IiNzuzo kunye neNqabileyo ye-Eurobonds
Ezi zibizwa ngokuba yi- Eurobond ziye zaziwa ngokugqithisileyo ngokunyuka kwehlabathi . Kule nqaku, siza kujonga i-eurobonds, izibonelelo zabo kunye neengxaki, kunye nendlela abatyala-mali abasemhlabeni abangayisebenzisa ngayo imali.
Yiyiphi i-Eurobonds?
Ngowe-1963, i-Autostrade, inethiwekhi yomthamo we- Italy , yakhupha izibophelelo zonyaka ezi-60 000 ezinamaxabiso angama-$ 250 e-dollar kunye ne-5.5 yeepesenti yonyaka. Inkampani ikhethe ukukhupha iibhondi kwi-dollar yase-US endaweni yeLira yaseTaliyane ukuphepha iRhafu yoLungelelwano lweMali e-United States. Iibhondi zaba ngama-eurobond yokuqala ehlabathini kuba zikhutshwe eItali kwaye zikholelwa kwiidola zase-US kunokuba i-Italian lira.
I-Eurobonds, okanye izibophelelo zangaphandle, zizibophelelo zamazwe ngamazwe ahlanganiswe ngemali ngaphandle kweyo mkhupheli. Naphezu kwegama labo, i-eurobondo ayinayo i- euro kwaye inokuthatha iindidi ezahlukeneyo. I-Euroyen ne-Eurodollar iibhondi, umzekelo, zibizwa ngeenJapan kunye ne-US dollar, ngokulandelanayo.
Uninzi lweebhanki zizibhanki eziphathekayo zithengiswa ngekhompyutha ngokusebenzisa izindlu zokucoca, njenge-Euroclear kunye ne-Clearstream.
Ama-eurobound amaninzi aneempawu ezikhethekileyo eziqhelekileyo ezisetyenziswa phakathi kwabahwebi kunye nabatyalomali. Ngokomzekelo, igama elibizwa ngokuba yiSamurai bond libhekisela kuma-euro aseJapan, ngelixa ibhondi ye-Bulldog ibhekisela kwiiprayimari zaseBrithani.
Kubalulekile ukuba uqaphele ukuba i-eurobonds ayifani ngokufanayo kunye nezibophelelo zangaphandle. Iibhondi zangaphandle zibophelelo ezikhutshwa ngabarhwebi belizwe langaphandle kwiimarike zasekhaya zelizwe kwaye zibizwa ngemali yazo. Nangona kunjalo, izibophelelo zangaphandle zibhalwa yinkampani yasebhanki yasekhaya ngokuhambelana nemithetho yempahla yasekhaya yasekhaya, ngelixa i-eurobondo ayibandakanyeli ukubhalisa okanye ukubaluleka kweemfuno (ngoko ke ukubophelela kwabo kubambiswano).
Kubalulekile ukuba uqaphele ukuba i-Eurobond yekota - ene-capital "E" - ibhekisela kwisiphakamiso esingavumelaniyo sobambiswano oludibeneyo olukhishwe ngamazwe ase- Eurozone . Njengobhanki edibeneyo, i-Eurobonds iya kuncedisa iindleko ezibolekisayo kubantu abangenamandla kwi-Eurozone, njenge-Italy okanye iSpeyin.
IiNzuzo kunye neeDrafti
Inzuzo enqwenelekayo ye-eurobond, xa kuthelekiswa nokubophelela kwamanye amazwe, imfuneko yokulawula esinciphile kunye nokuguquguquka okukhulu. Izaziso ze-Eurobond zilawulwa yimveliso yeemarike kunokuba i-arhente esemthethweni, eyenza abathumeli baphephe iphepha lokulawula, ukunciphisa iindleko, kwaye ekugqibeleni bakhuphe iibhondi ngokukhawuleza. Abaxhasi nabo banokuguquguquka kokukhupha izibophelelo kwilizwe kunye nemali ekhethiweyo.
Kubatyalomali, ii-euroboni zinikela ngexabiso eliphantsi kunye kwaye azixhomekekanga kwiirhafu ezifana nezibophelelo zamanye amazwe.
Ubunji bebhanki bokuba i-eurobonds kuthetha ukuba iinkampani akudingeki ukuba zichaze iintlawulo zenzalo kubaphathi beerhafu, oko kuthetha ukuba kufikelela kubantu ngabanye ukuvakalisa ingeniso. Ukhuphiswano lukhulu kakhulu kwimarike ye-eurobond kuneemarike zebhanki zangaphandle, eziguqulela kwixabiso lokuncintisana kunye nokuthengwa kwempahla.
Impembelelo ephambili yeebhanki kukuba ayinakulawulwa ngabalawuli basekhaya, ezinokunyusa ingozi. Abatyalomali kufuneka baphathe ukubala kunye nokurhoxisa irhafu ngokwabo kunokuba bachithe ngokuzenzekelayo okanye baxelelwe kubaphathi berhafu. Kwaye ekugqibeleni, abatyali-mali kufuneka bathathe inxaxheba kuyo nayiphi na ingozi yokutshintshiselana kwamanye amazwe enxulumene nemiba, enokuthi ibe yintliziyo xa ijongene nemarike ekhulayo okanye emida.
Indlela yokuTyala imali kwi-Eurobonds
I-Eurobonds ingathengwa ngendlela efanayo nezinye iibhondi kwii-stock exchange exchanges.
Okwangoku, i-Luxembourg Stock Exchange kunye neLondon Stock Exchange yizona zimbini ezinkulu zokutshala imali kwiimali ze-euro, kodwa kukho imiba emininzi kwihlabathi.
Abatyalomali abajonge kulezi zibophezelo kufuneka baqiniseke ukuba baqhube ngokukhawuleza ukuqinisekisa ukuba banako ukukhululeka kunye nemigangatho kunye nobungozi obuhambelana nezibophelelo. Ezi zibophelelo mazifakwe kwakhona njengenxalenye yeepotifoliyo eyahlukeneyo ukunciphisa iingozi ezivela kuyo nayiphi na ilizwe elilodwa, imali okanye i-asethi yeklasi. Ingcinga efanelekileyo ukubonisana nomcebisi wezezimali okanye umthengisi ngaphambi kokuthenga i-eurobound ukuqonda ngokucacileyo le miba yengozi.