Ukukhutshwa kwebhanki yinkqubo yenkundla ekhutshwe ekupheleni kweSahluko 7 okanye kwiCandelo le- 13 elikukhuphayo kwiimbopheleleko zakho zokuhlawula ityala. Kufuneka uzalise zonke iimfuno zecala lakho lokubhankqalaza ukuze ufumane ukukhutshwa. Emva kokuba ityala likhutshwe, umbolekisi akavumelekile ukuba athathe inxaxheba kweso sikwere kwakhona. Oku kuquka ukubiza, ukuthumela iileta, okanye ukuxolisa phezu kwetyala.
Ababolekisi nabathengisi, ke ke, banokunyanzelisa nayiphi na imimiselo enxulumene namatyala aqinisekileyo. Bangakwazi ukuphinda bathengise kwaye bathengise nayiphina impahla ehambelana nekhonkco, nangona emva kokuba ityala elidibeneyo likhutshwe.
Ziziphi iindleko ezikhutshwayo kwi-Bankruptcy?
Yintoni enokukhutshwa kwaye isixa sokukhutshwa siya kuxhomekeka ekubeni uyayifaka iSahluko 7 okanye iSahluko 13 se-bankruptcy. KwiSahluko 7 ukuchithwa kwemali, umphathiswa uyahlula impahla yakho yokungahlawulwanga phakathi kwababolekisi bakho kwaye nayiphi na ityala elisele liza kukhutshwa. KwiSahluko 13 sokutshatyalaliswa kwemali, ufaka icebo lokubuyisela elihlawula yonke into okanye ininzi yetyala lakho. Ekupheleni kwesicwangciso sakho sokubuyiselwa, ityala elisele liya kukhutshwa.
Iingxowa ezinokuthi zikhutshwe kwi-bankruptcy zibandakanya izikwereti zamakhadi-ngetyala, iibhiliji zonyango, izahlulelo zetyala, iimboleko zemali, izibophelelo phantsi kweqeshiso okanye enye inkontileka kunye namanye amatyala angakhuselekanga. Kukho iintlobo zeetyala, nangona kunjalo, ezingenakukhutshwa kuyo nayiphi na uhlobo lokutsalwa kwebhanki.
Iingxowa ezingenakukhutshwa kwiSahluko 7 Ukuchithwa
Icandelo 523 (a) yeKhowudi ye-Bankruptcy ichaza iintlobo zeetyala ezingenakukhutshwa. Iingxowa ezingenakukhutshwa kwiSahluko 7 sokutshatyalaliswa ziquka:
- Izibophelelo zasekhaya ezifana nenkxaso yabantwana, i-alimony kunye namanye amatyala ahlawulwa phantsi kwesivumelwano somtshato
- Ezinye iintlawulo, izigwebo, nokubuyiswa okubangelwa ngumsebenzi wobugebengu
- Iirhafu ezithile, kubandakanywa irhafu yentlawulo yerhafu, iirhafu zepropati eziye zabangelwa kunyaka odluleyo, kunye neerhafu zoshishino
- Iindleko zeNkundla
- Iimali ezivela kwi-DUI
- I-Condo okanye ezinye iirhafu zombutho wabanini-ntlawulo ezihlawulwe emva kokuba ufake ifayile
- Imali mboleko yokuhlala phantsi
- Iingxowa ezingakhange zikhutshwe kwi-bankruptcy yangaphambili
- Iingxowa ongayibhalwanga kwi-bankruptcy yakho
Kunzima kakhulu kwaye kungenakukwazi ukukhupha iimali-mboleko zabafundi kwi-bankruptcy.
Ababolekisi banokucela ukuba amatyala athile angakhutshwa aquka amatyala ayenzeka ngokusebenzisa ubuqhetseba, naziphi na izityebi ezinokuthi zihlawulwe kwiinyanga eziphambi kwakho, okanye amatyala avela kwizenzo ezinqwenela kwaye ezinobungozi njengentonga, ukuthumba, ukuchithwa, ukuchithwa okanye ukunyelisa.
Isahluko 13 sivumela ukuba ezinye iitalato zikhutshwe ezingenakukhutshwa kwiSahluko 7. Oku kubandakanya: amatyala emitshato esakhiwe kwisivumelwano somtshato (kungekhona ukuxhaswa okanye ukuxhaswa), iintlawulo zeenkundla, amatyala athile ahlobene neerhafu, iirhafu zombutho, amatyala eemboleko zemhlala-phantsi, kunye namatyala awakwazi ukukhutshwa kwi-bankrupt yangaphambili.
Iingxowa ezingenakukhutshwa kwiSahluko 13 Ukuchithwa
Ngaphantsi kweSahluko 13, unokufumana ukukhutshwa kwintsholongwane emva kokugqiba isicwangciso sakho sokubuyisela.
Amanye amatyala awakwazi ukukhutshwa phantsi kweSahluko 13 sokuchithwa, kuquka:
- Ukuxhasa abantwana kunye ne-alimony
- Ezinye iintlawulo, izigwebo, nokubuyiswa okubangelwa ngumsebenzi wobugebengu
- Iirhafu ezithile, kubandakanywa irhafu yentlawulo yerhafu, iirhafu zepropati eziye zabangelwa kwiminyaka emithathu edluleyo, kunye neerhafu zoshishino
- Amatyala avela kwizenzo zamanqweno okanye ezinobungozi (ngokuzenzekelayo azithwale)
- Iingxowa ongayibhalwanga kwi-bankruptcy yakho
- Iingxowa ezenziwayo ngenxa yokulimala okanye ukufa kubangelwa ukuqhuba ngokutsha
- Iingxowa ezivela kukukhwabanisa okanye ukuthengwa kwezinto ezinokuthengwa kwezinto ezinokungenakukwazi ukukhutshwa kwi-bankruptcy
- Umtyala wesikolo-mboleko semali cishe awukwazi ukukhutshwa kwi-bankruptcy
Kuthatha ixesha elingakanani ukufumana ukukhutshwa kweNgxowa-mali?
Ngokutsho kweeNkundla zaseUnited States, ukukhutshwa kweSahluko 7 sokutshatyalaliswa ngokuqhelekileyo kubakho malunga neenyanga ezine emva komhla ofake isicelo sakho sokubhenela.
KwiSahluko 13, ukukhutshwa kwenzeka emva kokuba zonke iintlawulo zenziwe phantsi kwesi cwangciso se-bankruptcy, eziphakathi kweminyaka emithathu nantlanu. Ukuba awuwuthathi ikhosi efanelekileyo yokulawula imali, inkundla inokukhanyela ukukhutshwa kwebhanki yakho.
Xa izikweletu zakho zikhutshiwe, ikopi yomyalelo iya kuthunyelwa kubo bonke ababolekisi bakho kunye ne-trustee yase-United States, umphathiswa kwiimeko zakho zokubhankqalaza, kunye nommeli we-trustee. Lo myalelo uquka isaziso sokuba ababolekisi abafanele bazame ukuqokelela kwiimali-mboleko okanye bafumana isohlwayo ngenxa yokudelelwa. Qinisekisa ukuba ugcina ikopi yomyalelo wokukhutshwa kunye nawo onke amaphepha e-bankruptcy, ngoko akufanele uhlawule ukufumana ikopi kamva. Ungasebenzisa ikopi yala maphepha ukulungisa imiba yeengxelo zemboleko okanye ukujongana nababolekisi abazama ukuqokelela kuwe emva kokukhutshwa kwe-bankruptcy.
Ukuba naliphi na umboleki-mboleko uzama ukuqokelela ityala elikhutshwe kuwe, unokufakela isikhalazo enkundleni kwaye inkundla ivuliwe kwakhona. Umboleki-mali angahlawuliswa yinkantolo ithola ukuba umboleki-mali uphule umyalelo wokukhutshwa komyalelo. Ngaphambi kokuya kuloo ndlela, zama ukuthumela ikopi yakho yokukhutshwa komyalelo wokuyeka ukuqokelela umsebenzi kwaye ukuba oko kungasebenzi, khuluma nommeli we-bankrupt malunga nokuthatha isenzo somthetho.
Indlela Ukuchithwa Kwebhanki Yakho Kuchaphazela Abaniki
Ngelishwa, i-bankruptcy yakho iya kuba nefuthe nawaphi na abanikazi beakhawunti okanye ababhali be-akhawunti. Ngelixa uxanduva lwakho lwetyala luyasuswa ekukhutshweni kwe-bankruptcy, i-cosigner ekhoneni le-balance balance of the debt. Ukukhuselwa kwakho kwe-bankruptcy akufaki kubalimi abafake izicelo kunye nabo. Ababolekisi bavumelekile ukuba baqokelele okanye bathethelele umxhasi we-matyala. Kodwa unokwenza ngokuzithandela, wenze iintlawulo kwi-matyala ukuqinisekisa ukuba ihlawulwe ngokupheleleyo, ngakumbi ukuba ufumene inzuzo kwi-matyala.
Ukukhutshwa kweNgxowa-mali kunye neNgxelo yakho yeMboleko
Ukuchithwa kwe-Bankruptcy akuthinteli ixesha lokunika imali ye - credit-limit for the bankruptcy , eliyiminyaka esixhenxe ukususela ngomhla wokufowunelwa kweSahluko 13 ukuchithwa kwemali kunye neminyaka eyi-10 ukususela kumhla wokufowunelwa kweSahluko 7. Iingxelo ezinxulumene ne-bankruptcy zingasuswa kwingxelo yakho yekhredithi phambi kokuba i-bankruptcy, ingakumbi ukuba umhla wobugqwetha ungaphambi kokufakela. I-bankruptcy, nangona kunjalo, iza kuqhubeka zidweliswe kwingxelo yakho ye-credit kwingxenye yolwazi lwabasebenzi kwixesha elivumelekileyo.