Ibali likaSihlalo weBillionaire waseBerkshire Hathaway
Ngeminyaka emithandathu kuphela ubudala, uBuffett wathenga iipakethe ezi-6 zeCoca-Cola kwisitolo se-grandfather's grocery for twenty-five centi kwaye wavuselela nganye iibhotile ze-nickel. Ngoxa abanye abantwana bakhe bebedlala i-hopscotch kunye neentonga, uWarren wayenza imali . Kwiminyaka emihlanu kamva, uBuffett wathatha isinyathelo sokuqala kwihlabathi lezemali eziphezulu.
Kwiminyaka elishumi elinesibhozo ubudala, wathenga izabelo ezintathu zeeNdawo zeeNkonzo ezikhethiweyo kwi-38 yesabelo ngasinye kwisibini kunye nodade wakhe omdala, uDoris. Kungekudala emva kokuthenga isitokisi, kwawela kwi-dollar engama-27 kuphela ngesabelo ngasinye. I-Warren eyesabisayo kodwa ekhuselekileyo yabamba izabelo zakhe kwaze kwaba yilapho ihlawulela kuma-40. Wathengisa ngokukhawuleza-mpazamo wayeza kuzisola. IiNkonzo zeeNdawo zitshintshile zifikelela kuma-$ 200. Amava amfundisa enye yezifundo ezisisiseko zokutyalomali: umonde ubuhle.
Imfundo kaWarren Buffett
Ngo-1947, uWarren Buffett waphumelela kwisikolo esiphakamileyo xa wayeneminyaka eli-17 ubudala.
Akuzange kube yinjongo yakhe ukuya kwikholeji; wayesele enze i $ 5,000 ehambisa amaphephandaba (oku kufana ne $ 42,610.81 ngo-2000). Uyise wayenezinye izicwangciso waza wancenga unyana wakhe ukuba abe khona kwiSikolo soShishino lweWharton kwiYunivesithi yasePennsylvania.
UBuffett wahlala iminyaka emibili, ekhononda ukuba wayazi ngaphezu kootitshala bakhe.
Xa uHoward wanqotshwa ngo-1948, u-Warren wabuya ekhaya waya e-Omaha waza wathunyelwa kwiYunivesithi yaseNebraska-Lincoln. Naphezu kokusebenza ixesha elizeleyo, wakwazi ukuphumelela kwiminyaka emithathu kuphela.
UWarren Buffett wasondela kwizifundo ezigqityiweyo kunye nokuchasana okufanayo wabonisa iminyaka embalwa ngaphambili. Ekugqibeleni wagqiba ukuba afake isicelo kwiSikolo soBuchule saseHarvard, esathi, kwisigqibo esona sibi kakhulu emlandweni, samlahlela "njengomncinane". Ukukhanya, iWarren yaza yafaka isicelo ku-Columbia apho abatyali-zimali abaziwayo uBen Graham noDavid Dodd bafundisa-amava ayeza kutshintsha ngonaphakade ubomi bakhe.
UBen Graham - Mentor kaMentor
UBen Graham wayaziwayo ngexesha lama-1920. Ngexesha apho lonke ihlabathi liye lafika kwibala lemali yokutshala imali njengokungathi yayiyimidlalo enkulu ye-roulette, uGraham wafuna izitokisi ezazingabonakaliyo kangangokuthi zaziphantse zingekho mngcipheko . Enye yeefowuni zakhe ezaziwa kakhulu yiNombolo yePipu yoMntla, inkampani yokuthutha ioli elawulwa yiRockefellers.
Isitokhwe sasithengisa i-$ 65 isabelo, kodwa emva kokufunda isalathisi , uGraham waqaphela ukuba le nkampani inamabhanki angama-dollar ayi-$ 95 nganye kwisabelo. Ixabiso lokutyalo-mali lizama ukukhuthaza abaphathi ukuba bathengise iphothifoliyo, kodwa benqaba.
Ngokukhawuleza emva koko, wenza i-proxy imfazwe kwaye wafumana indawo kwiBhodi yabaLawuli . Inkampani ithengise iibhanki zayo kwaye ihlawule isahlulelo kwisixa sama-70 seesabelo ngasinye.
Xa wayeneminyaka engama-40 ubudala, uBen Graham ushicilele uhlalutyo lwezoKhuseleko , enye yeyona misebenzi emikhulu ebhaliweyo kwimarike yemasheya. Ngelo xesha, kwakunobungozi; ukutshala imali kwi-equity kwaba yintlanzi (i- Dow Jones yayilele ukusuka ku-381.17 ukuya kwi-41.22 ngaphaya kweminyaka emithathu ukuya emine emva kokuphela kwe-1929). Kwakukho ngeli xesha uGraham wafika kunye nomgaqo we "intrinsic" intengo yezoshishino-umlinganiselo wenyani yexabiso elifanelekileyo lolawulo olupheleleyo kwaye luzimeleyo ngokupheleleyo kwixabiso lentengo .
Ukusebenzisa ukubaluleka kwangaphakathi, abatyali-zimali banokugqiba isigqibo sokuba yintoni inkampani efanelekileyo kwaye yenza izigqibo zotyalo-mali ngokufanelekileyo. Incwadi yakhe esilandelayo, i -Intelligent Investor , apho i-Warren ibhiyozela ngokuthi "yincwadi enkulu kunazo zonke ekutyala imali ebhaliweyo", yazisa umhlaba kuMnu Market - eyona nto ibonisa ukutshala imali kwimbali.
Ngomgaqo-nkqubo wakhe olula kodwa utyalo-mali, uBen Graham waba ngumntu ongeyomntu oneminyaka engamashumi amabini anesibini ubudala uWarren Buffett. Ukufunda umqulu omdala we-Who's, uWarren owamfumanisa umcebisi wakhe nguSihlalo wenkampani yomshuwalense encinane, engaziwa yi-GEICO. Wayelela isitima ukuya eWashington DC ngolunye usuku ngoMgqibelo ukufumana ikomkhulu. Xa efika apho, iingcango zavalwa. Akunakuvalwa, uBuffett akazange ahlasele emnyango kuze kube yilapho umlindi efika ukuyivula. Wabuza ukuba kukho nabani na kwisakhiwo.
Njengenhlanhla (okanye isifo) bekuya kuba nayo, bekukho. Kuvela ukuba kukho indoda esasebenza kumgangatho wesithandathu. UWarren waxhaswa waya kumhlangabeza waza waqala ukumbuza imibuzo malunga nenkampani kunye nezoshishino zayo; intetho eyelula ngeeyure ezine. Le ndoda yayingekho ngaphandle kukaLorimer Davidson, oyiNtloko kaMongameli wezeMali. Amava aya kuba yinto ehlala noBuffett bonke ubomi bakhe. Ekugqibeleni wazuza yonke inkampani ye-GEICO ngokusebenzisa iqumrhu lakhe, iBerkshire Hathaway.
Ukuhamba ngee-graduate izifundo zakhe e-Columbia, uWarren Buffett nguye kuphela umfundi owayefumana i-A + kwenye yeeklasi zeGraham. Ukuphazamiseka, bobabini uBen Graham kunye noyise kaWarren bamcebisa ukuba angasebenzi kwiWall Street emva kokugqwesa. Ukuzimisela ngokupheleleyo, uBuffett wanikela ukusebenzela ubambiswano lukaGraham mahhala. UBen wamjikela. Wakhetha ukugcina amabala akhe kumaYuda angabhaqeshwanga kwiifisi zeeNtlanga ngelo xesha. IWarren yachithwa.
UWarren Buffett Ubuyela ekhaya
Ukubuyela ekhaya, wathatha umsebenzi kwikhaya lomrhweba wakhe waza waqala ukubona intombazana egama linguSusie Thompson. Ulwalamano lwagqitywa lwaba lukhulu kwaye ngo-Ephreli ka-1952, abo babini batshata. Baqeshisa igumbi elinesithathu kwi-$ 65 ngenyanga; yayiqhutywe-phantsi kwaye isibini esitshatileyo sabelana ngendawo kunye nosapho lweentlanzi. Yayilapha intombi yabo, ebizwa ngokuba nguSusie, yazalwa. Ukuze bakwazi ukugcina imali, bamenza umbhede wakhe kwi-drawer dresser.
Ngethuba leminyaka yokuqala, utyalo-mali lwama-Warren lubuncinci kwisikhululo seTechaco kunye nezinye iindawo zokuhlala , kodwa akukho mpu melelo. Kwakhona ngeli xesha waqala ukufundisa iikholeji zasebusuku kwiYunivesithi yase-Omaha (into eyayingenakwenzeka ezinyangeni ezimbalwa ngaphambili.) Xa ezama ukunqoba uloyiko olukhulu lokuthetha koluntu, iWarren yathatha izifundo ngeDale Carnegie). Ngombulelo, izinto zatshintshile. UBen Graham wabiza ngelinye ilanga, wamema umthengisi omncinane ukuba eze kumsebenzela. Ekugqibeleni iWarren yanikezwa ithuba elide elilindele.
UWarren Buffett Uya Kusebenzela uBen Graham
UWarren noSusie bafudukela endlwini kwidolophu yaseNew York. UBuffett wasebenzisa iintsuku zakhe ukuhlaziya iingxelo ze-S & P, ukufuna amathuba okutyalo-mali. Kwakukho ngeli xesha ukuba umehluko phakathi kweGraham neBoffett filosofi yaqala ukuvela.
I-Warren yaba nomdla kwindlela inkampani eyenze ngayo - yintoni eyenza iphakame kumagosa. UBen wayefuna nje amanani kodwa i-Warren yayinomdla kakhulu kubaphathi beenkampani njengento ebalulekileyo xa kugqiba ukutshala imali, uGraham wabheka kuphela kwi- balance sheet kunye nesitatimende se ngeniso ; Unokunyamekela ubuncinane malunga nobunkokeli benkampani. Phakathi kowe-1950 no-1956, i-Warren yakha i-capital yakhe ukuya kuma-140,000 kwi-$ 9,800 kuphela. Ngaloo mfuyo, wamisa i-Omaha kwaye waqala ukucwangcisa ukuhamba kwakhe okulandelayo.
Ngo-Meyi 1, 1956, uWarren Buffett waqulunqa amaqabane angama-7 ahlukeneyo aquka uodadewabo uDoris no-Aunt Alice, bakhulisa i-$ 105,000 kule nkqubo. Wafaka i-$ 100 ngokwakhe, ngokudala ngokusemthethweni iBuffett Associates, Ltd. Ngaphambi kokuphela konyaka, wayephethe i-$ 300,000 kwi-capital.
Omncinci, ukuthetha okuncinci, kodwa ube neeplani ezininzi ezinkulu zeli qonga lemali. Wathenga i-dollar engu-31,500, wabiza ngothando "uBuffett's Folly", kwaye waphatha ubudlelwane bakhe kwasekuqaleni kwezindlu zokulala, emva koko, iofisi elincinci. Ngelo xesha, ubomi bakhe buqalise ukuma; Wayenabantwana abathathu, umfazi omhle, kunye nezoshishino eziphumelela kakhulu.
Ngaphezulu kweeminyaka emihlanu ezayo, ubudlelwane bukaBuffett buqhube inzuzo engama-251.0%, ngelixa i- Dow yayiphakamise i-74.3% kuphela. Eyona nto-udumo kwindawo yakubo, uWarren akazange anike amathiphu esitokisini ngaphandle kokucela rhoqo kubahlobo kunye nabantu abangaziwayo. Ngowe-1962, ubudlelwane babenemali engaphezu kwe-7.2 yezigidi, apho i-$ 1 yezigidi ezizipholileyo ziyi-stake yeBuffett (akazange ayihlawule intlawulo kubambiswano - kunokuba i-Warren inelungelo lokufumana i-1/4 yenzuzo ngaphezu kwe-4%) .
Kwakhona waba namaqabane angama-90 ahlukeneyo e-United States. Kwisinye isigqibo esisisigxina, wabambisa intsebenziswano kwiqumrhu elilodwa elibizwa ngokuba yi "Buffett Partnerships Ltd.", wafaka utyalo-mali obuncinane kwi $ 100,000, waza wavula i-ofisi e-Kiewit Plaza eFarnam yesitalato.
Ngowe-1962, indoda egama linguCharlie Munger wabuyela ekhaya lakhe lase-Omaha evela eCalifornia. Nangona mhlawumbi i-snobbish, i-Munger yayinobulumko kuyo yonke into yegama. Wayeye kwiHarvard Law School ngaphandle kwesiGanga seBakala. Eyenziwe ngabahlobo kunye, uBuffett noCharlie bathatyathwa ngokukhawuleza, banikezele iingcambu ngobungani kunye nobambiswano bezoshishino eziza kuqhubeka kwiminyaka emashumi mane alandelayo.
Iminyaka elishumi emva kokusekwa kwayo, ipahla zeBuffett Partnership ziphezulu ngaphezu kwe-1,156% xa kuthelekiswa ne-Dow 122.9%. Ukusebenza njengenkosi phezu kweempahla eziye zachithwa kwi-$ 44 yezigidi zeedola, i-Warren neSusie yintsika yakhe yayingu-6 849,936. UMnu Buffett, njengoko bathi, befikile.
Ngokufanelekileyo, njengoko ukuqhubeka kwakhe ukuphumelela kwaqala ukuqiniswa ngokuqinile, uWarren Buffett wavala ubambiswano kwiakhawunti ezintsha. Imfazwe yaseVietnam yaqhelana ngamandla ngaphesheya kwehlabathi kwaye i-market market yaqhutyelwa ngabantu abangazange bajikeleze ngexesha lokudandatheka. Konke xa echaza ukukhathazeka kwakhe ngokunyuka kwexabiso lentengo, ubambiswano lathintele ukukhankanya okukhulu ngo-1968, ukurekhoda inzuzo ye-59.0% kwintengo, ukuxhaswa ngaphezu kwezigidi ezingama-104 kwiimpahla.
Ngonyaka ozayo, iWarren yaqhubeka ngaphezu kokuvala isikhwama kwi-akhawunti entsha; wahlawula ubambiswano. Ngomhla ka-Meyi 1969, waxelela amaqabane akhe ukuba "akakwazi ukufumana nayiphi na ibhonkco kwiimarike zangoku". UBuffett wasebenzisa intsalela yonyaka ukucoca iipotifoliyo, ngaphandle kweenkampani ezimbini - iBerkshire kunye nokuThengiswa koLondolozo.
Izabelo zaseBerkshire zahanjiswa phakathi kwamaqabane encwadi evela kuWarren eyazisa ukuba, ngokusemandleni akhe, uza kubandakanyeka kwishishini, kodwa kwakungekho ngaphantsi kwayo. U-Warren wayecacile ngenjongo yakhe yokubamba isiteti sakhe kwinkampani (wayene-29% yesitokisi saseBerkshire Hathaway) kodwa iinjongo zakhe azibonakalwanga.
UWarren Buffett Ulawulo lwe-Berkshire Hathaway
Indima kaBuffett eBerkshire Hathaway yayiye yacaciswa kwiminyaka ethile ngaphambili. Ngomhla we-Meyi 10, 1965, emva kokuqokelela i-49% yesitotho esifanayo, uWarren wazibiza ngokuba nguMlawuli. Ulawulo olubuhlungu lwaluqhubekele inkampani malunga nomhlaba, kwaye wayenokuqiniseka ngokunciphisa, kungaphathwa kakuhle.
Ngokukhawuleza uMnu. Buffett wenza umongameli weKen Chace wenkampani, emnika ukuzimela ngokupheleleyo kwintlangano. Nangona wenqwenela ukunikezela ngokukhethwa kwempahla kwisiseko sokuthi kwakungekho gwenxa kubanikazi abanini-mali, iWarren yavuma ukuboleka imali engama-18,000 amaRandi kuMongameli wakhe omtsha ukuba athenge amasheya angamawaka e-stock yenkampani.
Kwiminyaka emibini kamva, ngo-1967, iWarren yacela umsunguli weSizwe waseNkxaso-mali kunye nolawulo lwamasheya uJack Ringwalt eofisini lakhe. Bambuzwa into ayicinga ukuba inkampani ibalulekile, uKharwalt watshela uBuffett ukuba inkampani ibingakanani ubuncinane be-$ 50 ngesabelo ngasinye, i-premium ye-17 ye-premium ngaphezulu kwexabiso layo lokuthengiswa kwe-$ 33.
UWarren wanikela ukuthenga lonke iqela kwindawo - inkohlakalo eyayibiza iRandi 8.6 yezigidigidi zeedola. Ngaloo nyaka, iBerkshire yahlawula isahlulo sama-10 eesentimali kwi-stock ekhoyo. Akuzange kwenzeke kwakhona; UWarren uthe "kufuneka ukuba ube kwindawo yokuhlambela xa isabelo sichazwa".
Ngo-1970, uBuffett wazibiza ngokuba nguSihlalo weBhodi yeBerkshire Hathaway kwaye ngokokuqala ngqa, wabhala incwadi kubanini-masheya (uKen Chace wayejongene nomsebenzi ngaphambili). Ngaloo nyaka, isabelo-mali sikaSihlalo saqala ukubonisa ubulumko bakhe.
Iingeniso zetektile zaziyizigidi ezingama-45,000 zamaxabiso, ngelixa u-inshurensi kunye neebhanki nganye bezisa i-$ 2.1 kunye ne-2.6 yezigidigidi zeedola. Imali ekhethiweyo evela kwi-looms ekhulayo e-New Bedford, eMassachusetts yayinikeze umlambo weemali eziyimfuneko ukuqala ukwakha i-Berkshire Hathaway ekubeni yintoni namhlanje.
Ngonyaka okanye ngaphezulu kamva, uWarren Buffett wanikezwa ithuba lokuthenga inkampani ngegama le-Candy See. Umthengi we-chocolate wegourmet uthengise i-brand yayo yamacandi kumakhasimende ayo kwi-premium ukuya kwi-confectionary treatments. Isalathisi sibonakalise oko ama-Californians ayesazazi - ayenokuzikhethela ukuhlawula "okongeziweyo" kwintetho ekhethekileyo ethi "Bheka".
Ummeli-shishini wenza isigqibo sokuba iBerkshire izimisele ukuthenga inkampani i-$ 25 yezigidi ngemali. Ubona abanikazi bebanjelwe i $ 30 yezigidi, kodwa kungekudala bavuma. Kwakungomnye utyalo-mali uBerkshire okanye uBuffett owake wakwenza.
Ulandelelwano-mali oluninzi kunye nophando lwe-SEC (emva kokubangela ukudibanisa ukungaphumeleli, uWarren noThaer banikezele ukuthenga isitoko sikaWesco, inkampani ejoliswe kuyo, ngenxa yexabiso elithintekayo ngenxa yokuba becinga ukuba "yinto efanelekileyo yokwenza" - akumangalisi , urhulumente akazange abakholelwe), uBuffett waqala ukubona u-Berkshire Hathaway.
Ukususela ngo-1965 ukuya ku-1975, ixabiso leencwadi le nkampani lenyuka ukusuka kwi-20 engama-share ngayinye ukuya kuma-dollar angama-95. Kwakukho ngeli xesha iWarren yenza ukuthenga kwakhe kokugqibela kweStockk. (Xa intsebenziswano idonsa izabelo, wayenama-29%.
Kwiminyaka kamva, wayetyala imali engaphezu kwe-R4,4 yezigidi zeedola kwiinkampani ngokwexabiso elilinganiselwa kwi-32.45 ngeyabelo nganye.) Oku kwazisa ubunini bakhe ngaphezu kwe-43% yesitokhi kunye noSusie obambe enye i-3%. Inzuzo yakhe yonke yafakwa eBerkshire. Ngaphandle kokubambisa, inkampani ibe yintengiso yakhe yodwa.
Ngowe-1976, uBuffett waphinde wabandakanyeka ne-GEICO. Le nkampani yayisandul 'ukuvakalisa ukulahlekelwa kwezinto eziphakamileyo kwaye i-stock yayo yahluthwa kwi $ 2 ngesabelo ngasinye. UWarren waqonda ngokucacileyo ukuba ishishini eliphambili lisekhona; Uninzi lweengxaki lubangelwa liqela lokulawula elingenayo.
Kwiminyaka embalwa ezayo, iBerkshire yakha indawo yayo kule inshurensi ebulalayo kwaye yavuna izigidi kwiingeniso. UBenjamin Graham, othe wahlala enkampanini yakhe, wafa ngoSeptemba ngaloo nyaka, kungekudala ngaphambi kokuguqulwa. Kwiminyaka kamva, i-inshorensi enkulu yayiza kuba yinkxaso-mali ngokupheleleyo yaseBerkshire.
Utshintsho lobomi boBuntu boWarren Buffett
Kungekudala emva koko enye yeziganeko ezinzulu kunye nezikhuselayo ebomini bukaBuffett zenzeka. Kwangamashumi amane anesihlanu, uSusan Buffett washiya umyeni wakhe-kwifomu. Nangona wahlala watshata noWarren, umncedisi / umculi wafumana indlu yaseSan Francisco kwaye, efuna ukuba ahlale yedwa, wathuthela apho.
IWarren yachithwa ngokupheleleyo; ebusweni bakhe bonke, uSusie wayebe "ilanga nemvula [yakhe] kwintsimi". Aba babini bahlala besondele, bethetha imihla ngemihla, bathatha uhambo lwabo lweeveki ezimbini zeeNew York zonyaka, badibana nezingane zabo kwi-beach yabo yaseCalifornia kwiintlanganiso zeKrisimesi.
Ukutshintsha kwakunzima kumntu oshishino, kodwa ekugqibeleni wakhula ngendlela elungiselelwe ilungiselelo elitsha. USusie wabiza abafazi abaninzi kwiindawo ze-Omaha kwaye bamgxininisa ukuba badle isidlo kunye ne-movie kunye nomyeni wakhe; ekugqibeleni, wabeka iWarren kunye ne-Astrid Menks, umncedisi. Ngonyaka, wahamba noBuffett, bonke babusiswa nguSusie.
UWarren Buffett ufuna ama-nickels amabini ukuba ahlangane kunye
Ngasekupheleni kwee-70s, udumo lwakhe lwalukhule kangangokuba i-rumor uWarren Buffett wayeyithenga isitokisi yayanele ukudubula ixabiso layo eli-10%. Isitokhwe saseBerkshire Hathaway sathengisa ngaphezu kwe-290 yeesabelo, kwaye ubutyebi buso kaBuffett buba ngu-$ 140 yezigidi. Ingqungquthela kukuba iWarren akazange athengise isabelo esinye senkampani yakhe, oko kuthetha ukuba yonke imali yakhe ekhoyo yayingumvuzo we-$ 50,000 owamkelayo. Ngeli xesha, wenza ingxelo kwi-broker, "Yonke into endiyifumeneyo iboshwe eBerkshire. Ndingathanda ama-nickels ambalwa ngaphandle."
Oku kwabangela ukuba uWarren aqale ukutyalomali kubomi bakhe. Ngokutsho kwencwadi kaRoger Lowenstein, uBuffett , uWarren wayezicingela kakhulu ukutshala imali kwakhe kunokuba wayeseBerkshire. Kwesinye isikhathi wathenga i-future future copper which was unrated. Ngethuba elifutshane, wenza i $ 3 yezigidi zeedola. Xa ekhuthazwa ukuba atyalwe kwi-estate estate ngumhlobo, waphendula wathi: "Kutheni ndifanele ndithenge i- real estate xa i-market market ibulula kangaka?"
I-Berkshire Hathaway Izisa iNkqubo yoNika iNcedo
Kamva, uBuffett waphinde wabonisa ukuthambekela kwakhe kokuhlaziya umthambo odumile. Ngowe-1981, iminyaka eyishumi yokuhaha, iBerkshire yamemezela isicwangciso esitsha sothando esacatshulwa nguMnger kwaye samkelwa yiWarren. Isicwangciso esibizwa ngokuba ngumnini-sabelo ngamnye ukuba akhethe izibonelelo eziza kufumana i-$ 2 kwisabelo ngasinye seBerkshi.
Oku kwakuphendula kwisenzo esiqhelekileyo kwiWall Street ye-CEO ekhetha ukuba ngubani owamkela ukuphuma kweenkampani (ngokuqhelekileyo babeya kwizikolo ezilawulayo, iicawa kunye nemibutho). Isicwangciso saba yimpumelelo enkulu kwaye ngaphezu kweminyaka leyo imali yabelwe isabelo ngasinye. Ekugqibeleni, abanikazi bamasheya aseBerkshire banikela izigidi zeedola rhoqo ngonyaka, zonke izizathu zabo.
Le nkqubo yagqitywa emva kokuxhamla kwi-subsidiaries ye-Berkshire, i-Pampered Chef, ulwaphulo-mthetho ngenxa yezinto ezinokubaluleka kwezinto ezikhethekileyo uBuffett wakhetha ukunika isabelo sakhe esiphezulu se-pool. Esinye isiganeko esibalulekileyo malunga nelo xesha kwakuyixabiso lentengo elithatha i-$ 750 ngesabelo ngasinye ngo-1982. Uninzi lweenzuzo lubekwe kwi-stock portfoliyo yaseBerkshire eyayixabiswa ngaphezu kwama-dollar ayi-1.3 billion.
UWarren Buffett uthenga i-Nebraska ifowuni iMart, uScott Fetzer kunye ne-Airplane eBerkshire Hathaway
Kuzo zonke iirhwebo ezilungileyo iBerkshire wayephethe ukuqokelela, enye yeyona nto ibhetele yayiza kuba phantsi kwayo. Ngowe-1983, uWarren Buffett wahamba waya eNebraska Furniture Mart, umthengisi weefenitshala ezili-miliyari kwintsimbi eyakhiwe ekuqaleni kukaRose Blumpkin. Ukuthetha noNksk B, njengoko abahlali bendawo bambiza, uBuffett wabuza ukuba uya kuba nomdla ekuthengiseni isitolo eBerkshire Hathaway.
Impendulo kaBlumpkin yayilula ewe "ewe", eyongezelela ukuba yayiza kufaka "i-$ 60 yezigidi". Le ntsebenzo yavalwa kwintetho yesandla kunye nekhasi elilodwa lekhasi elilodwa. Umntu ovela kwisiRashiya ovela kwelinye ilizwe wayefake isheke ngaphandle kokukhangela xa wayifumana imihla kamva.
UScott & Fetzer yenye enye eyongeziweyo kwintsapho yaseBerkshire. Inkampani ngokwayo yayijoliswe ekuthatyweni kwamanyala xa i-LPO yasungulwa nguRalph Schey, uSihlalo. Unyaka ngowama-1984, kwaye u-Ivan Boesky washesha wamisa i-$ 60 isabelo (isibonelelo sangaphambili sesithenda sasi-$ 50 isabelo-i-$ 5 ngaphezulu kwexabiso lemarike).
Umenzi we-Krugby vacuum cleaners kunye ne-World Book encyclopedia, i-S & F yayixhalabisa. UBuffett, owayenayo isahlulo sesigidi sezabelo, waphonsa umyalezo kwinkampani ebacela ukuba batshale ukuba banomdla ekuhlanganiseni. Ifowuni yadlala ngokukhawuleza. I-Berkshire yanikela ngeedola ezingama-60 ngesabelo ngasinye kubanda, nzima, imali.
Xa le nto ibanjwe ngaphantsi kweveki kamva, uBerkshire Hathaway wayenemali entsha engama-315 yezigidigidi zamandla ekwakhela imali ekwakhekeni kwayo. Umlambo omncinci wenkcitho oye wenziwa ngaphandle kwegumbi lokugaya i-textile kwakhiwe enye yeenkampani ezinamandla kakhulu kwihlabathi. Izinto ezinokumangalisa kakhulu kwakufuneka zenziwe kwimihla ezayo. I-Berkshire yayiza kubona isabelo sayo sabelo senyuka ukusuka kuma-2,600 ukuya kwii-$ 80,000 kuma-1990.
Ngowe-1986, uBuffett wathenga inqwelo-moya yase Falcon esebenzisa i-$ 850,000. Njengoko wayeye waqonda ngokugqithiseleyo, kwakungekho mnandi ukuba athabathe ivenkile. Ingcamango yokunethezeka yayiyimpilo eyayingenakuyenza, kodwa wayeyithanda kakhulu ijeti. Ukutshisa i-jets ekugqibeleni, ngenxalenye, kuye kwabangela ukuba athenge i-Jet yoLawulo kwi-90s.
Ama-80 aqhubela phambili kunye neBerkshire enyuka kwixabiso njengokungathi i-cue, i-bump kuphela kwindlela eya kuphazamiseka ngo-1987. UWarren, owayengazange athukuthele malunga nokulungiswa kwemarike, wayezihlaziya ngokuzithoba intlawulo yenkampani yakhe kwaye wabuyela emsebenzini . Kwakuyimeleko yendlela awajonga ngayo iifaki kunye namashishini ngokubanzi. Le ngenye ye " uMark Market " ukukhawuleza kwexesha. Kwakunamandla kakhulu; i-yesine yesine yekotatshi yeBerkshire yacinywa. Engagqibekanga, iWarren ayilima.
Ndiza kuthatha iCoca
Ngomnyaka kamva, ngo-1988, waqala ukuthenga isitokisi seCoca-Cola njengomlutha. Ummelwane wakhe omdala, ngoku uMongameli weCoca-Cola, waphawula ukuba umntu ulayishe kwizabelo kwaye waba nexhala. Emva kokuphanda ukuthengiselana, wabona ukuba imisebenzi ivela eMidwest.
Ngokukhawuleza wacinga ngoBuffett, owambiza. UWarren wavuma ukuba uyona mxokelelwane kwaye wacelwa ukuba awakhulumi ngawo ade avule ngokomthetho ukutyhila i-holdings yakhe kwisiqingatha se-5%. Kwiinyanga ezimbalwa, iBerkshire inamaphesenti angama-7% kwenkampani okanye i-stock of $ 1,2 billion yezigidi. Kwiminyaka emithathu, isabelo sikaBuffett sikaCoca-Cola siya kuxabisa ngaphezu kwexabiso lonke laseBerkshire xa wenza utyalo-mali.
Imali kaWarren Buffett kunye neNkcazo kwiNgqumbo ngexesha likaSolomon Scandal
Ngo-1989 iBerkshire Hathaway yayithengisa i-$ 8,000 isabelo. UBuffett ngoku, ngokwakhe, uxabise ngaphezu kwe-3.8 yezigidigidi zeedola. Kwiminyaka elishumi ezayo, uya kuba nexabiso eliphindwe kabini loo mali. Ngaphambi kokuba kwenzeke, kwakukho amaxesha amaninzi amnyama ngaphambili (funda uSolomon Scandal).
IWarren Buffet ekuguqukeni kweMillennium
Ngethuba lokusala kwee-1990, isitokethi sithatha njengama-80,000 ngeesabelo ngasinye. Ngaphandle kwesi sibonakaliso seenkwenkwezi, njengoko i-dot-com ephazamisayo yaqala ukubamba, uWarren Buffett wityholwa ngokuthi "ulahlekelwa ngumtsalane wakhe". Ngo-1999, xa iBerkshire ibike ukunyuka kwenetha le-0.5% ngesabelo ngasinye, amaphephandaba ambalwa aqhubela amabali ngokuchithwa kwe "Oracle of Omaha".
Ukuqiniseka ukuba ibhola letheknoloji liza kutshabalalisa, uWarren Buffett waqhubeka ukwenza okusemandleni akhe: wabela imali enkulu kumashishini amakhulu athengisa ngaphantsi kwexabiso langaphakathi. Imizamo yakhe ayizange ihlawulwe. Xa ekugqibeleni iimarike zafika kwiingqondo zabo, uWarren Buffett wayephinde abe nkwenkwezi. Isitoreji saseBerkshire sabuyiselwa kumanqanaba angaphambili emva kokuwa kwi-45,000 yeesabelo ngasinye, kwaye indoda evela e-Omaha iphinde ibonwe njenge-icon yokutshala imali.