Inkcazo, iNkcazo, kunye noBuchule bemiSebenzi
Masiqale ekuqaleni ngokuphendula umbuzo oyintloko: Iyintoni isiphumo?
Yintoni ephuma kuyo?
Ixesha elivela kwixesha eliqhelekileyo lidlalwa njengento-ukhuseleko, isivumelwano-esithatha ixabiso layo kwintsebenziswano kunye nolunye uhlobo lwexabiso okanye ukuhamba kwemali. Zininzi iintlobo zeemvelaphi kwaye zinokuba zilungileyo okanye zimbi, zisetyenziselwa izinto ezivelisayo okanye njengezixhobo ezicwangcisayo. Iziganeko ezinokuthi zinokunceda ukuzinzisa uqoqosho okanye ukuzisa inkqubo yezoqoqosho emadolweni kwi-implosion eyingozi ngenxa yokungakwazi ukufumana ingozi engokoqobo, ukukhusela ngokufanelekileyo kubo, nokulindela iziganeko ezibizwa ngokuthi "i-chainis-chain" apho iinkampani ezinxulumene, amaziko, kunye nemibutho zifumanisa ngokukhawuleza ngenxa yeempembelelo ezibhaliweyo okanye ezilungisiweyo ezivela kwisinye isiqhelo esaphumelekile; i mpe mbelelo.
Isizathu esibalulekileyo esi sengozi sakhiwa kwiziphumo ezivela kwizinto ezibangelwa yinto ebizwa ngokuba ngumngcipheko wenkampani.
Uninzi lweemveliso ezixhomekeke kumntu okanye kwisiko ngaphesheya kworhwebo ekwazi ukuhlala ngokubhekiselele kwintsebenzo eyabetha. Ukuba uluntu luvumela abantu ukuba basebenzise imali ebolekelwe ukuba bangene kuzo zonke iintlobo zamalungiselelo eziqhelanisiweyo, singasifumana kwimeko apho wonke umntu ethwala izikhundla ezivela kwiincwadi zabo kwixabiso elikhulu kuphela ukuba afune ukuba oko, xa konke kutyalwa, kuncinci kakhulu imali apho ngenxa yokwehluleka omnye okanye ezimbini kwindlela eya kususa wonke umntu ngaphandle kwayo.
Ingxaki iya kuba nzima ngenxa yokuba ezininzi iinkontrakthi ezifunyenweyo ezizimeleyo zizakhele iifowuni zokubambisa ezifuna umlingane ukuba abeke imali engaphezulu okanye idibeneyo ngeli xesha bafuna yonke imali abayifumanayo, ukukhawuleza umngcipheko wokubanjelwa kwebhanki. Kungenxa yesi sizathu sokuba ibhiliyaliire uCharlie Munger, omdala umgxeki weemvelaphi, ubiza ezininzi iikontraki ezithembekileyo "zide zifikeleleke" njengokuba umzuzu ufuna ukuba uthathe imali, inokuphuphuma kakhulu kuwe kungakhathaliseki ukuba ungubani uyithwala kwi- balance sheet yakho .
U-Munger kunye nomlingani wakhe wezoshishino uWarren Buffett bahamba ngokugqithiseleyo ngokuvumela kuphela inkampani yabo , iBerkshire Hathaway , ukuba babhale izivumelwano ezinokubambisa apho bengabikho kwemali kwaye bangenyanzelwanga ukuba bangeniswe kwi-collateral endleleni.
Ziziphi ezinye iindidi eziqhelekileyo zeemvelaphi?
Phakathi kwezona ziqhelo eziqhelekileyo neziqhelekileyo zeziphumo onokujamelana nazo kwilizwe langempela zi:
Utshintshiselwano lokuThengiswa kweStock Options: Ukhetho lweefowuni uze ufake iindlela , ezingasetyenziswa ngokufanelekileyo okanye njengendlela yokungcakaza ngokwemvelo yintengiso enkulu. Ngokuqhelekileyo zonke iinkampani ezinkulu ezithengiswa esidlangalaleni eUnited States ziluhlu lweenketho zokufowunela kwaye zibeke iinketho.
Imithetho ethile elawulwayo e-United States ihluke kulabo abalawula ezo zivumelwano ezivela kwiYurophu kodwa zixhobo ezixabisekileyo kuxhomekeke kwindlela ofuna ukuyisebenzisa ngayo. Umzekelo, unokufumana abanye abantu ukuba bakhokhele ukuthenga isitokethi ofuna ukuyithenga, nokuba kunjalo. Ekubeni sele sichaza ibhiliyaliire uWarren Buffett, siya kumsebenzisa njengomzekelo, kwakhona. Wasebenzisa eli qhinga kwiminyaka emininzi edlulileyo xa eqokelela inxalenye yakhe enkulu yeCoca-Cola. Ukutshintshiselana okukhethiweyo kuthengiswa kwindlela, ukusuka kwindlela yokujonga inkqubo, phakathi kweyona ndlela isisigxina kuba umthengisi ofumanayo akafanele akhathazeke ngokubhekiselele kwengozi yongqinelana nabo.
Ngethuba le nto ingaba mngcipheko omkhulu kumthengisi ngamnye, ukusuka kwindlela yokuzinza kwenkqubo, ukuphuma kweemali ezithengiselwano ezifana nale nto yinkxalabo encinci kuba umthengi kunye nomthengisi wekhontrakthi ngalunye ukhetha ukuthengiselana kunye nokukhetha utshintsho, ngubani uba ngumlingani.
Izinketho zokutshintshela ziqinisekisa ukusebenza kweentrakethi nganye kunye neentlawulo zerhafu nganye kwintengiselwano yokwakha into efana noluhlobo lwentengiso ye-inshurensi ukukhawulelana naziphi na iintsilelo ezingase zivele. Ukuba umntu ngaphesheya kworhwebo ufumana ingxaki ngenxa yokubizelwa kwegama lokungena, omnye umntu akayi kwazi malunga nalo.
Izinketho zeStock Employee: Inikezelwe njengenxalenye yembuyekezo yokusebenza kwenkampani, ukhetho lwezithuba zabasebenzi luhlobo lwesiphumo esivumela umqeshwa ukuba athenge i-stock kwixabiso elithile ngaphambi komhla wokugqibela. Ithemba lomqeshwa kukuba ukunyuka kwesitokisi kuxabiseke kakhulu ngaphambi kokuba i-derivative iphelelwe ke ngoko angasebenzisa ukhetho kwaye, ngokuqhelekileyo, uthengisa isitokethi kwimarike evulekileyo ngexabiso eliphezulu, ukuphazamisa umahluko njengobhonasi. Okunqabile kakhulu, umqeshwa angakhetha ukuza nayo yonke into ehlawulwayo epokothini aze agcine ubunini bakhe, ukuqokelela inxaxheba enkulu kumqeshi.
Iikhontrakthi zexesha elizayo: Nangona iikhontrakthi zexesha elizayo zikhona kuzo zonke iintlobo zezinto, kubandakanywa iindleko zemakethe ezifana ne-S & P 500 okanye i -Dow Jones Industrial Average , i-future usetyenziswe kakhulu kwiimarike zemveliso. Khawucinge ukuba ungumfama. Ukhula ininzi yengqolowa. Kufuneka ukwazi ukuqikelela isakhiwo sakho seendleko, inzuzo kunye nomngcipheko. Unokuya kwikharityhulam yexesha elizayo kwaye uthengise isivumelwano sokuhambisa ingqolowa yakho, ngosuku oluthile kunye nexabiso elivunyelwene ngaphambili. Elinye iqela lingathengisa le khontrakthi yexesha elizayo kwaye, kwiimeko ezininzi, kufuneka ukuba unikezele ingqolowa ngokwenyama. Ngokomzekelo, i-Kellogg okanye i-General Mills, ababini abenzi bezolimo ezinkulu, banokuthenga i-corn future ukuze baqiniseke ukuba banayo ingqolowa eyaneleyo yokutya okuyi-cereal ngelixa bexeshanye kunye nokuhlawula amazinga abo ngeendleko ukwenzela ukuba baqikelele imali yokufumana iiplani zokwenza izicwangciso.
Iifayili zihlala zisebenzisa i-future to cost their cost fuel jet. Iinkampani zemigodi zingathengisa ixesha elizayo ukubonelela ngokukhawuleza ukuhamba kwemali ngokwazi kwangaphambili ixesha abaza kufumana ngayo igolide, isilivere kunye nobhedu. Ama-Ranchers angathengisa iifama zabo ngexesha elizayo. Zonke ezi zivumelwano zithatha uqoqosho lwangempela xa zisetyenziswe ngokuqinileyo njengoko zivumela ukutshintshwa komngcipheko phakathi kwamaqela azimisele ukukhokelela ekusebenzeni ngokugqithiseleyo kunye neziphumo ezinqwenelekayo malunga noko umntu okanye isikhungo esikulungeleyo nokukwazi ukuveza ithuba lokulahleka okanye ukungazinzi .
I-Swaps: Iinkampani, iibhanki, amaziko emali, kunye neminye imibutho ihlala ingena kwiikontraki ezifunyenweyo ezibizwa ngokuba ngumyinge we-swaps okanye i-swaps yemali. Ezi zithetha ukunciphisa umngcipheko. Bangakwazi ukuguqula ngokufanelekileyo i-rate-rate rate inqanaba lokutsalwa kwetyala okanye ngokulandelelana. Banokunciphisa ithuba lokunyuka kweemali ezinkulu ukwenza kube nzima ukuhlawula ityala kwelinye ilizwe lemali. Impembelelo ye-swaps ingaba lukhulu kwi- balance sheet kunye neziphumo zengeniso kunoma yiphina ixesha elifanelekileyo njengoko zilungiselela ukucima nokuzinzisa ukuhamba kwemali, i-asethi kunye namatyala (kuthathwa ukuba ihlelwe kakuhle).
Umgaqo oqhelekileyo ebomini ngabanye abatyala-mali: gweba iziphumo ezithintekayo, zombini ngqo kwii-potifoliyo kunye nakwiibhanti zamashishini otyalo
Nangona abantu kunye neentsapho ezinomthamo omkhulu zingabonakalisa ukucwangcisa izicwangciso ezithile zokufumana ulwaphulo-mali xa kusebenza nomcebisi-mali orenjisiweyo obhalisiweyo- umzekelo, kunokwenzeka ukuba kunciphise irhafu kunye neentambo zokulwa nokunyuka kweemarike xa ukulahlwa kancinci kwesithuba esiphezulu se-stock position ubomi obude okanye inkonzo yenkampani ethile okanye ukuvelisa ingeniso eyongezelelweyo ngokubhalwa kweefowuni ezikhethiweyo okanye ukuthengisa imali egcinwe ngokugcwele, ekwabini ngaphezu kweloku sixoxa ngako apha - umgaqo omhle ebomini kukuphepha iziphumo zonke iindleko ngoku ukuthetha ngesikhundla sakho sephothifoliyo. Andikwazi ukukuxelela ukuba bangaphi abantu ababendikubonileyo beya kubhankanya okanye basula amashumi eminyaka yokugcina kwiincwadi zabo emva kokuthenga iinketho zokufowuna ngomzamo wokuzityebi ngokukhawuleza.
Kuyafana nokutshala imali kwiinkampani zemali ezinzima okanye iifemu. Ukuba awukwazi ukuqonda ukuphuma kwoshishino emva kokumba amaxwebhu alo wokubhengeza, mhlawumbi ungcono ekukhupheleni. Okokuthi, ndiya kufikelela ekuthiwa mhlawumbi akufanele utyalomise kwisitokisini sakhe okanye akufanele uthenge izibophelelo zayo kodwa, kwakhona, njengokuba usebenzisa ama-derivatives ngokwakho, oko kukuthile wena kunye nomcebisi wakho wotyalo-mali uza kufuneka unqume kunye emva kokuqwalasela iimfuno zakho ezizodwa, iimeko kunye nokunyamezela.
I-Balance ayinikezeli irhafu, utyalo-mali, iinkonzo zemali kunye neengcebiso. Ulwazi lwenziwa ngaphandle kokuqwalasela iinjongo zotyalo-mali, ukunyamezela, okanye imeko zezimali kwanoma yimuphi umtyalo-mali othile kwaye angenakufaneleka kubo bonke abatyalo-mali. Ukusebenza kwangaphambili akubonakali kweziphumo ezizayo. Utyalo-mali luquka ubungozi kubandakanya ukulahlekelwa kwinqununu.