Ukuzalwa kwe-Dow Jones Ishicilelo seZoshishino
Umlinganiselo weDow Jones Industrial Industrial wadalwa ngumntu ogama linguCharles Dow, omnye wabasunguli beDow Jones & Co., iqumrhu elifanayo elizalela iThe Wall Street Journal .
Umngqangi wakhe wazalwa ngoFebruwari 16, 1885, xa uCharles epapashe umyinge weentsuku ezilishumi elinambini ebezikhethile, ekuqaleni ezazibandakanya iinkampani ezimbini zorhwebo kunye neendlela ezi-10. Kwiminyaka embalwa, wayenweba uluhlu kwiimpahla ezingamashumi amabini.
Kwiminyaka emine kamva, uCharles waqonda ukuba iinkampani zoshishino zikhawuleza ziba zibaluleke ngaphezu kwezitimela. Ulungelelanisa uluhlu lwangaphambili (eWall Street, le nkqubo iyaziwa ngokuthi "ukubuyisela kwakhona") kwaye yabiza kwakhona umyinge weDow Jones Rail (kwiminyaka yee-1970, igama lahlaziywa kwi-Dow Jones Transportation Average to cover the introduction of air and ezinye iindlela zokuthutha). Emva koko wabumba isalathisi esitsha samasheya aquka iinkampani ezilishumi elinambini kwaye wabiza ngokuba yiDow Jones Industrial Average okanye i-DJIA ngokufutshane. Inkqubo yokubala amanani achaziweyo ngala manqaku amasha kwakunye: Wongezelela intengo yempahla yeenkampani ayezikhethile, ezahlula inani leenkampani kwisaziso ngelo xesha, kwaye washicilela umphumo.
Umlinganiselo wokuqala wokuqala weDow Jones Industrial Industrial figure was 40.94. Ngendlela elula, ithetha ukuba intengo yempahla yesibini yabafundi abayishumi elinesibini uMnu Dow ayeyikhethile yayingama-40.94.
Iimpahla zokuqala eziyi-12
Iimpahla ezilishumi elinesibini zokuqala kwi-Dow Jones Industrial Average zihlanganisa phantse ngokupheleleyo iifemu ezisezantsi-mali kwaye zilandelayo:
- I-American Cotton Oil
- American Sugar
- I-American Tobacco
- Chicago Gas
- Ukuphucula izilwanyana kunye nokutya kweenkomo
- Jikelele uMbane
- Laclede Gas
- INtloko yeSizwe
- North America
- Tennessee Coal & Iron
- I-US Leather Pfd.
- Rubber yaseU.S.
Ngelo xesha, ezi zinkulu, zinenzuzo, kwaye iifemu ezihlonitshwayo. Uninzi lwagqitywa ekutshintshweni kwiDow Jones Industrial Average, kodwa ngokutsho koNjingalwazi uJeremy Siegel, umbhali weStocks for the Long Run , bonke bahamba phambili babe nekamva elifanelekileyo kubabelo-mali. I-exception ye-US Leather Corp, leyo uSiegel ichaza yona yachithwa ngawo-1950. "Abanikazi bamasheya bafumana i-1.50 yeeRhafu kunye nesabelo esinye se-Keta i-Oyile neGesi; iqumrhu elifunyenwe ngaphambili. Kodwa ngo-1955, umongameli, uLowell Birrell, owabaleka eBrazil ukuba aphunyuke kumagunya ase-US, wahlutha impahla ye-Keta. Izabelo e-US Leather, leyo ngo-1909 yayiyinkampani eyisixhenxe enkulu kunazo zonke e-United States, yaba yinto engenamsebenzi . "Wacinga ukuba u-Enron wayeyilungiselelo lanamhlanje!
Utshintsho kwixesha
Ngomnyaka we-1916, umyinge weDow Jones waseMashishini wahlaziywa ukuba ufake ii-stocks ezingama-20 (ezaziwa ngokuba "izixhobo"). Ngowe-1928, i-DJIA yanda iifaki ezingama-30, ezisoloko ziba ngumthetho namhlanje.
Abahleli be -Wall Street Journal banqume ukuba zeziphi iinkampani zifakwe kwi-Dow Jones Industrial Average.
Akukho mithetho yokubandakanywa, nje kuphela isethi yezikhokelo ezibanzi ezifuna ezinkulu, ezihloniphekileyo, amabhizinisi amaninzi abonisa inxalenye ebalulekileyo yomsebenzi wezoqoqosho eMelika.
Apho ibeka khona namhlanje
Ngenxa yeengxaki zemboleko kunye ne-" Great Recession " ka-2007-2009, i-Dow Jones Industrial Average yaba neenguqu ezinzulu njengoko iinkampani zahluleka, zadibaniswa, okanye zitshitshiswa kwi-index. Ukususela ngoJuni 2009, ii-components ezingama-30 zeDow zikhoyo:
- 3M Inkampani
- Alcoa
- American Express
- AT & T
- Bank of America
- Boeing
- Caterpillar
- Chevron Corp
- Cisco
- DuPont
- Exxon Mobil Corp.
- Jikelele uMbane
- Hewlett-Packard Co.
- Intel Corporation
- IBM
- Johnson & Johnson
- JP Morgan Chase
- Kraft Foods
- McDonald's
- Merck & Co., Inc.
- IMicrosoft
- Pfizer Inc.
- Coca Cola
- KwiSebe lasekhaya
- Procter & Gamble
- Abahambi
- United Technologies Corporation
- Verizon
- Wal-Mart
- Walt Disney
Iingcamango
Impembelelo ebonakalayo yalesi sibalo kukuba isitokhwe esinamaxabiso angama-$ 100 siza kuba neempembelelo ezintlanu kwi-DJIA njengenye yexabiso lentengo ye-20 (ngokufanelekileyo, kungekhona, kodwa ufumanisa ingcamango), nokuba le nkampani yokugqibela imali yeemarike eziphindwe kabini zikhulu! Yingakho inkampani efana neBerkshire Hathaway, eqhuba rhoqo nge $ 100,000 ngesabelo ngasinye, ayikwazanga ukudibaniswa kwiDow ngaphandle kohlobo oluthile lokuguqulwa kwifomula ngoba liza kubonisa ngokukhawuleza yonke inkcazo.
Le mpazamo yabonakala ngokukhawuleza xa iinkampani zamemezela ukuhlulwa kwempahla kunye nezinye iintengo ezenziweyo eziguqule ixabiso lentengo. Inkampani ekhulayo, ukwenza izabelo zazo zifikeleleke, ziphindwe kabili i-stock yabo evelele ngokuhlula 2-1. Ngaloo ndlela, isitokethi se-$ 80 yayiza ku-$ 40, kodwa kuya kubakho izabelo eziphindwe kabini. Ngaphantsi kokubala kokuqala kwi-Dow Jones Industrial Average, lo tshintsho olungabonakaliyo lwezonyango luya kubangela ukuba i-DJIA iwike nokuba i-stocks yanda ngexabiso!
Ukuhlawulela, umcebisi we-DJIA uhlala eguqulwa kwiimicimbi zenkampani kunye nokuthengiselana. Ibali elifutshane elifutshane, xa kwenzeka isahlulo se- stock , ixabiso le-Dow Jones Industrial Average isabalwa kokubili nangemva kokuhlulwa. Umcebisi we-post-split utshintshwe ukwenzela ukuba utshintsho kwixabiso lesitokhwe lenkampani liphumela ekutshintsheni kwepesenti efanayo kwi-index jikelele ngokungathi ukuhlukana akuzange kwenzeke.
Ngokutsho kweWall Street Journal , umcebisi okhoyo u-0.132319125. Kuthetha ukuba i-$ 1 idlulela kwi-Dow stock iya kubangela ukuhamba kwamanqaku angama-7.56 kwi-Dow Jones Industrial Average.
Ulwakhiwo, abagxeki baphikisana nomsebenzi we-asinine wokungahoyiki ubungakanani bequmrhu, kugxininisa kwixabiso elinguxabiso elingenanto elingatshintshwa ngokuthengwa kwamashishini okanye ukukhutshwa. Kungenxa yoko uya kufumana abaphathi bemali abaqeqeshiweyo endaweni yoko usebenzisa i- S & P 500 , eguqula ixabiso lemalike.