkulu zeemasheke. Ngaphantsi kweminyaka engama-30, bebethintele i-S & P 500 kunye ne- Dow Jones Industrial Average kunye neentlobo ezininzi zeebhanki ezihamba phambili, ngenxa yokuba iifemu eziseleyo ziyimishini engenakulinganiswa yokwenza imali.
3. Iimpahla ezithengileyo zokuthenga ziyasebenza ngabaSebenzi-Abaphathi abahlobo
Ngaphezulu kweminyaka elishumi eyadlulayo, ndabhala inqaku elibizwa ngokuba ngu- 7 Izimpawu zoLawulo lwabahlobo abaxhasayo . Akukho nto ishintshile ukususela ngelo xesha. Xa ubeka imali yakho komnye umntu, kubalulekile ukuba banomdla wakho entliziyweni. Unokufumana ibhizinisi elona lifanelekileyo, ekuhlaliseni kwexabiso eliphantsi kakhulu, kwaye xa lilawulwa yizigwenxa, kuya kuba nzima ixesha ukuguqulela ubulungisa bakho kwi-real-value yenzuzo yemali ongayigcina, ukuchitha, ukubuyisela, isipho, okanye ukunikela.
Umphathi wezentlalo- mali olambileyo uPeter Lynch wayethetha ukuba abatyalo-mali kufuneka bathenge kuphela amashishini ayenzileyo ukuba nayiphi na idiot ingabaleka ngenxa yokuba kungekudala okanye kamva, enye iya kuyenza. Iindaba ezilungileyo kukuba abatyali-mali bahlala bebekezelela ukuphathwa kakubi ixesha elide kangaka. Amashishini afanelekileyo angakwazi ukumelana nokusetyenziswa kakubi kwezobisi ukwenzela ukuba angakwazi ukuthenga ngokufanelekileyo kwisiteyithi esisebenzisana kakuhle ukuba injini yezoqoqosho iyinxalenye.
Nangona kunjalo, akufanele uyilibale: Iincwadi zeMbali zizele ngeenkampani ezithembekileyo eziye zaholela ekubhubhiseni ngokupheleleyo kubanikazi ngenxa yezigqibo ezingabonakaliyo zokwabiwa kwemali, ukulungiswa kobukhosi, ukulungiswa kwegunya, ukusetyenziswa kakubi kwamandla kunye nezinye izono. Yinyathelisa ngokucophelela ukuba ucinga ukuba ujongene nalabo abangayihloneli umkhulu wakho. Ukuba iPhini likaMongameli lichitha imali engama-6,000 kwiimfumba zegolide okanye i-CEO isebenzisa i-jet yeqela ukuze indiza izinja kwindlu yeholide yentsapho, ibonisa ingxaki ejulile, yokuziphatha.