Kukho iindlela ezahlukeneyo onokuthenga ngayo isisithi ukuba ufuna ukufumana izabelo
Kubatyalomali abatsha kunye nabaza-mali-mali, enye yemibuzo eqhelekileyo ibuzwa iquka ukuthenga isitokisi ; i-mechanics yokufumana izandla zakho kuloo nxalenye yobunikazi ekukunikezela kwizabelo ezihanjiswe okanye ezithunyelwe kwiintsapho zakho ukuze unandiphe umdlalo wemali engenayo .
Kukho iindlela ezahlukeneyo zokuthenga isitokethi, ngasinye sinzuzo kunye nokungahleleki, kubandakanywa irhafu kunye neengxaki zokuthengisa . Ezinye iindlela ezikhethiweyo zingakunceda ufumane ukulungiswa ngokubanzi komhlaba, kwaye ube nolwazi olungcono ukwenza izigqibo zokufumana ukulingana.
Ukuthenga I-Stock kwi-Akhawunti yeRhafu yokuThengiswa rhoqo
Ukuba ufuna ukuthenga i-stock ngaphandle kwemithintelo, akukho zintlawulo zerhafu, kwaye akukho mida yenkxaso, indlela elula kakhulu ukuvula i- akhawunti ye-brokerage . Ukukhetha indlu ethile yomrhwerenti kubandakanya izinto ezininzi, njengokuba ufuna umthengisi wenkonzo egcweleyo okanye umthengisi onesaphulelo ongenzi lutho ngaphandle kokuqhuba amashishini akho kwi-rock-price, kodwa ezi ntsuku zilula njengoko uthatha imizuzu emihlanu gcwalisa uluhlu lwemibuzo kwi-intanethi.
Cinga ukuba ufuna ukuvula i-akhawunti kuCharles Schwab & Inkampani, omnye wabathengi abaninzi eMelika. Uya kuzalisa isicelo se-intanethi, unike igama lakho, idilesi, inombolo yokhuseleko loluntu, ulwazi lomsebenzi, kunye nokuxhomekeka malunga nokuba ngaba ufuna ukufaka ikhankaso yemali okanye ilungelo lokuthengisa inketho.
Uya kuthi ke uthumele kwibhalansi encinane ye-akhawunti eyi-$ 1,000 okanye, ngokunye, ubhalisele i-$ 100 ngenyanga ngenyanga i-deposits okanye i-electronic sweeps kwi-akhawunti ye-Schwab.
Emva kokuba i-akhawunti yakho yomthengisi ivuliwe, uza kubona imali egcinwe kwaye imile, elinde ukuba wenze into nayo. Unokungena kwiwebhsayithi, faka uphawu lwekhayibhile lwenkampani ofuna ukuyithenga, faka inani lezabelo ofuna ukuzithenga kwaye uhambise urhwebo ngokuchofoza ambalwa emva kokuba uqinisekisile iinkcukacha. Kwiimeko ezininzi, ngaphakathi kweyesibini okanye ezimbini, ubona isitokisithi esifakwe kwiakhawunti yakho kunye nokukhishwa kwemali. Kwiintsuku ezimbalwa emva koko, uya kufumana i- document confirmation document . Naliphi na inkampani ihlawula isahlulelo, uya kuyibona ngokucacileyo idibansi yakho ye-brokerage. Ukuba inkampani ibe ne -spin-off okanye i-split-off, uya kubona ezo zabelo zifakwa kwi-akhawunti yakho yomrhweba, kunye (umz., I-Chipotle Mexican Grill yahlukana kuMcDonald ngelixa i-Allstate Insurance yayisuswe Sears).
Ukuthenga I-Stock kwi-Roth IRA, i-IRA yeNdabuko, i-SIMPLE IRA, i-SEP-IRA okanye enye i-Akhawunti yomhlala phantsi efanayo.
Kubonakala kwindlela yokujonga i-nut-and-bolts, inkqubo yokuthenga isitofu kwi- Roth IRA okanye nayiphi na inzala yakhe ehambelana nayo iyafana nokuthenga isitoreji kwi-akhawunti yerhafu ehlawulwa rhoqo.
Ukuba i-IRA yakho ibanjwe kwi-firm firm, ulandela inkqubo efanayo. Umehluko uhambelana nendlela iirhafu eziphathwa ngayo kunye nenani lemali emitsha onokuyenza unyaka ngamnye.
Umzekelo, unokwenza igalelo le-5,500 kwi -IRA ye- T xa uneminyaka engama-49 ubudala okanye ubuncinci, kunye ne-6,500 yama-$ ukuba uneminyaka engama-50 ubudala okanye ngaphezulu. Ngethuba nje xa uwela ngaphantsi kwemingcele yokufumana imali kwiminyaka esekelwe kwimeko yakho yomtshato, unokubhala le mivuzo njengokuba awuzange wenze imali. Okwangoku, izabelo kunye nemali eyinzuzo eyimali oyifumanayo ngelixa isetyenzisiweyo kwisitokhwe kwi-IRA yeNdabuko ayinakho ukuhlawulwa irhafu ngokupheleleyo nje kuphela. Xa uhamba ukukrazula imali ngaphandle kwe-akhawunti, uhlawula irhafu yengeniso rhoqo kwixabiso elihoxisiweyo. Ukuba uzama ukurhoxisa imali ngokukhawuleza, uya kuba phantsi kwefayili ye- 10% ngaphandle kokuba udibana nenye yeemviwo ezi-sibhozo.
Ukuthenga I-Stock ngokusebenzisa iSicwangciso soThengiselo sokuThengwa kweNkxaso-mali okanye iSicwangciso sokuThengiswa kwakhona kweSahlulo (aka DRIP)
Kuthekani ukuba awufuni ukuvula i-akhawunti ye-brokerage? Unenhlanhla. Iinkampani ezininzi, ingakumbi izabelo ezinkulu ze- blue , iinkqubo ezixhasayo ezikuvumela ukuba uthenge i-stock ngokuthe ngqo kwi-agent ye-intanethi yokudlulisa inkululeko, okanye ngexabiso elincinciweyo. Khawucinge ngolo suku lwenzala ka-John D. Rockefeller yombuso weoli, Exxon Mobil. Ixhasa isicwangciso esithe ngqo sokuthengwa kwempahla ngokusebenzisa ishishini elibizwa ngokuba yi-Computershare. Ngaba ngaba bengabanikazi abavula i-akhawunti kunye ne-$ 250 okanye bavuma ukuba babe ne-$ 50 ngenyanga emva kokukhangela kwi-akhawunti yokukhangela okanye yokulondoloza banokuthenga isitishi ngaphandle kwikhomishini. Kulungile, icebo livumela ukuthengwa kwempahla yecandelo elincinci ukwenzela ukuba yonke ipenki enye ifakwe kusebenzele wena, umtyalomali, nangona ungenayo imali efanelekileyo ukufumana isabelo esipheleleyo kunaliphi na ixesha.
Xa usebenzisa i-intanethi, ungatshela i-arhente yokudlulisa ukuba ufuna iifidi zakho ezihambelana ngqo kwi-akhawunti yakho yokutshekisha okanye yokulondoloza okanye ukubuyiswa kwizabelo ezongezelelweyo zesitokisi. Cinga ngokucophelela. Nangona kungekho mpendulo echanekileyo okanye engalunganga - konke kuxhomekeka kwiimeko zakho zezemali kunye nokusebenza okulandelayo kwesitoko ngokwawo - kukho umda omkhulu phakathi kokubuyisela kwakhona kwaye ungabuyi ukuhlawulela izabelo zakho kwixesha elide ukuba unenhlanhla ngokwaneleyo ukuba ufumane ukufumana ibhizinisi elivelele ngokwenene.
Ukuthenga I-Stock ngokusebenzisa iSicwangciso seNtengo yokuThengwa kwabasebenzi
Enye yeenzuzo ezinkulu ezinganakunakunyulwa kwiinkampani zaseMelika, ezininzi iinkampani zivumela abasebenzi ukuba babe ngumnini wefayili kwizaphulelo ezikhangayo, ngokuphindaphindiweyo ukuphakama kwe-15% kwixabiso lemarike ye-stock, ngokusebenzisa iinkqubo ezaziwa ngokuba yi- Employee Stock Purchase Plans . Enyanisweni, uphando oluthile lwemfundo lubonisa ukuba umqeshwa oqhelekileyo unika phakathi kwe-$ 4,000 kunye ne-5,000 ngemali yemali ngonyaka ngokungayisebenzisi i-ESPP enelungelo lokujoyina.
Kwiimeko ezininzi, kufuneka uhlele kwiSebe lezakhono zoluntu kwaye ucele ifom yobhaliso. Uxelela inkampani ubunjani bakho bokuhlawula okufunwayo ukuze uzuze izabelo. Isixa ngasinye sokuhlawula, inxalenye yemali onokuyifumana yona, endaweni yoko, isetyenziselwa ukuthenga isitya kwixabiso elincinci kunokuba ungayihlawula ngeshishini lokuthengisa ngemali (umz., Kwinkampani ene-15% isaphulelo, isitokethi se-$ 100 thengiswa kuwe nge-$ 85, ekunikezela nge-$ 15 yenzuzo).
Ukuthenga I-Stock ngokusebenzisa i-Mutual Fund
Ukuba awufuni ukukhetha amasheya, kodwa ufuna ukufumana amasheya kungakhathaliseki ukuba, ukubethelwa kwakho kweyona nto ibhekene nentlawulo ; mhlawumbi i -index index cost-fund . Ngamafutshane, ubhala isheke okanye unomlinganiselo wokuqala owenziwe kwi-akhawunti yakho yasebhanki ukuze imali yakho ihlanganiswe nabanye abatyala-mali. Abaphathi bezezimali basebenzise imali yokuphuma kwaye bathenge amasheya egameni lakho, bebambelele kwipotfoliyo ephakathi, edibeneyo, ngokwahlula ngokwabelo. Ukongeza kwikhomishini, enokufuneka uyihlawule, uhlawule ngokukhawuleza isabelo sakho seendleko ze-mali, esibonakaliswe njengesiqingatha seendleko zomhlala-mali .
Makhe sicinge ukuba ufuna ukuthenga i-S & P 500 yengxowa-mali. Uza kuvula i-akhawunti ngokukhawuleza kunye nenkampani yokuxhaswa ngemali okanye unokuba ne-stockbroker yakho uthenge izabelo nge-akhawunti yakho ye-brokerage, owokugqibela onokukuhlawulisa ikhomishini kwizabelo kodwa inkampani yenkxaso-mali ayikho kwimali yangaphakathi. Le ngxowa-mali inika imali yabanini-zimali kwisitokethi esekelwe kwinto eyaziwa njenge- capital market . Iimpahla eziphezulu ezili-10, njengeqela, zithola i-17.8% yemali yakho.
Nanini na xa uthengela izabelo ezongezelelweyo zeengxowa-mali zakho ngokuthumela isheke esitsha okanye ukutshintshwa kwekhompyutheni eyenziwe kwi-akhawunti yakho yasebhanki, kunye nalapho unika imali ngokubambisana (okwenziweyo ngeentengo ezinkulu kunye negalelo kwiimeko ezininzi) ngokutsha ngokutsha imali, uthengisa ngokuthe ngqo ngqo amasheya. Izabelo oziphetheyo ezinkampani ezinkulu zizonke zinyani njengokuba uzibambe ngqo kwi-akhawunti yakho ye-brokerage, kukho umlamli ongowomthetho phakathi kwakho onika uqoqosho lwezinga kunye nohlobo lweentlobo .
Ukuthenga I-Stock ngokusebenzisa i-401 (k) icebo
Ngaphandle kokuba une- 401 yokuzilawula (k) kwiqumrhu lokuthengisa umthengi, ngokuqinisekileyo kuya kufuneka ukhethe kwi-slate yemali ekhethiweyo ekhethiweyo ngumqeshi wakho, ukuba uthengise ngokungathe ngqo ngokungathi ungathengi imali yakho. Isebe loluntu linokukunceda ukuba usethe iakhawunti yakho, fumana isabelo sakho semali ehambelanayo ehlawulwayo okanye engayi kunikwa, kwaye uqiniseke ukuba iminikelo yabelwe kwiimali ocinga ukuba zifaneleke ngokufanelekileyo iimfuno zakho.
I-401 ehloniphekileyo (k) iiplani ziya kunika ubuncinane i-stock fund, imali encinci ye-stock fund kunye ne-stock fund yemali efunwa ngamazwe (angewona ase-US) ahlawula iindleko kwiimali ezininzi. Ukuba i-401 (k) isicwangciso sakho sinikezela ngeVanguard Total International Stock Index Fund, ngohlobo lomzekeliso, iimpahla ezili-10 eziphezulu ziza kumela i-8.3% yeempahla zakho kwaye zibandakanya iNestle eSwitzerland, iRoyal Dutch Shell e-United Kingdom, i-Novartis eSwitzerland, URoche Uhlala eSwitzerland, i-HSBC e-United Kingdom, i-Toyota Motor eJapan, i-Samsung Electronics eSouth Korea, i-BHP Billiton e-Australia, iBP e-United Kingdom kunye neBayer eJamani. Xa ukhethe le ngxowa-mali kwi-401 (k) imiyalelo yokwabiwa, uthengisa amasheya kuzo zonke ezo shishini kwaye ke ezinye.
Ukuthenga I-Stock kwiNkampani yamazwe ngamazwe
Kuthiwani ukuba ungumtyalomali eUnited States ofuna ukuthenga izabelo zeenkampani ezikuloo ndawo ngaphandle kwelizwe? Kukho iindlela ezimbalwa ezahlukeneyo zokwenza oku, phantse zonke ezo ziya kuhamba nge-akhawunti yakho yomrhwebi.
- Ukuba isitokhwe sangaphandle sinezihlomelo kwi-stock exchange yaseMelika ezifana neNew York Stock Exchange, ungathenga izabelo ngokuthi ufake uphawu lwekhayibhile njengoko unokwenza enye ibhizinisi lasekhaya. I-Diageo PLC yaseBrithani enkulu kakhulu, umzekelo, i-trade mark under symbol mark DEO e-United States.
- Ukuba isitoko samazwe angaphandle afumana amaRiphabliki aseMerika kunye neAffers of Depository Shares eziye zadalwa, unokuzithenga ezi eUnited States ngokusebenzisa isimboli se-ADS. Esi sihloko esiyinkimbinkimbi esingafuna inkcazo ecacileyo kwaye mhlawumbi asifanelekanga kuba abatyali-mali abatsha banikezelwa ingozi yemali ebandakanyekayo kunye neentlawulo zokungabikho kwamanye amazwe ezingahlawulwa. Umzekelo uza kuba yi-Nestle, owenza amashishini eepinki e-United States phantsi kwesimboli se-NSRGY. Leyo ngokwenene iyimali yecandelo lokuthembela elithatha i-share Nestle ngokwaseZurich, eSwitzerland, ngokubambisana ngokufanelekileyo kunye neCitibank yabanini-zimali baseMelika.
- Unokuvula uluhlobo olukhethekileyo lwe-akhawunti yomrhwebi owanikezela ngamashishini athengisa umhlaba jikelele. Abaninzi abathengi abaninzi banalo le nkonzo. I-akhawunti yokurhweba yehlabathi iya kubamba izilinganiso ezininzi zeemali kunye nezabelo zesitoko ezathengiweyo ngqo kwiimarike zamasheya angaphandle kodwa ziya kuba neendleko ezininzi kunye neekomishoni ngezinye iinkqubo ezisebenza ngokuphakamileyo njengoko iiligidi ezili-dollar kunye nokuthengwa okuncinci ngokuqhelekileyo kusekwe kumawaka amawaka e-American equals idola ngorhwebo.
- Unako ukukhetha ukuthenga i-fund yemali ephathekayo ejolise kwiimpahla ezinjengehlabathi elichazwe ngaphambili kwi-401 (k) icandelo le nqaku.
Iingcamango ezimbalwa zokuvala malunga nendlela yokuthenga i-Stock
Kukho iindlela ezimbalwa zokuthenga isitokhwe, kubandakanywa ukuseka ubambiswano lwentsapho ngento efana nenkampani ejongene nokunyanzela okanye ukufumana umntu onayo izabelo, uxoxisana ngokuthe ngqo, kwaye udlulisele isitoko phakathi kwakho, ngokugqithisa ukuthengisana kwempahla (nakuba kukho akukho phantsi ngaphantsi apho umntu oqhelekileyo, ongekho ulawulo-mali oza kufumanisa kuyimfuneko ukwenza into enjalo ngaphandle kokuba atshintshe izabelo zesitokisi kumntwana, umzukulwana, okanye indlalifa ngexabiso elincinciweyo kwiirhafu ezahlukeneyo kunye nelifa ezigqithise ngakumbi kule ngxoxo). Ukulungele ukuba uthethi, ukuba uthenga njani i-stock yakho ingaba nemiphumo emininzi kwiingeniso zakho ezantsi, kodwa kwiimeko ezininzi, uza kwenza phantse yonke into oyithengayo ngokusebenzisa i-stockbroker, inkampani ye-fund, okanye umqeshi isicwangciso somhlala-phantsi esixhaswe ngolu hlobo njengama-401 (k) okanye 403 (b) .
Iyona nkalo ebalulekileyo ekuphumeleleni kukufumana iinkampani ezilungileyo, eziphezulu, ukuhlawula ixabiso elifanelekileyo (okanye ukuba awukwazi ukwenza loo nto, iindleko zedola yeendleko), kwaye wenze ntoni intsapho ecebileyo ngokujonga i-portfolio. Oku kuya kukuvumela ukuba ungaphepheli kuphela iindleko zokuxhatshazwa kodwa usebenzise i- asethi yeerhafu ezikhethiweyo kwezinye iimeko, ezingakongeza iipesenti zeepesenti kwizinga lakho lokuxuba. Oko kuthetha yonke imali eyongezelelweyo ngaphezu kwamashumi eminyaka.