Iintlobo zeMutual Fund kunye neMigangatho

Iintlobo zeMatual Fund zenziwa njani

Iintlobo ze-Mutual fund zihlelwe kwiindidi ngeklasi ye-asethi (amasheya, iibhonksi kunye nekheshi) kwaye ikwahlulwa kwakhona ngokwendlela, injongo okanye isicwangciso. Ukufunda indlela iimali zobudlelwane bezobambiswano zikwahlula ngayo umncedisi-mali ufunde indlela yokukhetha imali engcono yokunikezelwa kweefa kunye neenjongo zohlukeneyo. Ngokomzekelo, kukho iifowuni zentengo, uxhasano lweemali kunye kunye nemali yemali. Iimali ze-Stock kunye neebhondi, njengeentlobo zeengxowa-mali eziziiprayimari, zinamaqela amaninzi ezichaza ngakumbi indlela yokutshala imali ye-fund.

Izigaba ze-Stock Mutual Fund

Imali ye-Stock ikwahlulelwa kuqala ngesitayi ngokwemilinganiselo yexabiso lemarikeji (ubukhulu boshishino okanye iqumrhu elilingana nexabiso lesabelo ngokuphindaphindiweyo inani lezabelo ezikhoyo):

• Iimali ezinkulu ze-Stock Stock zifaka imali kwisitokhwe seenkampani kunye neentengo ezinkulu zeemarike (ezinkulu kunezigidi ezili-11 zamaRandi, ngokubhekiselele kwi- Morningstar ). Ezi nkampani zinkulu kangangokuthi mhlawumbi uvile ngabo okanye ungathenga izinto okanye iinkonzo ezivela kuzo rhoqo. Amanye amagama esitokisi amakhulu aquka i-Wal-Mart, i-Exxon, i-GE, i-Pfizer, i-Bank of America, i-Apple ne-Microsoft. I-Morningstar nayo ineqela lekhredithi yemarike, elibizwa ngokuba "likhulu," elithetha imali edibeneyo yokutyalomali kwiinkampani zentengo yemali ephakathi kwemali engama-47.
• I-cap-cap Iimali ze-Stock Invests zifaka imali kwiimpahla zeenkampani zorhafu yobukhulu bemali (phakathi kwe-$ 2.5 billion kunye ne-11 billion yeebhiliyoni, ngokwe-Morningsta r ). Uninzi lwamagama enkampani onokuyiqonda, njenge-Harley Davidson ne-Netflix, kodwa abanye onokungazi, njengeSanDisk Corporation okanye i-Life Technologies Corp.

• Iimali zeeNtshukumo zeSitokethi ezincinci zifaka imali kwiimpahla zentlanganiso yenkxaso-ntlawulo encinci (phakathi kwe-$ 750 yezigidi kunye ne-$ 2.5 billion, ngo-Morningstar). Nangona i-dollar-dollar corporation ingabonakala inkulu kuwe, incinci ifaniswa ne-Wal-Marts kunye nee-Exxons zehlabathi. I-Morningsta r ibuye neqela lekhredithi ye-market, ebizwa ngokuba yi-"cap-cap" emele imali ekutyala imali kwiinkampani kunye nemali-mboleko yemali engaphantsi kwezigidi eziyi-750.

Iimali ze-Stock zizahlula ngokulandela injongo yazo, eziza kubalwa ngokubanzi kwi-Growth, Value or Objective Blend:

• Ukukhutshwa kweeNgxowa-mali eziKhulayo kutyalo kwiimali ezikhulayo, ezizi-stocks zeenkampani ezilindeleke ukuba zikhule ngokukhawuleza kunomlinganiselo wemarike.
• Ixabiso leeMali zeMali zifaka imali kwiimpahla zentengo, eziyi-stocks zeenkampani ezithatyathwa ngumtyalomali okanye umphathi wezikhwama zixhomekeke ekuthengiseni ngentengo ephantsi kunexabiso lemarike. Ixabiso leMali yeNgxowa-mali idlalwa ngokuba yi- Dividend Mutual Funds kuba ixabiso lesitokhwe lihlala lihlawula iindleko kubasomali-mali, kanti isitokhwe sokukhula asikhohla igalelo kumtyalomali kuba iqumrhu libuyisela igalelo ekuqhubekeni likhula.
• Iingxowa-mali ze-Stock Blend zifaka imali ngokuxuba kokukhula kunye nexabiso lempahla.

Ngoku ukuba ufunde isiseko sokwabiwa kwempahla yesikhwama semali, uya kuqonda oko kuthetha ntoni, umzekelo, ukuba ubona ingxowa-mali edibeneyo ekwahlula njengeNgxowa-mali ye-Value-cap. Yingxowa-mali efaka imali kwiqela leemasheya ezimela iinkampani zentengo ephakathi kwinqanaba lexabiso.

Iimali ze-Stock zingabalwa njengezizwe zamazwe ngamazwe okanye amazwe angaphandle , kummandla welizwe, ezifana neYurophu okanye iPacific Rim, okanye kwiindawo ezizodwa, ezibizwa ngokuba yimali yecandelo , njenge-Health, Real Estate, Technology, Energy, Staples kwaye nangokunjalo.

Izigaba zeBond Mutual Fund

Iintlobo zeengxowa-mali zebhondi kunye nendlela ezikwahlula ngayo zingaqondwa kakuhle ngokuphinda zihlaziywe ngokubaluleka kwezibhonkco . Iimali zeeBond ziyi-IOU ezikhishwe ngamashishini, njengamaRhulumente wase-US okanye amaqumrhu, kunye neengxowa-mali zentsebenziswano kunye nezibophelelo zixhomekeke ngokubanzi ngalawo mabandla afuna ukuboleka imali ngokukhupha izibophelelo:

• Iimali zeeBond zikarhulumente zityalomali kwiintlobo ezahlukeneyo zeebhondi ze- US.
• Iimali zeeNgxowa- mali zeMasipala zityalomali kwiintlobo ezahlukeneyo zeebhanki zikaMasipala. Umniki-mboleko - umasipala - ngokuqhelekileyo ngumbuso ngaphakathi eUnited States (okt California Municipal Bond).
• Iibhanki zeBond Corporate zifaka imali kwiibhondi ezahlukahlukeneyo ezikhishwe ngamashishini.

Iimali zeBond zikwahlulwa ngokwexesha eliphakathi (elifanayo, kodwa alisoloko lifana, ukukhula) kweebhondi ezigcinwe kwingxowa-mali:

• IiNgxowa-mali zeBond yexesha elide ziza kuthenga ngokutsha izibophelelo kunye nobude obungaphezulu kweminyaka eyi-10.

• Iibhondi zeBond yexesha eliphakathi ziya kuthenga ngokutsha izibophelelo ezinexesha eliphakathi kweminyaka eyi-3.5 neyesithupha.
• Iifowuni zeBond zexesha elifutshane ziza kuthenga ngokutsha izibophelelo kunye neminyaka emi-3 ukuya kweyure.
• Iifowuni zeBond zexesha elifutshane ziza kuthenga ngokutsha izibophelelo kunye nexesha elingaphantsi konyaka omnye.

Iimali zobudlelwane bezivumelwano zeBond zingabonakaliswa ngokugqithiseleyo ngekhwalithi yemboleko yezibophelelo eziphantsi kwesikhwama sebhondi. Ngokomzekelo, iibhondi ze-US Treasury ziphakathi kwezinga eliphezulu lekhredithi (umngcipheko omncinci kumgcini-mboleko) kunye ne "Iibhondi ezingenamsebenzi" ziphakathi kwezinga eliphezulu kakhulu lekhredithi (umngcipheko ophezulu kunobunini bebhanki) kwaye ngokuqhelekileyo kuthiwa yi-bond bonds high.