IThekhnoloji, iiMali, abaThengi abaThengi, abaThengi baseThengi, iiNkonzo kunye neMpilo
Eli phepha lokuqala libandakanya amashishini axhatshazelwa ngabathengi kunye nokukhusela iTeknoloji, iiMali, abaThengi baThengi, iiStaples, abathengi kunye noKhathalelo lwezeMpilo.
ZeNgxowa-mali zeNkcazo
Icandelo letheknoloji yinkalo yezitokhwe eziqukethe ishishini lobugcisa, njengabavelisi abavelisa i-computer hardware, isofthiwe yekhompyutha okanye iikhompyutheni kunye neenkampani zoshishino zeteknoloji, njengalezo zinika iteknoloji yolwazi kunye nokucwangciswa kwedatha yezoshishino. Iminye imizekelo yeenkampani zeteknoloji ziquka i-Apple, iMicrosoft, Google kunye neNetscape Communications.
Ubutyebi bezobuchwepheshe buqhelaniswe nokutyalomali kwe-stock investment okanye ngenjongo yokutsaliswa kwezoqoqosho .
Ukufumana iimali zeteknoloji ezona zilungileyo kunye ne-ETF zingabunzima kwaye zilahlekise. Umzekelo, kuyiphutha eliqhelekileyo ukucinga ngePowershares QQQ ETF njengengxowa-tekhnolo ecocekileyo ngoba ilandele iN Index ye-NASDAQ 100.
Oku kunokuqwalaselwa njengesicwangciso socwangciso lotyalo-mali olusulungekileyo kodwa ii-QQQ kwiibhnoloji zimele kuphela malunga ne-50% yepotfoliyo.
Kwakhona, ezininzi iimali zecandelo letheknoloji zijolise kwicandelo elincinci letheknoloji, njengeekhomputer, ukuxhumela amanethiwekhi, abaqhubi be-semi-conductor okanye i-electronics. Nangona kunjalo, kukulungele ukuba abatshali-mali abaninzi basebenzise i-fund ye-teknoloji ehlukeneyo.
Imali ebambe ubuncinane ubuncinane bee-teknoloji ze-90% (njengale mibhalo), enye yeyona mali efanelekileyo yecandelo le-Fidelity Select Technology (FSPTX) kunye nenye ye-teknoloji ye-ETF iyona ndlela i-iShares US Technology ETF (IYW).
Icandelo leenkonzo zezezimali (aka "zezimali") ziquka iibhanki, iinkampani zekhadi lesikweletu, iinkampani zomshuwalense kunye namafayili omrhweba. Imizekelo ibandakanya iBhanki yaseMelika, i-Wells Fargo, iGoldman Sachs kunye neMetLife. Isisiseko, iimali zentengo zihamba phambili kwizinga eliphantsi lomlinganiselo wezemali xa iinkonzo zezezimali, ezifana nemali-mboleko, iimali-mboleko kunye notyalo-mali, zifunwa.
Kukho iingxowa-mali ezingaphezu kwe-100 kunye ne-ETF ezijolise kwiimali kodwa enye yeyona nkcazo yemali yecandelo lezemali yi-Vanguard Financial Index Index (VFAIX) kunye ne-ETF yezona zilungileyo zi-iShares US Financial Services (IYF).
Iimali zeeNkcazo zeeNkcitho zabathengi
Iimpahla ezithengiweyo zabathengi okanye iinkonzo zizo ezo zingabonwa njengimfuneko. Kwakhona kuthiwa yizinto zokuzonwabisa okanye izinto ezinokuqonda kunye neenkonzo, ukusetyenziswa kwazo kuxhomekeke kwimigangatho yezoqoqosho, ngoko ke igama lomthengi.
Ngokomzekelo, ngamaxesha okukhula kwezoqoqosho ukuthengiswa kwezinto zokuzonwabisa okanye iinkonzo, ukuhlulwa ngokubanzi njengendlela ehlalayo okanye engapheliyo, njengemoto kunye ne-hardware (ezizinzileyo) okanye ukuzizonwabisa kunye neehotele (ezingapheliyo), ngokuqhelekileyo ziphezulu kunamaxesha ukunyuka kwezomnotho, xa kuphela iindleko zabathengi eziphambili zihlala zifunwa.
Ngokucacileyo, abathengi bachitha ngaphezulu kwizinto zokunethezeka (ezingezizo iimfuneko) xa amaxesha amnandi kwaye angaphantsi kwezi zinto xa amaxesha anzima.
Njengoko kunamacandelo amaninzi ahlawula iCandelo laBathengi beeNkcazo linamacandelo amaninzi. Ngokomzekelo umtyalo-mali angathenga izabelo zenkxaso-mali ethile yecandelo lezentengiselwano eligxininisa kuphela kwimveliso yezimoto. Nangona kunjalo abatshali-mali abaninzi banobulumko ukuba bafumaneke ngokubanzi kumacandelo ngokukhetha ulwahlulo lweengxowa-mali kunye ne-ETFs .
Omnye wabathengi abangcono kakhulu Inkcazo yecandelo lenkcazo yemali ngu-Vanguard Consumer Index Index (VCDAX) kunye nenye yezona zinto zihamba phambili ze-ETFs i-SPDR S & P Retail (SRT).
IiNgxowa zeziThengi zeeNtengiso
Isithambathiso sabathengi ziimveliso, ezifana nokutya, ucuba kunye nokusela, ukuba abathengi bacinga ukuba kubalulekile ukuhlala kwansuku zonke. Ngoko ke iifaki zeenkampani ezivelisa iimveliso ezinjalo kuthiwa "zikhuselekile" okanye "ezingezo-cyclical" iimpahla ngenxa yokuba abathengi abanqweneli ukuyeka nokuthenga iimveliso nakwixesha lokunciphisa umnotho.
Imimiselo yeenkampani zentengo zabathengi zibandakanya i-General Mills, Inc (ukutya), uFilipu-Morris, Inc (iteksi) kunye neCoca-Cola Co (iziyobisi).
Abathengi bezitshixo zabathengi babhekwa njengamasitokisi avikelayo ngenxa yokuba bathambekele ekugcineni ukuzinza kwexabiso kwixabiso lemarike kunabanye amasheya, njengempahla yokukhula. Ngokomzekelo, ngexesha lokunciphisa imali, abathengi basasafuna iziqu, ezifana nokutya kunye nobisi, nokuba banokwandisa ukusetyenziswa kwezinto ezibizwa ngokuthi "i-stock stock" kwimveliso, njengotshwala kunye notywala. Ngokwazi oku, abatyali-mali abaninzi baya kuthenga izitokisi ezikhuselayo xa bakholelwa ukuba ukuhlaselwa kwemali kungenzeka ukuba kwenzeke ngexesha elifutshane.
Indlela efanelekileyo yokufumana utyalo olubanzi kwiCandelo loTywala lwaBathengi kunye neentlobo ezahlukeneyo kunye neendleko eziphantsi zeengxowa-mali okanye i-ETF. Enye yezona zinto zithengileyo zengxowamali zabathengi nge-Vanguard Staples Index (VCSAX) kunye ne-ETF ezilungileyo zi-Consumer Staples Khetha Icandelo le-SPDR (XLP).
IiNkonzo zeeNgxowa zeeNgxowa
Inkonzo yimiqathango yezoqoqosho ezibhekiselele ekunokwaneliseni iimfuno okanye ezifunayo; ichaza ukusetyenziswa kwezinto ezilungileyo okanye iinkonzo. Ngenxa yoko, iinkampani ezivelisa kakuhle okanye inkonzo enika umsebenzisi kubasebenzisi zihlelwe phantsi kwecandelo lezoshishino lweeNkonzo.
Uqhelile uqhelane nezinto ezisetyenziswayo kwimpilo yakho yemihla ngemihla kwaye unokuthi udibanise nekota kunye ne "zakho zetyala zesevisi," eziya kuhlawula iinkonzo zansuku zonke, kubandakanywa izibonelelo zesevisi, ezifana nefowuni, igesi, amanzi kunye nombane.
Ngokubhekiselele ekutyaleni imali, kwaye ngokubhekiselele kwi- Morningstar , "Ii-portfolio ze-Utilities zifuna ukuxabisa ngokukhululekileyo ngokutyalomali ngokukodwa kwiibhanki zamashishini ase-US okanye ezingekho phantsi kwe-US kubandakanywa nabanikezeli benkonzo yombane, igesi kunye nababonelela ngefoni." Ngendlela elula, iimali zesebenzayo ziinkxaso-mali zecandelo elenza imali kwiisitokethi zeenkampani ngaphakathi kwicandelo leenkonzo.
Izitokisi zesebenzi nazo zibhekwa njengezikhuselo ezikhuselayo kuba zivame ukugcina ukuzinza kwexabiso lentengo kwiimarike ezantsi kunezinye izitokisi, ezifana nezitokhwe zokukhula . Ngokomzekelo, ngexesha lokunciphisa imali, abathengi basasafuna iinkonzo, ezifana negesi, ifowuni kunye nombane. Ngokwazi oku, abatyali-mali abaninzi baya kuthenga izitokisi ezikhuselayo xa bakholelwa ukuba ukuhlaselwa kwemali kungenzeka ukuba kwenzeke ngexesha elifutshane.
Njengokuba kunamacandelo amaninzi kumashishini, kukho amacandelo amacandelo kwinqanaba elisebenzayo. Ngokomzekelo, ukuba umtyalo-mali wayefuna ukugxininisa kwiinkampani zeefowuni, ezifana neVerizon kunye no-Comcast, banokuqwalasela ingxowa-mali efanayo njengoFidelity Telecom kunye nezixhobo zokusebenza (FIUIX). Nangona kunjalo iikharityhulam zecandelo sele zigciniwe kwaye amacandelo amacandelo angancinci kakhulu kwaye yingozi kakhulu. Ngoko kubulumko ukuba abatshali-mali abaninzi bathathe inzuzo kwiintlobo ezahlukeneyo kunye neendleko eziphantsi zeengxowa-mali okanye i-ETF, njenge-Utilities Select Sector SPDR (XLU).
Izitokisi zesebenzi nazo ziyaziwa ngokuba zihlawula iintlawulo. Ngoko ukuba ukhangele ukongeza isahlulo semali yomxhaso kwipotifoliyo yakho ngenzuzo, ungacinga ukufaka i-fund sector sector fund.
Unonophelo lwempilo, owaziwa njengempilo okanye i-specialty-health, isigqeba sokutshala imali esigxile kwiinkampani zonyango. Icandelo lezempilo libanzi. Nangona umntu ongekho namava-mali angacinga ngendawo ethile yoshishino lwempilo, njengama-conglomerate esibhedlele, iinkonzo zesikhungo, iinkampani zomshuwalense, iinkampani zonyango, iinkampani ezinobomi, okanye abenzi bezinto zonyango. Imizekelo ibandakanya iPfizer, i-United-Healthcare, iCigna Corp, i-Abbott Laboratories kunye ne-HCA Holdings, Inc.
Indlela efanelekileyo yokufumana ukutyhalela ngokubanzi kwishishini lononophelo lwempilo kukusetyenziswa kwenkxaso-mali yezempilo, njengeVanguard Health Care (VGHCX) okanye i-T. Rowe Price Health Sciences (PRHSX).
Abatyalomali bangasebenzisa iimali zezempilo njengesixhobo sokudibanisa iphothifoliyo enkulu yamashishini. Iimpahla ezinobungozi zempilo zivame ukubhekwa njengama-stocks "ngokuzikhusela" ngenxa yokulungelelaniswa kwawo okuphantsi kweefowuni zengqolowa-mali, ezifana ne- S & P 500 Index Fund , ukuba abatyali-mali abaninzi basebenzise njengezibambiso eziphambili kwipotfoliyo. Xa amashishini amaninzi akwenza kakubi ngenxa yeemeko zezoqoqosho ezimbi, i-shishini lempilo linokuqhuba kakuhle ngenxa yokuba abantu basadingeka babone ugqirha baze bathenge iziyobisi zabo, kungakhathaliseki ukuba ziimeko zezoqoqosho.
Ukunyamekelwa kwempilo kuye kwaba kwimbambano yeengxoxo zezopolitiko kwaye kwahlula amaninzi kwimbali yakutshanje kuba iindleko kunye nokufikeleleka kweenkonzo zempilo zinomdla kunye nezihloko zabanye abavoti. Umthetho weCongressal unokuthi uphumelele okanye uphumelele kakubi kumacandelo amacandelo enkonzo. Kwakhona, ukuphela kweelayisensi zamachiza kwiimveliso zonyango ezisetyenziswa ngokubanzi kunokuchaphazela kakubi umenzi weziyobisi okanye, ngokukodwa, imvume ye-FDA yesiphumo esiphuthumayo ingaba nefuthe elihle. Umzekelo wamva nje wefuthe lezopolitiko kwimpahla yeeMpilo nguMthetho woNonophelo ongenakunqwenelekayo, owaziwa ngokuba yi-Obamacare, udluliselwe yiNgqungquthela ngexesha lolawulo luka-Obama. Ezinye izitokisi zithuthukile, ezifana neenkampani zesibhedlele ngelixa abanye benqatshelwe, njengabanikezeli bomshuwalense. Nangona kunjalo, umphumo wonke wemveliso kwiziko lempilo ebanzi yayincinci. Oku kuthetha ukuhlakanipha kokwahlukana kweengxowa-mali, imali ye-index kunye nee-ETs ezibonelela ngokubanzi kwi-shishini lempilo.
Ukujonga kumacandelo okanye kumazwe e-ETF .
Olu luhlu lwesibini lwephepha lwamacandelo lubandakanya indawo efana neyohlukeneyo yezinyithi ezixabisekileyo, igolide, iimveliso, ubutyebi bemvelo kunye namandla. Ukumgangatho omhle, eli phepha likwabandakanya icandelo lokuthutha kunye nezimali ezijongene noluntu.
Uninzi lweemali ezidibeneyo kwiCandelo leMetals eliyigugu lugxininise kakhulu kwiimpahla zeenkampani zezimayini. Nangona kunjalo, abanye banabo abancinci begolide, isilivere, ithusi okanye i-platinum, ngokuqhelekileyo ngendlela yemali ye-bullion.
Iinkampani ezinqwenelekayo-zinyithi zihlala ngokuseMntla Melika, e-Australia okanye eMzantsi Afrika.
Abanye abatyali-mali bathetha ukuthenga izitye ezixabisekileyo, ezifana negolide, isilivere, iplatinum kunye nobhedu, ngendlela ebonakalayo yemali ye-bullion. Abanye bakhetha ukuthenga izabelo zeempahla zeenkampani zezimayini okanye iimali ezihlangeneyo, ii-ETF kunye ne-ETNs.
Iimveliso ezixabisekileyo-iipotfoliyo zentsimbi zityalomali kwizinto ezinqabileyo ezifana negolide, isilivere, ithusi, iplatinum kunye ne-palladium. Utyalo-mali luyakwenziwa ngokuthe ngqo kwiimpahla eziphathekayo okanye izixhobo ezithintekayo zokuthengiswa kwempahla. Ngokuqhelekileyo, abatyali-mali bafumana ukugqithisa kakhulu kwiitye ezixabisekileyo kukungaphantsi kwecandelo lezinto ezixabisekileyo zerhwebo ezixabisekileyo ze-Exchange-Traded Funds (ETFs).
Abatyalomali basinako nathi ama-Exchange-Traded Notes (ETNs). Kubalulekile ukuba uqaphele ukuba ii-ETN zixhobo zetyala, njengezibophelelo ezingatyala imali nayiphi na impahla. Nangona idibaniswe nokusebenza kwetyala lokumaketha, i-ETN ayinayo imali okanye i-index index; badibanisa iimpawu zeebhanki kunye ne-Exchange Traded Funds (ETFs).
Iindlela eziqhelekileyo zokuthenga igolide mhlawumbi kwiinhlamvu zemali zegolide okanye nge-Exchange Traded Fund (ETF) njenge-bullion Exchange Shared Shares (GLD). Iimali zengxowa-mali zibeka imali encinci kwixabiso legolide. Ngokuqhelekileyo ibekwe njenge "Iimpawu ezixabisekileyo," iifowuni ze-gold communally holdings stocks of companies.
Iimali ezimbalwa zezona zinto zihamba phambili zegolide, ngokubhekiselele ekusebenzeni kwexesha elide, ukugcinwa kwemenenja emide kunye nomyinge wexabiso eliphantsi kweendleko ziquka iTocqueville Gold (TGLDX) kunye neGabelli Gold Load-Waived (GLDAX.LW).
Ukuba ufuna ukuhamba ngokukhawuleza kwesilivere, uya kusebenzisa i-Silver Exchange Traded Fund (ETF), njengeShares Silver Trust (SLV). Abatyalomali banokusebenzisa i-Exchange Traded Note (ETN), njenge-UBS E-TRACS CMCI TR Silver kunye ne-ETN (i-USV), njengenye indlela. Nangona kunjalo, kubalulekile ukuba uqaphele ukuba ii-ETN zixhobo zetyala, njengezibophelelo ezingatyala imali nayiphi na impahla. Nangona idibaniswe nokusebenza kwetyala lokumaketha, i-ETN ayinayo imali okanye i-index index; badibanisa iimpawu zeebhanki kunye ne- Exchange Traded Funds (ETFs) .
Ukuba ufuna ukuhamba ngokuthe ngqo kubhedu, uya kusebenzisa uhlobo lwe-Exchange Traded Note (ETN), njenge-iPath DJ-UBS I-Copper I-Return Return Sub-Index ETN (JJC).
Ukuba ufuna i-platinum ngokuthe ngqo, uza kusebenzisa uhlobo lwe-Exchange Traded Note (ETN), njenge-UBS E-TRACS i-Long Platinum I-Total Return Return ETN (PTM).
Utyalo lwabaTyalo-mali kunye neNqaku: Iimali ezixabisekileyo zeMetroals ziindawo ezizodwa ezingafaniyo kwaye kufuneka zisetyenziswe ngemali encinci. Ngokomzekelo, unokuzama ukunciphisa ukukhutshwa kwepesenti ye-5% (kodwa akukho ngaphaya kwe-10%) yepotfolio yakho yonke.
Uninzi lweemali zengxowa-mali aluyikubamba iplatinum njengempahla ebonakalayo. Abatyalomali banokufumana ngokuthe ngqo ngqo kwi-platinum kwimali yokubambisana ngokubambisa iimali ezixabisekileyo zempahla, ezifana neVanguard Precious Metals & Mining (VGPMX) kunye ne-USAA Precious Metals & Minerals (USAGX) kodwa ezi ziza kubakho kwiinkampani zegolide kunye neyegolide ezimbiweyo iiplatinum kunye neenkampani zeemigodi zeemigodi.
Ixabiso lempahla elungileyo okanye inkonzo ngaphandle kokuhlukana kobuchule obubonelela ngesiseko semfuno zabathengi. Ngamazwi ahlukeneyo, iimveliso zingena kwiifom ezahlukeneyo okanye iintlobo kodwa iimpahla nganye ngaphakathi kwiklasi ethile okanye iqela alifani ngokuthe ngqo kunezinye izinto ezikuloo nkalo okanye iqela elithile.
Ngokomzekelo, cinga ngempahla, ushukela. Kuyinto entle yezoqoqosho ezobanika iimfuno zeemarike zabathengi; ithengisa kakuhle.
Nangona kunjalo, kumthengi, akukho ntlukwano yokwenene yokwakheka kwegama ukuya kutshintshi: Ushukela ushukela. Ngako oko umboleki uya kufumana iswekile esezantsi kakhulu, esoloko ivela ngendlela yohlobo oluthile. Ezinye iimveliso zentengiso ziquka ioli engcolileyo, amalahle, ingqolowa, itiye, irayisi, igolide, isilivere kunye neplatinum.
Umzekelo wenkonzo njengempahla yintengiso yentsholongwane yexesha. Ngezinye izinto zilingana, njengexesha kwiiminyaka kunye nobuchule obuhambelana nenkampani yomshuwalense, abathengi ngokubanzi baya kufuna ixabiso elisezantsi kwiimarike. Ngamagama ahlukeneyo, kukho ababoneleli ngabanini-nshurensi banikela nge-inshorensi yobomi bexesha kwaye akukho mfahluko ocacileyo phakathi kwemigqaliselo yomthengi kwaye ngoko ke "ukhetho oluhle" luya kuba yinto ephantsi kwexabiso.
Ukutshala imali kwixabiso elilodwa, ngokukodwa kwimilinganiselo ephezulu, kuyingozi, ukuthetha okungenani. Ngokomzekelo wakutshanje, cinga ngokutyalomali kwigolide ngo-2012, kwinqanaba lokuthandwa kakhulu. Awunakukwazi ukufunda okanye ukuhlawula nayiphi na indlela yemidiya yezobukhulu ngaphandle kokubona okanye ukuva i-adversi ukuthenga nokutyalwa kwegolide . Imizi yabantu yayiya kumaqela egolide, apho yayingathengisa khona iingubo zabo zegolide ezingasetyenziswa.
Ukuba wawunenhlanhla ngokwaneleyo ukuthenga kwi-hype yegolide, kufuphi neyona nto yakutshanje ngo-Oktobha ka-2012, bekuza kuthatha iinyanga ezili-8 ukulahlekelwa malunga ne-30% yexabiso layo. Yaye lahleko yecandelo elinesithathu kwixabiso lalo xesha kwakukho i- S & P 500 Iimali zeeNkcazo eziphezulu zibuyisele ngaphezulu kwe-20%. Le yindleko yexesha elilahlekileyo ye-50%! Ouch!
Imithombo yendalo yinkcazo ebanzi kwiimveliso ezixhomekeke kumveliso ezinjengamandla, amakhemikhali, amaminerali kunye nemveliso yehlathi e-US okanye ngaphandle kwe-US Mutual fund kunye neefotfoliyo ze-ETF, ezaziwa ngokuba njengezicwangciso zecandelo , ziya kufakwa imali kwiindawo ezikhethiweyo ukubamba kule mimandla ukunika abatyali-mali ithuba lokubambisa ngokubanzi kwimithombo yendalo. Ezinye iiphothifoliyo zinokugxininisa kakhulu okanye kumashishini athile ngaphakathi kwinqanaba lemithombo yendalo.
Ukuze kubonwe ngokubanzi, abatyali-mali bayabulumko ukuba bacinge ngemali ebeyi-index. Ngokomzekelo, indlela efanelekileyo yokutshala imali kwimithombo yobutyebi baseMelika nguShares North American Resources Resources ETF (IGE) kunye nokukhutshwa kwamazwe ngamazwe, iShares S & P Global Materials ETF (MXI).
I-Vanguard ne-Fidelity inikezela ngeengxelo zemali eziphathekayo, ezifana neVanguard Materials Index (VMIAX) kunye ne-Fidelity Select Materials (FSDPX).
Icandelo lamandla libandakanya onke amashishini abandakanyekayo ekuveliseni nasekuhambiseni amandla, kuquka iinkampani zeoli, iinkampani zombane, umoya kunye namandla asebusuku, kunye nezoshishino zamalahle. Imizekelo yamashishini yamandla afaka phakathi i-Exxon Mobil, i-Haliburton, kunye neNkampani yeNamandla aseMzantsi-western.
Njengoko uyazi ngoku ngoku ukufunda eli nqaku, xa utyalo-mali kumacandelo, kuqikelele ukusebenzisa i-index index okanye i-ETF ukufumana utyalo olubanzi kumashishini ahlukeneyo kwicandelo. Kukho imali emininzi yokukhetha kuyo kodwa enye yeengxelo zecandelo elincomekayo lamandla elingu-Vanguard Energy Index (VENAX) kunye nenye ye-ETF efanelekileyo yi-Energy Select ye-Sector SPDR (XLE).
Icandelo lokuthutha liqukethe iinkampani ezichaphazelekayo ekuthuthweni kwempahla okanye abantu. Imizekelo jikelele iquka imizila yeendlela, iinkampani zorhwebo kunye nabathwali beomoya. Isitokhwe sezothutho sithintela kwicandelo lamandla , ngokukodwa ukuvelisa amaxabiso. Icandelo linokuthi libe yikhombisi yezoqoqosho ekhokelayo kuba inika izikhokelo malunga nobungakanani kunye nemfuno yempahla ehanjiswa yiinkampani zokuthutha kubathengi. Le ngcamango ingundoqo kwiDow Theory .
Kukho iimali ezimbalwa kunye kunye nee-ETs ezibonelela ngokubanzi kwiinkampani zokuthutha kodwa enye yezona zinto zihamba phambili ziyi-Fidelity Select Transport (FSRFX) kunye ne-ETF yezona ndlela zihamba phambili zihamba nge-iShares Transportation Average (IYT).
Utyalo-mali olujongene noluntu (SRI)
Iimali zengxowa-mali enoxanduva loluntu (SRI) aziqhelwanga ngokwenene njengecandelo lezoshishino kodwa zididi olukhethekileyo lokutyalomali olufumana ukuthandwa. I-SRI enye inzululwazi yesicwangciso- mali kunye nesicwangciso-qhinga sifuna ukukhuthaza ukuziphatha okuxanduva, kubandakanye nalawo axhasa ukuziphatha okufanelekileyo kwendalo, amalungelo abantu, imibono yenkolo okanye oko kubonwa ukuba yimisebenzi yokuziphatha (okanye ukuphepha into ebonwa ukuba yinto yokuziphatha ngorhulumente we-SRI, njengotywala, iteksi, ukugembula, izibhamu, ubudlelwane bezempi, okanye uonografi).
Intshukumo ye-SRI inokulandelela iingcambu zayo ukuya kuma-1700 xa uJohn Wesley wasungula iMethodism (iSonto leMethodist) kunye nentshumayelo yakhe ethi "Ukusetyenziswa Kwemali," eyakha i-do-injury to your neighbor through the practices of social utyalo.
Enye yezona ndlela ezifanelekileyo zokufikelela kutyalo-mali lwe-SRI zixhaswa ngemali . Iimali ze-SRI nazo zibizwa ngokuba yimali yoluntu kwaye zikhusela iimveliso ze "alcohol" kunye nocuba. Ezinye izibonelo ezivelele ziquka i-Parnassus Workplace (PARWX) kunye neAccount Conservative Allocation (CCLAX).
Ngokwezimali zeParnassus, nakhu isicwangciso sotyalo se-PARWX:
I-Fund yeParnassus Workplace Fund iyinxalenye ehlukeneyo, ebalulekileyo, i-US, enkulu-cap, i-fund equity fund. I-Fund inika imali ngokuthe ngqo kwii-securities-equity equity securities ezinkampani ezinkulu ezinkulu. Iinkampani ezineendawo zokusebenza eziqhelekileyo ziyakwazi ukufumana abasebenzi kunye nokugcina abasebenzi abangcono, kwaye zenzele kumgangatho ophakamileyo kunabakhuphiswano ngokwemiqathango emitsha, ukuvelisa, ukunyaniseka kwamakhasimende kunye nokuzuza. I-Fund nayo ithatha iimeko zokusingqongileyo, ezentlalo kunye nezolawulo ngokubhekiselele ekuthatheni izigqibo zotyalo-mali.
Ngokutsho kweCalvert, nakhu isicwangciso sotyalo se-CCLAX:
INgxowa "yingxowa yemali." I-Fund ifuna ukufezekisa injongo yayo yotyalo ngokutyalomali kwi-portfoliyo ye-Calvert engaphantsi kweengeniso-mali, ukulingana kunye nemali yemarike yemali ehlangabezana neendlela zokutshala imali zeFund, kubandakanywa nemali yezimali, ukuzinza nokujongana noxanduva loluntu.
Njengegama lokugqibela lokulumkisa malunga nokutyalomali ngamacandelo: Qiniseka ukuba ubeka ingqikithi yakho yecandelo ngalinye kwicandelo elincinci lomrhumo wakho wonke kwaye usebenzise iimali zohlukeneyo, kungekhona kwixesha lemarike . Ukutshala ngokuchanekileyo kwimali yecandelo okanye ii-ETF, unokulandela ulawulo lwama-5 ekhulwini lolwabiwo-mali , olucebisa ukubeka ngaphezulu kwe-5% kwipotfoliyo yakho yokutshala imali kwi-stock eyodwa okanye kwicandelo elijoliswe kuyo.
Ukuziphendulela: Ulwazi olukule ndawo lunikezelwa ngeenjongo zengxoxo kuphela, kwaye akufanele lichazwe ngokungeniswa njengeengcebiso zotyalo-mali. Ngaphandle kweemeko ngaba le nkcazelo ibonisa isincomo sokuthenga okanye ukuthengisa iziqinisekiso.