Ukujonga ukungafani phakathi kweeNkcazo eziMandla kunye neziNgcaciso
Iimali ezixhaswe nge -Exchange (ETFs) zenze kube lula kunanini ngaphambili ukuthenga nokuthengisa ii-indexes ezilawulwa ngokungapheliyo kunye nenani elikhulayo labatyalo-mali liqala ukubuza ukusebenza kweemali ezilawulwa ngokuzimeleyo. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, abaninzi abaphathi abakhutheleyo bagxininisa ukuba izicwangciso zabo zinokukunceda ukunciphisa umngcipheko wepotfolio kwaye zingabangela ukubuyiswa okuphezulu, ezo zombini zinokuphucula ukubuyiswa kwezilungiso ezilungele umngcipheko.
Into ebaluleke kakhulu kubatyali-zimali ukugqiba phakathi kweemali ezichanekileyo kunye neengcambu zengeniso-mali ezilungelelaniswe ngengozi ngokuthelekiswa nenkcazo yokulinganisa. Ngenkcazo, iimali zeemali zentengiso yemali ngokubuyisela imali kwi-basketball ebanzi yeempahla kodwa abaphathi bezimali abanomsebenzi kufuneka bafumane iindlela zokukhupha i-market okanye ukunciphisa umngcipheko ngembuyekezo efanayo ukuze bafezekise ukusebenza kakuhle.
Ngethuba elifanayo, utyalo-mali lwamazwe ngamazwe lunokuba namathuba amaninzi kubaphathi beengxowa-mali ezikhuselekileyo ukwenzela ukuvelisa iindleko ezilungelelaniso ezingaphezulu.
Imiba yoLwazi lweNgingqi
Utyalo-mali lwamazwe ngamazwe luyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu kunokuba utyalo-mali lwangaphakathi, kunye nokuhlanganiswa kwezingozi zezopolitiko, ukuthengiswa kwemali kunye nemali . Ezi zinto zinokudala ukungaphumeleli kwamashishini athile ngaphandle kweemarike zasekhaya. Abaphathi abasebenzayo bangakwazi ukuqhuba iphothifoliyo ukuzisebenzisa ngokunxulumene nokungabikho kobuchule ngokubeka ezi ngcipheko ukwenzela ukunciphisa iingozi zephothifoliyo kunye nokuphucula ukubuyiswa kwayo okulungelelaniso lwengozi.
Ngokomzekelo, cinga ukuba umtyalo-mali unokukhetha phakathi kwe- ETF yelizwe efaka imali ngokubanzi kwiiklasi ze-asethi okanye i-fund ephathwayo ngokugxininisa kweli lizwe. Umphathi wezikhwama angaqaphela ukuba abapolitiko beli lizwe bafuna ukuhlaziya iimpahla zezoshishino zamandla kwaye banqume ukuthengisa ezo ntengiso ukuze kuncitshiswe ingozi.
Ngokuthelekiswa, inkcazo yeengxowa-mali iya kunyanzelwa ukuba iqhubeke iphethe ezo zinto kwaye ibeka umngcipheko wokubuyiselwa komhlaba.
Abaphathi abasebenzayo ngolwazi lwengingqi banokukunceda ukuqikelela ezi ntlobo zengozi ezingcono kunomtyalo-mali. Ezi nzuzo zinokuba nzima nakwiimarike zembambano kunye neemarike ezikhulayo apho iingozi ezingenakuqinisekiswa kwaye ukuhlawuleka kwexabiso kungaphantsi. Nangona i-hypothesis yeemarike esebenzayo ingabamba eUnited States, ukungabikho kootyali-mali abanolwazi kunokwenza ezinye iimarike zingasebenzi kakuhle, ezidala amathuba kubaphathi abasebenza.
Indlela yokuNika izandla
Iimali ezincinci zicinga ukuba iimarike zisebenza kakuhle kwaye zijolise ekunciphiseni iimpembelelo ezilawulwayo kwiimbuyekezo ezipheleleyo-njengemirhumo kunye nemali . Ngamanye amazwi, bacinga ukuba ukuba ishishini lamandla lisengozini yokwenza isizwe, abatyali-mali babebe benciphise ukulinganiswa kwezi nkampani ukuxela ingozi. Oku kuthethwa ukuba yimeko, ngaba kutheni abaphathi abachaphazelekayo banakho ukukhupha i-indekmark indexes each year.
Kwimzekelo yangaphambili, kungenzeka ukuba imarike isele iyancishise amaxabiso eenkampani zamandla phambi kokuba umphathi-mali osebenzayo unciphise ukuhlutha.
Ingxowa-mali engabonakaliyo inokuba yenze i-fund esebenzayo kwimeko leyo, ekubeni i-fund esebenzayo yenze iimali ezithengiweyo kunye kunye nokuhlawulwa kwexabiso eliphezulu. Le mali ekhuselekileyo iyakhusela i-psychology yesihlwele kunye nezinye iingozi ezingabangela abaphathi abachaphazelekayo ukuba benze izigqibo ezingafanelekanga.
Ngokwe-scorecard ye-S & P Indices Versus Active (i-SPIVA), i-87% yeenkunzi ezinkulu zeengxowa-mali zabaphathi bezikolo zigqithise i-S & P 500 ingongoma ngaphezu kweminyaka emi-5 ekhokelela ku-2015 kwaye i-82% yahluleka ukubuyisela iindleko ezingaphezulu kwi-10 ukuya phambili . Okwangoku, isilinganiso somyinge weendleko zemali elawulwa ngokuzimeleyo yayingu-1.23% xa kuthelekiswa ne-0.91% kuphela yeengxowa-mali eziphathekayo, ezinokuba nefuthe elikhulu kwiimbuyekezo ezipheleleyo.
Ukukhetha phakathi kwabo
Uninzi lwabatyalomali lungcono kunye neengxowa-mali ezilawulwe ngokungapheliyo, kuba baya kuqonda ukubuyiswa kweemarike ngokuncinci.
Oku kuthetha ukuba abatyali-mali abaninzi kufuneka bafune i-ETF okanye i-ANDFs ezincinci kunye neendleko eziphantsi.
Xa bejonga kwiimali ezikhuselekileyo, abatyali-mali kufuneka bahlalutye ngokucophelela abaphathi abasebenzayo phambi kokuba batyalwe. I-alpha engcono phezu komhlaba ingavela kwisigqibo esilungileyo malunga nokubeka uphawu - ukwenza kube lula ukubetha-okanye ukuthatha ingozi eyingozi. Kwakhona kubalulekile ukuba kujonge iindleko ezihlawulwa ngabaphathi bezimali ukuze ziqinisekise ukuba akukona ukuphakanyiswa kwembuyekezo xa kuthelekiswa nengxowa-mali.