Ukukhuselwa kunye neMpembelelo wayo kwiiNtsalo zeMali
Ukukhuselwa yilizwi eliqhelekileyo lisetyenziswe kwimidiya yezemali, kodwa ingqiqo ayiqondwanga ngokubanzi luluntu jikelele. Ngelixa abaninzi abantu bevuma ukuba igama lichazwe ngolu hlobo, abantu abafanayo baya kuthethwa ngesidingo sokukhusela imisebenzi yasekhaya yasekhaya yokuvelisa kwiimveliso zithengi zithengisa kwi-market evela kwiChina okanye eJapan .
Kule ngqaku, siza kujonga ukuba kukuphi ukukhusela ukukhusela, iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zokukhusela, kunye neengxabano kunye nokuchasene nemigaqo-nkqubo yokukhusela.
Ukuchaza ukuKhusela
Ukukhuselwa kuqulethwe imigaqo-nkqubo yezoqoqosho eyanqanda ukuhweba phakathi kwamazwe ukuze kukhuthazwe "ukhuphiswano olufanelekileyo" phakathi kokungeniswa kwezinto ezivela ekhaya. Ngokomzekelo, iUnited States inokuvakalelwa kukuba i-China ayinakulinganisela imali yayo ukwenza izinto zithengiswa ngaphandle kwaye zibeke umrhumo kwimpahla ethile evela ezweni. Iirhafu kuphela enye indlela yokukhusela.
Uninzi lwexesha, ukukhusela kubangelwa ngumnqweno wokunceda abenzi bezakhiwo zasekhaya ngokubenzela ukuncintisana nokuthengiswa kwempahla . Kwaye amaxesha amaninzi, le miqweno ivela kwimarike emisebenzi emathakathaka enokuphuculiswa kunye nemisebenzi yokukhiqiza yasekhaya. Ngelishwa, i-economists zikholelwa ukuba ezininzi zale mizamo inokungahambi kakuhle.
Kwezinye iimeko, urhulumente unokufuna kuphela ukukhusela ishishini elinye lobuchule. Ngokomzekelo, amazwe amaninzi afake iintlawulo kwiipaneli ze-photovoltaic zelanga zaseShayina emva kokuba ilizwe liqale ukulahla kwiimarike zomhlaba emva kokunciphisa imfuno kunye nokunikezelwa kwexesha. Injongo yayikukukhusela imisebenzi yazo yasekhaya kunye nokuqinisekisa ukhuseleko lwamandla kwixesha elizayo.
Iintlobo zoKhuselo
Ukukhuselwa kunenkcazo ebanzi equka iinkqubo ezahlukeneyo zoqoqosho ezijoliswe ekunciphiseni urhwebo nokukhuthaza abakhiqizi basekhaya. Ukusuka kwiirhafu ezintsha ukuya kwiimimiselo zongeniso, le nkqubo iphunyezwa ngamashishini asakhulayo kunye noqoqosho oluphuhlisiweyo ngokufanayo, kwaye unokuba nefuthe elibi kwizorhwebo mahala.
Ezinye zeenkqubo ezikhuselekileyo zokukhusela ziquka:
- Ukungenisa iintlawulo - Ukurhweba iimpahla ezingeniswayo kwandisa indleko kubathumeli kwaye kuphakamisa intengo yeempahla ezithunyelwa ngaphandle kwiimarike zendawo.
- Ukungenisa ii-Quotas - Ukunciphisa inani leempahla ezinokuveliswa phesheya kwaye kuthengiswa ngaphakathi komda ukhuphiswano lwangaphandle kwimarike yasekhaya.
- Inkxaso-mali yasekhaya - Iindleko zokuxhaswa okanye ukubonelela ngemali-mboleko engancinci kwiinkampani zasemakhaya zonyusa ukhuphiswano lwazo kumazwe angaphandle.
- Intlawulo yokuShintshana - Ukungenelela kwimarike yangaphandle (forex) ukuthengiswa kwexabiso lemali kunokunyusa iindleko zokungeniswa kwamanye amazwe nokunciphisa iindleko zokuthumela ngaphandle.
- Imithintelo yokuLawula - Imimiselo engqongqo karhulumente inokubeka imithwalo emikhulu kwimveliso yokungeniswa kwamanye amazwe, okwenze kube nzima ukuwathengisa kwiimarike zasekhaya.
Iindleko zoKhuselo
Kukho umbuzo omncinci phakathi kwezoqoqosho ukuba ukukhuseleka kukulimaza, kunye neendleko ezigqithiseleyo ngaphezu kwexesha elide.
Inzuzo yokuqhathanisa inikezela ezininzi iingcamango kule ngxabano, ithi amazwe amabini angazuza kwi-intengiso yamahhala, nangona enye isebenza kakuhle kwimveliso yazo zonke iimpahla kunezinye.
Ngokomzekelo, cinga ukuba iChina inokuvelisa ii-10 zamayeza kunye neefowuni ezili-10 ngeyure, ngelixa i-US ingavelisa izixhobo ezi-3 kuphela okanye iiyure eziyi-6 ngeyure ngeyure. I-US inomsebenzi othelekisa kumathoyizi kwaye ingawathengisa kunye neChina ngezixhobo. Ngaphandle kokurhweba, ixabiso leendleko nganye kwindlela yokudlala yayingama-2 amathoyizi, kodwa loo ndleko ingancitshiswa kwi-1 yokudlala ngokuthengisa kunye neChina.
Ezi ngcamango zingabonakala zingenangqiqo kubangaboni-mali, kodwa zibaluleke kakhulu ukuba ziqonde kubapolitiki kunye nabatyalomali bamazwe ngamazwe bacinga ngemilinganiselo yemigaqo-nkqubo yokukhusela kwixesha elide loqoqosho loqoqosho.
Iziphakamiso zoKhuselo
Nangona iinkolelo ezithathwa ngabaninzi bezoqoqosho, zikhona ezinye iingcali zezoqoqosho ezithetha ukukhusela. Uninzi lwaba qoqosho lugxininisa ukuba ukuhamba kweendleko kwihlabathi jikelele kunciphisa inzuzo enokuqhathaniswa, ekubeni i-capital ingashukunyiswa kuyo nayiphi na iindleko eziphantsi kakhulu ukulandela inzuzo epheleleyo, ngaloo ndlela ikhuphe isiseko esisisiseko.
Abaxhasi be-protectionism baqhubeka bathi ukuphantse kwamanye amazwe athuthukile aphumelele ngokuphumelelayo iinkqubo zokukhusela. Umzekelo, imboni yemoto yase-United States ibe ngumxhamli oqhubekayo wokukhusela kwaye ikhule ngokubanzi kuninzi kwiminyaka emininzi edlulileyo, nangona ukhuphiswano oluncinci oluvela kwiJapan naseJamani.
Ezi ngxabano zibonakala zizinyathelo kwiimeko ezithile, kodwa kunzima ukucacisa isizathu kunye nesiphumo xa ukhangela isizathu sokuba imboni ethile iphumelele. Ngokomzekelo, imboni ye-auto auto yase-US inokuphumelela naphezu kokukhuseleka ngenxa yemigangatho ephezulu okanye ukuthengiswa okungcono.
Amaphuzu athathweyo
- Ukukhuselwa kunemiqathango yezoqoqosho ezenzelwe ukukhawulelana nokurhweba ngokukhululekileyo nokukhuthaza ukuveliswa kwekhaya kunye neemveliso ezivelisayo.
- Iingxowa-mali ezininzi zithi ukukhuseleka kunempembelelo embi ekukhuleni koqoqosho, kodwa kukho iingxoxo kumacala omabini.
- Amazwe amaninzi athuthukile asebenze ngokukhawuleza imigaqo-nkqubo yokukhusela, ngelixa iimarike eziphumayo zihlala zixhasa ukuhweba kwamahhala kumaxesha amaninzi.