Ukuqonda iiAkhawunti zeNkcazo zeMhlaba kunye neeMali
Yiyiphi i-Global Custody Authority kunye Nokuba kutheni abaTyalo-mali kufuneka baKhathalele
Xa uthenge isitokisi, isibophelelo, okanye olunye ukhuseleko, umthengisi ozikhethelayo wenza i- yorhwebo . Ilawula iphepha, lirekhode iinkcukacha zentengo evunyelweneyo phakathi kwamaqela, kwaye ilungise ukutshintshela imali kwi-satifiketi yesitokisi (okanye, kule mihla, ukungena kwikhompyutha) kwiincwadi zenkampani ngegosa lokudlulisa elibonisa ukuba ngoku asethi.
Ngokuqhelekileyo, amashishini ahlala kwiintsuku ezintathu zoshishino apha eMelika. Oku kuthetha ukuba ngumhla wokugqibela, kufuneka ubonise inxalenye yakho ye-deal - kule meko, imali ekhethiweyo yokugqiba ukuthengwa - kwaye iqela eliphikisanayo kufuneka libonise inxalenye yalo mthengiso-i-asethi ekufuneka kufuneka idluliselwe kwigama lakho. Ukungaphumeleli ukuhambisa okanye ukulungisa kungabangela izigwebo, iintlawulo kunye neengxaki ngamagunya okulawula.
Abatyalomali abancinci abanikezeli le nkqubo becinga kakhulu ngenxa yokuthengiswa kweefenethi zempahla zentengiso malunga nazo zonke, ngaphandle kokungabikho, ukugcinwa kwabasebenzi abancinci kunye neenkonzo zokuqhuba.
Ukuba ubeka u-R10 000 kwi-akhawunti kumthengisi ophuhlisayo njengo-E-Trade, ubeka imali kwi-akhawunti yakho yomrhwebi, faka urhwebo, khangela imali ethathwe kuwe ngokukhawuleza, kwaye izabelo ezifakwe kwi-akhawunti yakho ye-akhawunti.
Akunjalo, ngokwenene, okwenzekayo.E-Urhwebo lithatha imali yakho kwaye lubambe kuyo kuze kube ngumhla wokuhlawulela, ngoko uthabatha izabelo zakho.
Phantse kuzo zonke iimeko, abayi kubhalisa isitokethi egameni lakho ngqo, kodwa kunoko, baya kungena egameni labo ngelixa belikopishe njengomnini onenzuzo.
Kwimeko enjalo, kuthiwa isitifiketi sakho siphethwe "egameni lesitalato" ekubeni inkampani onayo ayinalo ukuba ungubani. Bavele babone iqumrhu lakho lokuthengisa umthengisi kwiqela labanikazi njengoko bebambelele egameni lakho.
Oku kukho zonke iintlobo zezibonelelo. Yenza ubomi bunzima kuwe, umnini-zimali. Unokuhlala uthenge kwaye uthengise ngentliziyo. Unako ukukhawuleza ubophe i-debt margin kwiibhanki zakho kunye neebhonksi, usebenzisa i-securities njengento yokubambisa xa ufuna ukuza ngemali ngokukhawuleza ngaphandle kokuqonda ukuzuza kwempembelelo yakho kunye nokulahlekelwa yintlawulo yeerhafu ezichaziweyo .
Kungcono, uninzi lwezinto ezihlawulelwayo zinyamekelwa ngabatyalimi abancinci kuba ukuba iqumrhu lakho lokuthengisa umrhweba liye laphazamiseka, kwaye lilungu le-SIPC, asikho isizathu esithile sokuxhalabisa kwiimeko ezininzi ngenxa yee-balance balance to Ama-500,000 ayi-500,000 aqinisekisiwe ukulwa nokungaphumeleli kwenkxaso-mali (i-cash component isezantsi uze uqaphele).
Le nkqubo yasungulwa emva kwee-1970 emva kwesithuba sokungaphumeleli kwindlu yabathengi abaphanga ama-investors kwaye bathumela ama-shockwaves kummandla wezemali.
Kwakubi kakhulu ngexesha lokuba uyise wexabiso lokutyalomali kunye nomcebisi kuWarren Buffett , uBenjamin Graham, wabhala kwincwadi yakhe yeklastiki I-Intelligent Investor ukuba wonke umntu otyalo-mali kufuneka acinge ukusebenzisa i-akhawunti yokugcina ebhankini lendawo ukuba azikhusele ngokwakhe.
Kubatyalomali abanemali engaphezulu kwama-$ 500,000 kwaye abafuna yonke impahla yabo egcinwe kwindawo enye, kwisitethi esisodwa; abafuna inkululeko yokuqesha umcebisi-mali obhalisiweyo , utyalo-mali ekusebenzisaneni okulinganiselwe , ubambe iibhondi ze-US Treasury kunye nezinye izinto ezixabisekileyo, ngelixa engakhathazeki malunga nomyinge we-inshorensi eyi-500,000; ilungiselelo lokugcinwa kwehlabathi jikelele, ngokukhethekileyo kunye neSebe lokuphathiswa kwebhanki (linemithetho eqhelekileyo kunabathengisi-mboleko abakhuselayo xa kunokwenzeka ukukhubazeka kweziko), yindlela yokuhamba.
Unako ukuhlawula ukuba ube nesithuba ngasinye esibhaliswe ngokuthe ngqo egameni lakho nge-DRS, okanye kwiNkqubo yokuBhalisa ngqo . Ukwabela imali, imakethe yemali okanye enye i-akhawunti yokuthengisa imali okanye ukufumana yonke intlawulo yakho, kwaye uyala umgcini wakho wokugcina umhlaba ukuba amkele nayiphi na ingenayo ukuthenga okanye ukuthengisa imiyalelo evela kubathengi abavunyiweyo osebenza nabo.
Umthengisi uqhuba nayiphi na into ethengisayo okanye uthengisa i-oda oyitshiloyo ukuba uyenze (okokuba ikholelwa ukuba uyilungele urhwebo - khumbula, ayinayo i-securities ukuze ihlole umgcini-mgcini ukuqinisekisa ukuba uya kugcina ukuphela kwakho kweengxoxo) kwaye umgcini-mgcini uthumela imali okanye ufumana i-asethi. Ngelo xesha, umgcini-mgcini ulawula ezinye iimbopheleleko ezinkulu, ezibizwa ngokuthi "i-aseset service". Ezi zixanduva zihlala ziquka, kodwa azikhawulelwanga ukuba:
- Ukubonelela ngembali yamanani emhla ngemihla okanye kwenyanga nganye ukuze ubone ukubaluleka kokubamba kwakho ngexesha elide kwizitatimenti zeakhawunti yakho.
- Ukuqinisekisa ukuba izabelo zakho kunye nomdla zifunyenwe ngokwezibhengezo zenkampani ezenziwe.
- Ukukwazisa ngezenzo zenkampani kunye nokusingatha nayiphi na iphepha eliyimfuneko (umzekelo, ukuhlukana kwempahla , ukunikezelwa kweethenda, iziphakamiso zokudibanisa).
- Iindleko zokulandelela ezihlawulwe kwii-akhawunti zakho ezahlukeneyo.
- Ukubonelela ngeenkcukacha zokuthengiswa kwemali ukuze ukwazi ukuba imali ekhululekile, engenakukhutshelwa kwemali ikhona nanini na ixesha.
- Ukusungula umkhondo wokuphicothwa kwamaphepha ukukhusela ubuqhetseba okanye ukuthengwa kweemali.
- Ukuququzelela ukuboleka kweemali zokubambisa imali ukuba ufuna ukwenza imali eyongezelelweyo ngokuvumela abathengisi abafutshane baboleke izabelo zakho.
- Ukulinganisa inani lezinga lokukhula kwonyaka kunyaka ukwenzela ukuba ubone indlela ekubanjwe ngayo.
Inxalenye "yehlabathi jikelele" yokugcinwa kwehlabathi jikelele idibanisa ezinye iinzuzo kubalimi-mali abafuna ukugcina impahla ngaphandle kwe-United States.
- Ukulinganisela kwemali kunokulandelwa, kwaye kulungiswe ukuphathwa, kwiimali ezininzi zehlabathi jikelele kwiintengiso ezininzi zehlabathi.
- Ukuqokelela ingeniso kwezinye iirhafu ezifana nomdla kwiibhondi zangaphandle .
- Ukusekwa kwemali yokunika ingxelo ngezantsi kukuvumela ukuba uguqulele ixabiso elilinganayo lempahla yakho yangaphandle kunye nemali nganoma nayiphi na ixesha ukuze ukwazi amandla okuthenga kwilizwe lakho.
- Ukusingatha imiba yombutho werhafu ekufumaneni izahlulelo zamazwe ngamazwe. Ngokomzekelo, abatyali-zimali baseMerika banelungelo lokuhlawula ixabiso lentlawulo eliphantsi kwe-15% kwiimali ezihlawulwa yienkampani zaseSwitzerland ezifana neNestlé. Ukuba ubambe iqela le-conglomerate yokutya ngokuqondile eSwitzerland, kunokuba ungadlulanga kwi-ADR, awufuni ukuba uhulumeni waseSwitzerland ugcine imali yakho ngaphezu kokuba bekufanele ube nelungelo lokugcina, nangona okwethutyana (unokufumana imali engaphezulu kwezo mali!). Umgcini-mhlaba welizwe ubala ingxelo yakho yengxelo yeentengo zangaphandle ukunika i-akhawunti yakho xa ifika ixesha lokufakela imbuyekezo yakho kunye ne-IRS ukuze unokubanga imali yokuhlawula imali okanye usebenze kunye nabasemagunyeni baseTsiss ukwenzela ukuba umlinganiselo we-15% wezantsi ungagcinwa kuqala. indawo.
Abanye Abanikezeli Abakhulu beeNkcazo zeNkcazo kunye neeNkxaso zeSizwe
I-Bhanki yaseNew York, i-State Street, i-Fidelity, i-Charles Schwab, i-TD Ameritrade, i-Scottrade, i-UMB Bank, i-US Bancorp, i-Northern Trust, i-JPMorgan Chase, i-Citigroup kunye ne-Mellon Financial zimbalwa nje zabanikezeli abakhulu basemhlabeni e-United States . ESwitzerland, i-Credit Suisse kunye ne-UBS ziphakathi kwamaziko amakhulu anikezela inkonzo. Kwenye indawo eYurophu, i-HSBC yindawo enkulu yokugcina umhlaba.
Ingakanani Iindleko zeeNkcukacha zeNkcazo zehlabathi
Njengenkonzo zokulawulwa kotyalo-mali, iinkonzo zokugcinwa kwehlabathi jikelele zivame ukuthengwa ngeentsebenziswano ngokuxhomekeke kwinqanaba lezinto ezikhoyo kunye nokubunzima kwezidingo zakho. Imali yempesheni kaMasipala, umzekelo, unokufumana iinkonzo zokugcina iinkonzo ezihlawulwa ngokungaphantsi kwe-1/2 yesiseko esisodwa-oko kuku-1 / 1,000th ye-1% - kwi-stock position yase-US ngonyaka, kunye neebhaksi ezimbalwa ngexesha lokuqhutyelwa kweentengiso (phezulu ukuya kumazwe angaphandle ngokuxhomekeke ekuphuhlisweni kwesizwe; umzekelo, uya kuhlawula encinane kwisitokhwe saseFransi kunokuba ungomnye kwilizwe lesithathu). Eminye, iincinci, iindleko zokugcinwa kwamanye amazwe zingabandakanya umrhumo wonyaka wamakhulu ambalwa, okanye amawaka ambalwa, iidola ngonyaka kunye necala elimiselweyo kwisithuba ngasinye kunye namanqaku amaninzi amanqaku.
Ishedyuli enkulu yebhanki yokugcinwa kwebhanki yehlabathi jikelele ndiyibonile kwangaphambili namhlanje ifuna imali yonyaka ye-$ 500 nganye nge-akhawunti kunye neengxelo zecandelo elisezantsi lemali ye-asethi ngonyaka kunye nemali encinci ye-$ 6,000 ngonyaka ngonyaka kwi-akhawunti ukuya kwii-50,000,000 zamawaka (zonke iifizi ezibalwe ubuncinane). Iingxelo zokugcina i-Global $ 50,000,000 ukuya kwii-100,000,000 zamawaka zahlawuliswa ngamanqaku ama-2.5 ngonyaka malunga neyona ntlawulo ye-akhawunti nganye.
Ukuze intsapho ephumelele edibanise iiligidi ezigidi zeedola, yile mpazamo yokujikeleza kwaye ngokuqinisekileyo iyakufanele uxolo lwengqondo kunye nokulungele ukuba nayo yonke indawo endaweni enye, uyazi ukuba awukho phantsi kokungaphumeleli kweziko. Kungakhathaliseki ukuba bangaphi na abaphathi beengcali, abacebisi, okanye abadayisi abasebenzisayo, inkunzi yakho ikhutshwe ngokukhuselekileyo kwi-akhawunti yokugcina; i-treasure treasure hoard apho yonke imisebenzi ihamba.
Ngokomntu, ndincoma ukuba ungazami ukuya kwinqanaba elincinci lokuncedisa ukugcinwa kweenkonzo kodwa kunoko, ngenkonzo. Umlondolozi olungileyo wenza ubomi bubelula kakhulu, kubandakanywa nabaphathi bezobutyebi. Khawucinge ukuba umntu wandiza kusasa waza wathi, "Yoshuwa, ndifuna ukuba uphathe ama-25,000,000 engama-25,000,000 kwintsapho yam kwintsapho kunye nemali yakho yentsapho.
Ndiza kukuhlawula i-flat 1.00% ngonyaka ukuqinisekisa ukuqokelelwa kweentengiso zehlabathi jikelele ngokugxininisa kwiYurophu, eMntla Melika, nase-Asia, yonke imbonakalo yeemali ezikhungulwayo, ukuba zonke iimali zentengiso ziqwalaselwe kodwa, ngokusemthethweni, ukhetho Amakhampani amancinci. "Ngelungiselelo le-akhawunti yokugcinwa kwe-akhawunti, andizange ndibe nexhala malunga nokunyaniseka okanye ukugcinwa kokugcina loo mali okanye ukujonga imida ye-inshorensi kwiifom ezininzi zokuthengisa.
Enyanisweni, andinako ukuyiphatha. Kunoko, ndinako ukulawula utyalo-mali kwaye ndenze umthengisi ukuba athenge okanye athenge iimpahla, amabhondi, ii-REIT kunye nezinye izinto. Umlondolozi uya kuphela ukukhulula iimali xa efumana ubungqina bemisebenzi endiyibeke kuyo. Kuwo wonke unyaka, i-pro-ratafee yam iya kuhoxiswa yi-arhente yokugcina kwaye ithunyelwe kwibhanki yam, ihlawule ngam inkonzo yam.
Umtyalo-mali uza kubona zonke iimali zeemali kwaye uyazi ngokukodwa oko kwenzekayo ngeakhawunti yakhe. Kuphumelele-wonke umntu ochaphazelekayo. Ivumela onke amaqela ukuba alale kangcono ebusuku. Akuyimali umntu omele afake umthwalo.