Sifuna i-NATO Ngoku ngakumbi kunoko
I-United States inika i-ezine yesine yebhajethi ye-NATO. Ngethuba likaMongameli we-2016 , uDonald Trump uthe amanye amalungu e-NATO kufuneka abe negalelo elininzi. I-Trump yaxela nokuba ingasebenzi.
Wacinga ukuba ugxile ekukhuseleni iYurophu ngokumelene neRashiya endaweni yokulwa nobugandlo.
Ngo-2017, iTump yaguqula isikhundla sakhe. Wavuma ukuba "engakwazi kakhulu malunga ne-NATO" ngexesha lophulo.
Injongo
Injongo ye-NATO kukukhusela inkululeko yamalungu ayo. Ngokomzekelo, ngoJulayi 8, 2016, i-NATO yamemezela yayiza kubathumela kuma-4,000 amabutho kumazwe aseBaltic nasempuma yePoland. Kuya kunyusa i-air and patrols ukuya ngaselunxwemeni lwalo lwempuma emva kokuhlasela kweRashiya kwi-Ukraine .
Iithagethi zalo ziquka izixhobo zokubhubhisa, ukukhukula, kunye ne-cyber. Ngomhla kaNovemba 16, 2015, i-NATO yasabela ekuhlaselweni kwamaphekula eParis. Yabiza indlela ehlangeneyo kunye neYurophu, iFransi kunye ne-NATO. Kungenxa yokuba iFransi ayizange ivakalise i-NATO yeSiqendu 5. Oko kwakuza kubhengezwa ngokusemthethweni kwemfazwe kwiqela lamazwe aseSilamsi. UFransi ukhethe ukuhlaselwa ngokwasemoyeni. Isiqendu 5 sichaza, "ukuhlaselwa ngokuxhomekeke kumnye ...
ziya kuthathwa njengesihlaselo kubo bonke. "
Isihlandlo kuphela se-NATO esenza iCandelo lesi-5 emva kokuhlaselwa kwamaphekula . Iphendule kwiimfuno zase-US zoncedo kwiMfazwe e-Afghanistan . Kwathatha ukukhokela ukususela ngo-Agasti 2003 ukuya kuDisemba 2014. Ekugqibeleni kwayo, yahambisa ama-130,000 amabutho. Ngo-2015, iphelile indima yayo yokulwa kwaye yaqalisa ukuxhasa amaqela ase-Afghan.
Ukukhuselwa kwe-NATO ayithethi kwimfazwe yoluntu okanye kwiingqungquthela zangaphakathi. Ngomhla ka-Julayi 15, 2016, umkhosi waseTurkey wachaza ukuba uthathe ulawulo loburhulumente. Kodwa uMongameli waseTurkey uRecep Erdogan wamemezela kwangethuba ngoJulayi 16 ukuba lo mbhikisho awuphumelelanga. Njengelungu le-NATO, iTurkey iya kufumana inkxaso yenkxaso yabalingani kwiimeko zokuhlaselwa. Kodwa xa kuthengiswa, ilizwe aliyi kufumana uncedo.
Injongo yesibini ye-NATO kukukhusela ukuzinza kommandla. Kuloo meko, iya kuvikela abangewona amalungu. Ngomhla ka-Agasti 28, 2014, i-NATO yamemezela ukuba yayinezithombe ezibonisa ukuba iRashiya yahlasela i-Ukraine. Nangona i-Ukraine ayilona ilungu, liye lasebenza kunye ne-NATO kule minyaka. Ukuhlasela kweRashiya kwe-Ukraine kwatshitshisa amalungu aseNATO aseduze. Baxhalabele amanye amazwe aseStars satellite awayeza kulandelayo.
Ngenxa yoko, intlanganiso ye-NATO kaSeptemba 2014 igxile kwi-Russia. UMongameli uPutin wathembisa ukudala "iRussia entsha" ephuma empumalanga ye-Ukraine. Ngokutsho kwinqaku le-Wall Street Journal, "I-US iqinisekisa i-NATO yokuSetyenziswa kweBaltics," eyapapashwa ngoSeptemba 4, 2014, i-US ithembisa ukwenza okuchaseneyo. UMongameli Obama wathembisa ukukhusela amazwe afana neLatvia, iLithuania kunye ne-Estonia.
I-NATO ngokwayo iyavuma ukuba "Ukugcina uxolo kuye kwaba nzima kunokuba kunzima ukuthula." Ngenxa yoko, i-NATO iyomeleza imibutho kwihlabathi.
Ngethuba lokudityaniswa kwehlabathi, uxolo lwe-transatlantic lube ngumzamo wehlabathi jikelele. Kugqitha ngaphezu kwamandla empi kuphela.
Amazwe eLungu
Amalungu angama-28 ase-NATO: i-Albania, iBelgium, iBrithani, iCroatia, iCzech Republic, iDenmark, i-Estonia, iFransi, i-Jamani, iGrisi, iHungary, iIceland , i-Italy, iLatvia, iLithuania, i-Luxembourg, iNetherlands, i-Norway, iPoland, iPortugal, iRomania, ESlovakia, eSlovenia, eSpain, eTurkey, e-United Kingdom nase-United States.
Ilungu ngalinye likhetha i-ambassador kwi-NATO. Banikezela ngamagosa ukuba bakhonze kwiikomiti ze-NATO. Bathumela igosa elifanelekileyo ukuxoxa nge-NATO ishishini. Oku kuquka umongameli welizwe, unkulumbuso-ntloko, umphathiswa wezeendaba zangaphandle okanye intloko yesebe yezokukhusela.
Ngomhla kaDisemba 1, 2015, i-NATO yamemezela ukwandiswa kwayo kokuqala ukususela ngo-2009. Yanikwa ubulungu eMontenegro.
I-Russia yasabela ngokubiza ukuba isistim esichengeni sokukhuseleko kwayo kazwelonke. Kuxhalabele inani lamazwe aseBalkan kunye nomda walo ojoyine iNATO.
U manyano
I-NATO ithatha inxaxheba kwimibandela emithathu. Okunyusa impembelelo yayo ngaphaya kwamazwe alo angama-28. IBhunga loXhumano lwe-Euro-Atlantic linceda amaqabane ukuba abe ngamalungu e-NATO. Iquka amazwe angama-23 angama-NATO axhasa injongo ye-NATO. Kwaqala ngo-1991.
Ingxoxo yeMediterranean ifuna ukuzinzisa eMiddle East. Amalungu angewona angama-NATO aquka iAlgeria, iYiputa, i-Israel, iJordan, i-Mauritania, i-Morocco kunye neTunisia. Kwaqala ngowe-1994.
I-Initiative Cooperation Initiative isebenza uxolo kulo lonke elaseMiddle East. Iquka amalungu amane eKhansile yeGulf Cooperation . ZiyiBahrain, i-Kuwait, iQatar kunye ne-United Arab Emirates. Kwaqala ngo-2004.
I-NATO isebenzisana namanye amazwe asibhozo kwimicimbi yokhuseleko. Kukho ezintlanu e-Asia. Zi-Australia, Japan , Republic of Korea, Mongolia, naseNew Zealand. Kukho ezimbini eMbindi Mpuma: i-Afghanistan ne-Pakistan.
Imbali
Amalungu esiseko aseNATO asayinwe isivumelwano seNorth Atlantic ngo-Ephreli 4, 1949. Injongo ephambili ye-NATO yayikukhusela iintlanga zamalungu malunga nemikhosi kumazwe angama-communist. I-United States nayo yayifuna ukugcina ubukho eYurophu. Wayefuna ukukhusela ukuhlaselwa kobuzwe obundlobongela kunye nobudlelwane bezopolitiko. Ngale ndlela, i-NATO yenza i-European Union inokwenzeka.
I-NATO kunye neMfazwe yeCold
Ngexesha leMfazwe yeCold, i-NATO imishini yandisa ukukhusela imfazwe yenyukliya. Emva kokuba iNtshona Jamani ijoyine i-NATO, amazwe wamaKhomanisi akha i-Warsaw Pact. Oku kuquka i-USSR, iBulgaria, iHungary, iRomania, iPoland, iCzechoslovakia kunye ne-East Germany . Ekuphenduleni, i-NATO yamkela umgaqo-nkqubo othi "Ukubuyisela Okukhulu". Yathembisa ukusebenzisa izixhobo zenukliya ukuba iPact ihlaselwe. Umgaqo-nkqubo wokunqandwa kwe-NATO wanika iYurophu ukugxila ekuphuculweni koqoqosho. Kwakungekho nto yokwakha imikhosi emikhulu.
ISoviet Union yaqhubeka nokwakha impi yayo. Ekupheleni kweMfazwe yeCold, yayichitha ngokuphindwe kathathu oko i-United States yayinomdla wesithathu kuphela. Xa iWall Berlin yawa ngo-1989, ngenxa yezoqoqosho kunye nezizathu zobuqu.
Emva kokuba i-USSR yachithwa ngasekupheleni kweminyaka yee-1980, ubuhlobo be-NATO kunye neRussia bayihlutha. Ngomnyaka ka-1997, basayina uMthetho we-NATO-Russia owawungumthetho wokwakha intsebenziswano. Ngo-2002, baqulunqa iBhunga le-NATO-Russia ukuba bahlanganyele kwiinkalo zokhuseleko.
Ukuwa kwe-USSR kwakhokelela ekubambeni kwintlupheko kwi-satellite yayo yangaphambili. I-NATO yabandakanyeka xa imfazwe yaseYugoslavia yaba yintshaba. Inkxaso yokuqala ye-NATO ye-United Nations embargo yemikhosi yabangela ukunyanzeliswa kwe-zone-fly fly. Ulwaphulo-mthetho ke lwakhokelela ezinqwelweni ezimbalwa kwaze kwaba ngoSeptemba 1999. Yilapho i-NATO iqhube umkhankaso womoya weentsuku ezithoba ophelile imfazwe. NgoDisemba waloo nyaka, i-NATO yasebenzisa amandla okugcina uxolo lwamasosha angama-60,000. Okuphelile ngo-2004 xa i-NATO idlulisele lo msebenzi kwi-European Union.