Isiseko sokuSungula ukuKwakha iPortfolio yeMual Funds
Ingxowa-mali enye ininzi kangakanani? Impendulo emfutshane kukuba, "Kuya kuxhomekeka." Izinto zokuqwalasela ziquka uhlobo lotyalo-mali, injongo yotyalo-mali-mali-mali, kunye nokunyamezela komtyalo-mali. Kodwa ulawulo lweepesenti ezingama-5 ngumgaqo oqingqiweyo wokutsalathisa iintlobo ezithile zotyalo-mali ezinokusebenza kubatyalo-mali abaninzi.
Ngaphambi kokuba uchaze iipesenti ezingama-5 zilawula ngaphezulu, makhe siqale sichaze imigaqo embalwa yokutshala imali ofuna ukuyazi ngokukwakha iphothifoliyo yemali .
Iinkcazo zeMigqaliselo yoKwakha iPortfolio ye-Mutual Funds
Xa ukwakhiwa kwipotfoliyo yemali ephakathi, uya kufuna ukugcina ingqalelo iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zeempahla kunye neentlobo ezahlukeneyo zemali. Oku kuya kunceda ekuqaliseni ubuninzi bee-asethi okanye uhlobo oluthile lweengxowa-mali zokubambisa kwi-portfolio yakho.
Nazi izinto ezisisiseko zokwazi:
- Iklasi ye-Asset : I-asethi yinto ephethe okanye eyakwaziyo ukuba ngumnini. Imizekelo ibandakanya imali yemali (imali), amasheya, iibhondi, igolide kunye nepropati yangempela. Iiklasi ze-Asset, ngokubhekiselele kutyalo-mali, ziintlobo ezintathu ezisisiseko ze-asethi: amasheya, amabhondi kunye nemali.
- Ulwabiwo lwe-Asset: Ulwabiwo lwe- asethi lubonisa indlela i-asethi yezolimo-mali ezahlula ngayo iindidi ezi-3 ezisisiseko-mali-iintengo, izibophelelo kunye nemali-ngaphakathi kwipotfoliyo yokutshala imali. Ngokomzekelo olula, umtyalo-mali ohlangeneyo unokufumana iimali ezi-3 ezihlukeneyo kwiipotifoliyo zakhe zokutshala imali: Ingxenye yemali yakhe inotyalwe kwisikhwama semali yesahlulo kunye nesinye isiqingatha sahlula ngokulinganayo phakathi kwezinye iimali ezimbini-isikhwama semboleko kunye nemarike yemali mali. Eli phothifoliyo iya kuba ne-asethi eyabelwe i-asethi yee-50, i-bond percent, kunye ne-25 ekhulwini yemali.
- Utyalo-mali: Uvimba-mali lusetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwiimarike zemali. Zidibene ngamacandelo amabini aphezulu okanye iindidi: ukugcinwa kwamatyala okulingana (ii-equity aka) kunye neentengo zemali. Ngokuqhelekileyo, ama-equity are stocks. Amasheya amatyala angabinxulumana, izatifikethi zokufaka idiphozi (iiCD), isitokhethi esikhethiweyo, kunye nezixhobo ezinzima, ezinjengeziqinisekiso zokubambisa.
- Iindidi zeengxowa-mali : Iimali zokubambisana zihlelwe kwiindidi ngeklasi ye-asethi (amasheya, iibhonksi, kunye nemarike yemali / imali) kwaye ibuye ibekwe ngokwengeziwe ngesitayela, injongo okanye isicwangciso. Ukufunda indlela iimali zobudlelwane bezobambiswano zikwahlula ngayo umncedisi-mali ufunde indlela yokukhetha imali engcono yokunikezelwa kweefa kunye neenjongo zohlukeneyo. Ngokomzekelo, kukho iifowuni zentengo, uxhasano lweemali kunye kunye nemali yemali yemali. Imali ye-Stock kunye neebhondi, njengeentlobo zeengxowa-mali eziphambili, zinamacandelo amaninzi achaza ngakumbi indlela yokutshala imali.
- Imali yecandelo : Imali yecandelo igxininise kumashishini athile, injongo yezenhlalakahle, okanye kwicandelo elinokhathalelo lwempilo, i-estate, okanye iteknoloji. Injongo yabo yokutyalomali kukubonelela ngokugqithiseleyo kumaqela athile e-industry, abizwa ngamacandelo . Abathengi be-Mutual basebenzisa iimali zecandelo ukwenzela ukwandisa ukunyuka kwamacandelo amashishini abacinga ukuba baya kwenza ngcono kunamanye amacandelo. Ngokuthelekiswa, imali edibeneyo-ezo ezingagxininisekanga kwicandelo elinye-ziya kuba sele zikhokelela kwiinkalo ezininzi zoshishino. Ngokomzekelo, i-S & P 500 Index Index inikezela ukuchazwa kwamacandelo, njengononophelo lwempilo, amandla, iteknoloji, izibonelelo kunye neenkampani zemali.
- Iimali ze-Mutual fund : Imali yokubambisana kunye neengxowa-mali zimela iimfanelo (iibhanki okanye iimbophe) ezigcinwe kwingxowa-mali. Zonke izibambiso ezingundoqo zidibanisa ukwenza iphothifoliyo enye. Cinga ibhakethi ezaliswe ngamatye. Ibhakethi yinkxaso-mali, kunye nelinye ilitye lesitokisi esisodwa okanye ibhondi ephethe. Isibalo sawo onke amatye (amasheya okanye iibhondi) lilingana nenani labanamalungelo.
Indlela yokusebenzisa i-5 Percent Rule of Investment
Ngomzekelo olula wolawulo lweepesenti ezingama-5, umtyalo-mali uyakha iphothifoliyo yesitokethi. Umtyalo-mali unokugqithisa ubukhulu beepesenti ezingama-5 ngokwakha iphothifoliyo yamasheya angama-20 (kuma-5 ekhulwini ngalinye, i-portfolio iyonke ilingana nama-100 ekhulwini). Nangona kunjalo, abatyali-mali abaninzi basebenzisa iimali ezixhasayo, ezicingelwa ukuba zidibeneyo, kodwa oku akunjalo ngaso sonke isikhathi.
Enye yeenzuzo ezininzi zeengxowa-mali zihlanganiselwe lula.
Kodwa ulawulo lweepesenti ezingama-5 lunokuphulwa xa umtyalo-mali engazi ngokubamba imali yakhe. Umzekelo, umtyalo-mali ohlangeneyo unokugqithisa ulawulo lwama-5 ekhulwini ngokutyalombela kwelinye lezona zimali eziphezulu ze-S & P 500 ngoba inani elipheleleyo labanikazi ubuncinane ubuncinane beemali ezi-500, ngalinye limele i-1 ekhulwini okanye ngaphantsi kwepotfolio. Kodwa ezinye iingxowa-mali zibambene nezikhundla ezinzima zezitokisi, iibhondi, okanye ezinye izinto eziphathekayo, ezifana nezitye ezixabisekileyo (igolide, umzekelo), ukuba abatyali-mali abanako ukuqonda ngaphandle kokuba bafunde i -prospectus yefowuni okanye basebenzise enye ye- intanethi kwiindawo zokuphanda mali kunye .
Abatyalomali kufuneka basebenzise i-5 pesenti yolawulo kunye nemali yecandelo. Ngokomzekelo, ukuba ufuna ukungafani kunye namacandelo okhethekileyo, njengononophelo lwempilo, i-real estate, izibonelelo kunye negolide, ugcina ulwabiwo lwakho lu-5% okanye ngaphantsi ngamnye.
Umzekelo I-Portfolio ye-Mutual Fund usebenzisa i-5 Percent Rule of Investment
Gcina ukhumbule ukuba ukwabiwa kwakho kwi-fund eyodwa kuya kuphakama ngaphezu kwe-5% ukuba ingxowa ngokwayo ayiphuli umthetho we-5%. Umzekelo, isakhiwo esifanelekileyo seprojekthi yezokwakhethiwa sisistim e- core kunye ne-satellite , esiyiqhinga lokukhetha i-fund "engundoqo", njenge-S & P 500 Index fund, kunye nepesenti enkulu, njengama-40 ekhulwini, nokwakha malunga kunye neengxowa "ze-satellite", ngamnye olwabiwe malunga nama-5-20 ekhulwini. Iimali zekhompyutheni zilungile ukusebenzisa zombini kunye kunye nama-satellites kuba zihlukeneyo ngokubanzi.
Nantsi isampula yengundoqo kunye neepotfoliyo ze-satellite, ezidlula ulawulo lwepesenti ezi-5, usebenzisa i-index index kunye namacandelo:
65% Amasheya
25% I-Vanguard 500 Index (VFINX)
I-15% iShares MSCI ACWI ye-US Index (ACWX)
10% iShares Russell 2000 Index (IWM)
5% Iinkonzo zeeNkonzo ze-SPDR (XLU)
5% T. I-Rowe Price yeSayensi zezeMpilo (PRHSX)
5% iShares Cohen & Steers Realty Majors (ICF)25%
25% I-Vanguard Iyonke Index Index ye-Bond Market (VBMFX)10% Ikheshi
Ukufumana imali, fumana i-fund yemali yemarike yakho kwi-broker yakho.
Njengoko ubona, i-mali yemacandelo (izibonelelo, ukunakekelwa kwempilo kunye nezakhiwo) zanikwa isabelo se-5 ekhulwini, ngenxa yokuba ezi mali zidibene ngokubhekiselele kwintlobo ethile yesitokisi, enokudala amanqanaba aphezulu emngciphekweni. Iimali zengxowa-mali ephakamileyo kakhulu kufuneka zifumane ipesenteji eziphantsi. Ezinye iimali zengxowa-mali zingafumana ipesenti eziphezulu.
Qwalasela kwakhona umthetho we-3%.
Ukuziphendulela: Ulwazi olukule ndawo lunikezelwa ngeenjongo zengxoxo kuphela kwaye akufanele lucatshungulwe njengengcebiso-mali. Ngaphandle kweemeko ngaba le nkcazelo ibonisa isincomo sokuthenga okanye ukuthengisa iziqinisekiso.