Indlela yokuTyala kwi-Real Estate
Ukutshala imali kwi-real estate enye yeyona ndlela endala yokutshala imali, sele ijikeleze ukususela kwiminyaka yokuqala yokuphuhliswa kwabantu. Ukuthengiswa kweemarike zamashishini zanamhlanje, i-real estate enye yeeklasi ezinhlanu ezisisiseko ukuba zonke iimali-mali zimele ziqwalasele ngokungenelela kwongezwa kwipotifoliyo yayo yokuhamba kwemali ekhethiweyo, ukuthengiswa kwemali, inzuzo, irhafu, kunye neenzuzo ezahlukahlukeneyo . Esi sikhokelo sokuqala, siya kukuhamba ngeendlela ezisisiseko zokutyalo-mali, kwaye uxoxe ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo onokuzifumanisa okanye uthathe ubunikazi kwiindawo zokutsalwa kwezindlu.
Okokuqala, masiqale ngezinto ezisisiseko: Yintoni ekutyalomali mali?
Yintoni Eyona Impahla EyiNtengiso?
Utyalo-mali oluthile luyinxalenye ebanzi yokusebenza, utyalo-mali kunye nemisebenzi yezemali ejolise ekwenzeni imali kwimpahla ebonakalayo okanye ukuhamba kwemali ngandlela-thile eboshwe kwipropati ebonakalayo.
Kukho iindlela ezine eziphambili zokwenza imali kwi-real estate:
- Ukuxabiswa Kwempahla Yenqobo : Yilapho ipropati ikhula ngexabiso. Oku kungakho ngenxa yenguqu kwiimakethe zendawo yokuhlala ezandisa ukwanda kwemfuno kwindawo yakho. Ingasetyenziswa ngenxa yokuphucula ukufaka imali kwi-real estate investment yakho ukwenzela ukuba ikhangele ngakumbi kubathengi okanye abaqeshisi. Ukuxabisa kwexabiso lomhlaba ngumdlalo okhohlakeleyo, nangona kunjalo.
- Ingeniso yeNgxowa-mali yemali (Ukuqeshisa) : Olu hlobo lotyalo-mali lwakhiwo lugxininise ekuthengeni ipropati yendawo yokuhlala, njengokwakhiwa kwesakhiwo, kwaye usebenze ukuze uqokelele umthamo wemali evela kwirente. Ingeniso ye-cash flow ingenziwa kwizakhiwo zezindlu, izakhiwo zeofisi, izindlu zokuqashisa, kunye nokunye.
- Imali enxulumene ne-Real Estate : Le ngeniso eveliswa ngabadayisi kunye nezinye iingcali zoshishino ezenza imali ngeekomishoni ekuthengeni nasekuthengiseni impahla. Kwakhona kuquka iinkampani zokulawulwa kwezindlu eziza kuhlala zigcina ipesenti yeendleko ngokutshintshela ukuqhuba imisebenzi yemini yepropati.
- I-Real Estate Impahla Yentengo-mali : Ukufumana imali-mali ethile, le nto inokuba ngumthombo omkhulu wenzuzo. Ingxowa-mali yokuthengisa ingeniso yendawo yendawo iquka izinto ezifana nokuthengisa amajelo kwiiofisi zeofisi okanye kwindawo yokuhlamba impahla kwiindawo eziphantsi kwezindlu. Enyanisweni, bakhonza njengamashishini amancinci kwi-investment real estate enkulu, ekuvumela ukuba wenze imali kwiqoqo elibanjelwe ngabathengi.
Uhlobo olulungekileyo, olulula kakhulu lotyalo-mali lwakhiwo lonke malunga nokuhamba kwemali kwiintlawulo kunokuba zixabiseke . Utyalo-mali olwenzekayo xa kwenzeka utyalomali, owaziwa ngokuba ngumnini-mhlaba, ufumana isiqwenga sepropati, nokuba ingaba yindawo ekhulayo yelizwe, umhlaba onendlu kuwo, umhlaba kunye nesakhiwo seofisi kuwo, umhlaba kunye nokugcinwa kweevenkile kuwo, okanye indlu.
Emva koko ufumana umntu ofuna ukusebenzisa le propati, eyaziwa njengomqeshi, kwaye angena kwisivumelwano. Umqashi unikwe ilungelo lokungena kwii-real estate, ukuyisebenzisa phantsi kwemigangatho ethile, ixesha elide, kunye nemimiselo ethile-enye yayo ichazwe kwi-Federal, state kunye nomthetho wendawo, kunye nabanye kuvunyelwene ngalo kwisivumelwano somqeshiso okanye isivumelwano sokuqeshisa . Ukutshintshiselana, umqashi uhlawula ukukwazi ukusebenzisa i-real estate. Intlawulo ayithumela kuyo umninikhaya uyaziwa ngokuthi "irente".
Kuba abatyala-mali abaninzi, ingeniso yokuqashisa kwi-real estate investments ineyona nzuzo enkulu yengqondo kwiingeniso kunye nomdla wokutshala imali kwiimpahla kunye neebhondi . Bangakwazi ukuqhuba ipropati, bayibone, kwaye bayichukumise ngezandla zabo. Bangayibhenca umbala wabo oyintandokazi okanye baqeshe inkampani yokwakha kunye nekwakhiwa ukuba iguqulwe. Bangasebenzisa izakhono zabo zokuxoxisana ukuze baqaphele izinga lokuqashisa, ukuvumela umqhubi omhle ukuba avelise amaxabiso aphezulu aphezulu , okanye "amazinga okuhamba."
Ukususela ngamaxesha, abatyali-zimali bezakhiwo bezakhiwo banokungahambi kakuhle njengabashinisi bamasheya ngexesha lokuthengiswa kwemakethe yempahla, bethi ukuba iirhafu zemali ayinandaba. Musa ukuwa. Ukuba unako ukuhlawula ixabiso lakho lokuqeshisa ngokufanelekileyo, kufuneka ujonge ixabiso lokubuyisela kwintlawulo yakho kwintlawulo yepropati, kubandakanywa ukuhlaziywa kwexabiso elithile , iimpahla kunye nentlawulo yengeniso, ukugcinwa, i-inshorensi kunye nezinye iindleko ezinxulumene nazo. Ukongezelela, kufuneka ulinganise inani elifunekayo lokujongana notyalo-mali, njengoko ixesha lakho lixabiso elixabisekileyo-unesizathu sokuba imali engenayo ingabonakali kakhulu ngabatyalomali. (Ukuba ama-holdings akho akhulu ngokwaneleyo, unokwenza okanye uqeshise inkampani yolawulo lwepropati yangempela yokuhlala ukuphatha imisebenzi yemihla ngemihla yefestile ye-real estate ngokutshintshela ipesenteji yengeniso yokuqashisa, ukutshintsha iimali-mali ezithengiswayo ilawulwa ngokusisigxina kwezoqoqosho.
Ziziphi ezinye zeNdlela eziDumeleyo zoMntu ukuba ziqalise ukutyalo-mali kwi-Real Estate?
Kukho iindidi ezininzi zeentlobo zeentengiso zezindlu zangaphandle umntu onokuyicinga ngephothifoliyo yakhe.
Kulula ukucinga ngokubhekiselele kumacandelo amakhulu apho utyalo-mali lwezakhiwo eziphantsi kwezakhiwo ezixhomekeke kwiintlobo ezikhethekileyo kunye neengxaki, iimpawu zezoqoqosho kunye neendleko zokuqeshisa, imigqaliselo yokuqeshiswa kwesintu, kunye neendlela zokuthengisa ngempahla yomhlaba. Iipropati zezindlu eziqhelekileyo zikwahlula kwiqela elilandelayo:
- Utyalo-mali lwezindlu zokuhlala- ezi ndawo zibandakanya utyalo-mali kwiindawo eziphathekayo ezixhomekeke ezindlwini okanye kwiindawo zokuhlala apho abantu okanye iintsapho zihlala khona. Ngamanye amaxesha, utyalo-mali lwalolu hlobo luyinxalenye yezoshishino zenkonzo, ezifana nezakhiwo zokuncedisa abantu abadala okanye izakhiwo ezizeleyo zabasebenzi abafuna amava okunethezeka. Iziqeshiso zivame ukuqhuba iinyanga ezili-12, zinike okanye zithathe iinyanga ezintandathu ukuya kwelinye icala, ezikhokelela ukulungiswa ngokukhawuleza kwimiqathango yemarike kunezinye iindidi zentengiso yezindlu.
- Utyalo-mali lwentengiso yezoshishino - Utyalo-mali lwezentengiso zorhwebo ngokubanzi luquka izakhiwo zeofisi. Ezi qeshiso zinokuthi zivalelwe kwiminyaka emininzi, zibangele ikrele elihlangene ngokuphindaphindiweyo. Xa utyalo-mali lwezentengiso zithengiswa ngokugcwele nabaqeshi bexesha elide abavumelene neerhafu eziqingqiweyo zokuqeshiswa kwexabiso, ukuhamba kwemali kuqhubeka nangona amaxabiso okuqeshisa kwiipropati ezifananisiweyo ziyawa (ukuba umqeshi akayi kuphawulwa). Ngakolunye uhlangothi, okuphambene ninyaniso - unokufumana ufumana izindleko zokuqeshisa ngexabiso-mali ngaphantsi kwezakhiwo zeseofisi ngenxa yokuba usayine iiyeshoni zexesha elide ngaphambi kokuba ireyithi zokuqeshisa zikhule.
- Utyalo-mali lwezakhiwo zorhwebo - Iipropati eziwela phantsi kwe-industrial estate umbrella zingabandakanya indawo yokugcina impahla kunye neendawo zokuhambisa, iiyunithi zokugcina, izakhiwo zokuvelisa, kunye nezityalo zendibano.
- Ukutsalwa kwetyala lokuthengisa izakhiwo - Abanye abatyalo-mali bafuna ukufumana iimpahla ezifana neendawo zokuthenga, iindawo zokurhweba, okanye izakhiwo zemveli. Abaqashi bangafaka ivenkile zokuthengisa, iinwele zeentlanzi, iivenkile zokutya kunye namashishini afanayo. Kwezinye iimeko, iirhafu zokuqeshisa ziquka ipesenteji yokuthengiswa kwevenkile yokuthengisa ukudala i-motivation ukuba umninikhaya enze okungangoko yena, yena, okanye unokukwazi ukwenza indawo yokuthengisa ekhangayo kubathengi.
- Utyalo-mali -mali onke-okubanjiswayo-lo lonke uhlobo xa umtyalomali eqala okanye athola ipropati ebandakanya iintlobo ezininzi zeengxowa-mali ezikhankanywe ngasentla. Ngokomzekelo, unokwakha isakhiwo sebali elininzi elinokuthengisa kunye neendawo zokutyela kumgangatho ophantsi, indawo yeofisi kwiindawo ezimbalwa ezilandelayo, kunye neendawo zokuhlala kwiindawo eziseleyo.
Unokuzibandakanya kwi-lending side ye-real estate utyalo-mali:
- Ukufumana ibhanki ebhala phantsi kwemali-mboleko kunye neengxowa-mboleko zentengiso. Oku kungabandakanya ubunikazi boluntu bamasitokethi . Xa umtyalo-mali okanye umtyalomali uhlalutya iibhanki zebhanki, uhlawulela ukunyamekela ukuboniswa kweempahla zebhanki.
- Ukubhalwa kwee-mortgages ezizimeleyo kubantu ngabanye, ngokuqhelekileyo kwizinga eliphezulu lokufumana inzala ekuhlawuleleni umngcipheko owongeziweyo, mhlawumbi kubandakanywa nokubonelelwa ngetyala.
- Ukutshala imali kwi-mezzanine, okuvumela ukuba ubolekise imali kwiprojekthi yendawo yokuhlala ongayiguqulela ekubeni ubunikazi bokulingana ukuba ingabuyiselwa. La maxesha ngamanye asetyenziswa ekuphuhliseni ama-franchises ehotele.
Kukho iingcali ezizodwa zophuhliso lwezindlu ezibandakanya:
- Ukuqeshisa indawo ukwenzela ukuba uncinci olubophelelwe kuyo, uphuculise, kwaye uhlawule ngokukodwa isithuba esinye kwabanye amazinga aphakamileyo kakhulu, ukudala ukubuyisela okungenakwenzeka kwimali. Umzekelo woshishino olusebenza kakuhle kwiofisi yeofisi kwisixeko esikhulu apho abasebenzi abancinci okanye abaselula abakwazi ukuthenga ixesha okanye ukuqeshisa iiofisi ezithile.
- Ukufumana izatifikethi zokubhalisa irhafu. Le ndawo yindawo esoteric yokutyalomali-mali kwaye ayifanelekanga ukukhutshwa kwezandla okanye abatyala abanamava kodwa ukuba-phantsi kweemeko ezifanelekileyo, ngexesha elifanelekileyo, kunye nomntu ofanelekileyo-kuvelisa ukubuyisela okuphezulu ukuhlawulela intloko kunye nobungozi obandakanyekayo.
I-Real Estate Investment Trust (REITs)
Ngaphezulu kwako konke, unako ukutyalomali kwi-real estate ngokusebenzisa into eyaziwa njenge-trust real estate investment, okanye REIT. Umtyalo-mali unokuthenga ii-REIT ngokusebenzisa i- akhawunti ye-brokerage , i- Roth IRA , okanye enye i- akhawunti yokugcina uhlobo. I-REIT iyingqayizivele ngenxa yokuba isakhiwo serhafu apho sisebenzisayo senziwa emva kwexesha lolawulo lwe-Eisenhower ukukhuthaza abatyala-mali abatsha ukuba batyathele kwiiprojekthi zezindlu eziyimpahla zabo ngaphandle kokuba bangakwazi ukuthenga, njengezakhiwo zokuthenga okanye iihotele. Iinkampani ezikhethileyo ukuhlawula i-REIT yerhafu ngaphandle kweRhafu yerhafu yengeniso kwimali yabo yenkampani kuphela nje ngokuba ilandela imithetho embalwa, kubandakanywa nemfuneko yokusabalalisa i-90% okanye ngaphezulu kweenzuzo kubanini-nxaxheba njengezabelo .
Elinye icala lokutshala imali kwi-REIT kukuba, ngokungafani neempahla eziqhelekileyo, izabelo ezihlawulwayo "azizuzi" izabelo ezifanelekileyo, oku kuthetha ukuba umnini akakwazi ukuxhamla amaxabiso athatywayo aphantsi atholakalayo amanqaku amaninzi. Kunoko, izabelo ezivela kwiitropati zokutsalwa kwezindlu zangaphandle zihlawulwa kwizinga lomntu ngamnye. Kwi-backside, i-IRS ilandele ukuba i-REIT izabelo eziveliswe ngaphakathi kwendawo yokukhusela irhafu efana ne- Rollover IRA ngokukodwa ayinakuxhomekeka kwerhafu yengeniso engahambelananga ukuze ubenakho ukubamba kwi-akhawunti yomhlala phantsi ngaphandle kokuxhalabisa ngokukrakra kwentela. , ngokungafani nobudlelwane obuncinane bokusebenzisana .
(Ukuba unomdla ekufundeni okungakumbi malunga nalezi ziqinisekiso, qalisa ngokukhangela i- Real Estate Investment ngokusebenzisa i-REIT , ehlanganisa i-REIT yobutyebi, ubulungisa, indlela yokusebenzisa i-REIT kwi-your own investment real estate benefit, kunye nokunye okuninzi.)
Ukutshala imali kwi-Real Estate ngokusebenzisa Ubunini bekhaya
Kuzo zonke izithuba zokutyalwa kweentengiso ezifumanekayo kubasomali-mali, umntu oqhelekileyo uya kufumana ilungelo lakhe lokuqala lobunini belifa: ngokuthenga ikhaya.
Andizange ndijonge ukuthengwa kwekhaya ngendlela efana nayo ininzi yoluntu. Endaweni yoko, ndikhetha ukucinga ngendawo yokuhlala yokuqala njengomxube woxanduva lomntu kunye nokulinganiswa kwemali, kwaye kungekhona ukutyalomali. Ukuze kubekho ngokuthe ngqo, ikhaya alikho utyalo-mali ngendlela efanayo nesakhiwo sezindlu. Eyona nto ibaluleke kakhulu, kwaye phantsi kwezona ziko zifanelekileyo, icebo elikhuselekileyo kukucinga ngekhaya njengoluhlobo lwe-akhawunti yokugcinwa ngokunyanzeliswayo okunika ubuninzi bokusetyenziswa kunye novuyo xa uhlala kuyo.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, njengoko usondela kumhlala phantsi, ukuba uthatha ingcamango epheleleyo yobutyebi bakho, ubunini bendlu (ngaphandle kwetyala kulo) lunye lwezityalo ezityebi kakhulu umntu anokuzenza. Akunakwenzeka kuphela ukuba ubulungisa bubekwe ngokusetyenziswa kwemicimbi ethile, kubandakanywa nemali-mboleko ye-reverse, kodwa ukuhamba kwemali okulondoloziweyo ekungabikho ukurenta ngokubanzi kwiziphumo zokulondolozwa kwenani-inxalenye yenkxaso eyayiya kumnini-mhlaba ihlala kakuhle kumninikhaya pocket. Esi siphumo sinamandla kangangokuba kwaze kwaba emva kowe-1920 ezoqoqosho bezama ukufumana indlela yokuba uRhulumente waseburhulumenteni ahlawule imali yokulondoloza imali ngokuqeshisela abanikazi bezindlu abanamatyala, bengacinga ukuba ngumthombo wembuyekezo.
Olu luhlobo oluthile lotyalo-mali, nangona-into eyaziwa ngokuba yi-"investment investment". Ngaba uqoqosho luye lwawa, xa nje unokuhlawula irhafu yepropati kunye nokugcina isiseko, akukho mntu unokukugxotha ekhaya lakho. Nangona kufuneka ukhulise ukutya kwakho kwintsimi, kukho inqanaba lokhuseleko lomntu apho kubalulekile. Kukho amaxesha ekubuyiselwa kwezemali kusekondari kwezinye, iingqwalasela ezingakumbi. Nantoni na oyenzayo, ke, ungazibingeleli ukuba uzame ukwakha ubulungisa kwiindawo zakho zokuthengisa iimpahla ngokukhawuleza, kuba oko kunokukhokelela kwintlekele (kubandakanywa ne-bankruptcy).
Ukuba ulondoloza ukufumana ikhaya, enye yeeposiso ezinkulu ndiyibona abatyala-mali abatsha bebeka imali yabo kwimarike yemasheya, mhlawumbi ngamasheya okanye iifowuni zemali . Ukuba unayo nayiphi na ithuba lokudinga imali yakho kwiminyaka emihlanu okanye ngaphantsi, awunaso ishishini ukuba uphi na kwi-market market. Endaweni yoko, kufuneka ulandele igunya lokutshala imali eyaziwa ngokuba yi- capital saving . Nazi iindawo ezifanelekileyo zokutshala imali osindisa ngayo ukuhlawula .
Yiyiphi Eyilungileyo - I-Real Estate Investing okanye Investing in Stocks?
Enye yemibuzo eqhelekileyo ndidibana nayo ibandakanya ukutsalana okunxulumene nokutshala imali kwiimasheya ngokumalunga nokutyalwa kwezindlu . Ingcaciso emfutshane kukuba kufana nokuthelekisa i-vanilla ne-chocolate ice cream. Bahluke, kwaye njengokuba inzuzo yakho ikhula, unokufumana nokuba zombini banendima ekufuneka bayidlale kulo lonke iphothifoliyo. Ubuntu bakho buya kwazisa isigqibo sakho, njengokuba abanye abantu bajongene nesimo sengqondo kubunini bempahla okanye ubunini bezindlu, ngokulandelanayo.
Izingozi ze-Real Estate Investment
Ipesenti enkulu yokubuyiswa kwezindlu zenziwa ngenxa yokusetyenziswa kwemilinganiselo. Ipropati yendawo yokuhlala ifunyenwe ngepesenteji yobulungisa, intsalela ehlawulwa ngetyala. Oku kubangela intlawulo ephezulu kwi-equity kwi-zimali-mali; kodwa ukuba izinto zihamba kakuhle, zingakhokelela ekubhubhiseni ngokukhawuleza kunokuba iphothifoliyo yama-stock evamile. (Enyanisweni nangona okokugqibela kuye kwehla ngo-90% kwiimeko eziphambili zoxinzelelo, kungabikho mntu onokukunyanzela ukuba uhlawule).
Yingakho abatyali-mali abanamalungelo abemi be-real estate baxhomekeke kwi-50% yokulinganiswa kwetyala-equity ratio okanye, kwiimeko ezimbi kakhulu, izakhiwo zengxowa- mali ezilinganayo eziyi-100%, ezinokuthi zivelise imbuyekezo emihle ukuba ixabiso leempahla ezikhethiweyo zikhethwe ngokuhlakanipha. UBillionaire uCharlie Munger uthetha ngomhlobo wakhe ngaphambi kokuwa kwezindlu zangoku-2007-2009. Lo mhlobo, umninimzi ocebile kakhulu eCalifornia, wayejonge ngexabiso eliphakamileyo kwiipropati zakhe waza wathi kuye: "Ndiyindle kunokuba ndiza ku funeka ndibekho. Akukho sizathu sokuba ndibeke ingozi ngenxa . " Lo mhlobo uthengise iipropati zakhe kwaye wasebenzisa imali yokuhlawula ityala kulabo abaseleyo abacinga ukuba bayona. Ngenxa yoko, xa uqoqosho luphelile, iimarike zezindlu zangaphandle ziphazamisekile, abantu belahlekelwa iipropati zabo ukuza kugqithisa, kwaye izibhanki zebhanki zaye zawa - akazange akhathazeke malunga naluphi na. Njengokuba iindleko ziyancitshiswa ngenxa yobunzima bezemali, oko konke kwakusasaza imali kwaye wayexhobile ngemali eyaqhubeka igcwalisa ngokwabo, yamvumela ukuba athathe inzuzo yokuthenga impahla leyo yanyanzeliswa ukuba ithengise.
Yeka ukuzama ukufumana ubutyebi ngokukhawuleza, kwaye unelisekile ukwenza okulungileyo. Uza kuba neengcinezelo ezincinci ebomini bakho, kwaye kuya kuba mnandi kakhulu.
Ezinye iingcamango zokugqibela kwi-Real Estate Investment
Ewe, oku kukuphela kohambo lwakho ukuqonda isihloko, njengoko sasiqhankqalaze phezulu. Utyalo-mali oluthile lithatha iminyaka yokusebenza, amava kunye nokubonakalisa ukuxabisa, ukuqonda nokuqonda.