Imfazwe yoRhwebo loLuntu lonke liya kuphakamisa amaxabiso
Imfazwe yokurhweba iqala xa uhlanga luzama ukukhusela imboni yasekhaya nokudala imisebenzi. Ngethuba elifutshane, lingasebenza. Kodwa ekuhambeni kwexesha, imfazwe yokurhweba iya kubangela imisebenzi kunye nokukhula koqoqosho kuwo onke amazwe achaphazelekayo.
Imfazwe Yezohwebo yase-US ngeChina
Ngomhla kaJanuwari 22, 2018, uMongameli uTrump wabeka iirhafu kunye neengqapheli kwii-panels zelanga kunye nezitshini zokuhlamba. I-China nayo iyinkokeli yehlabathi kwizinto zokusebenza zelanga. I-World Trade Organisation yagweba ukuba i-United States yayingenayo ityala ekuhlawuleni irhafu.
Ngo-Matshi 8, 2018, iTump yacela iChina ukuba iphuhlise isicwangciso sokunciphisa i-$ 375 yeebhiliyoni ze- US ngokwemali yee-$ 100 zeebhiliyoni. I-China iyakwazi ukufumana ingcamango. Icandelo leSicwangciso sohlengahlengiso loqoqosho lwe-China kukunciphisa ukuxhomekeka kwayo kwii- export . Kodwa ilumkisa ukuba akukho nto enokuyenza, kuba ilahleko ikhutshwa ngumlinganiselo ophezulu waseMelika wezinto eziphantsi kweendleko zesiTshayina.
Ngo-Matshi 22, ngo-2018, ulawulo lweTrump lukhuphe i-ante. Ingqonge ukuba iya kuhlawula irhafu kwi-60 yeebhiliyoni zeengeniso ezivela kwiChina. Ulawulo lwaluthi luya kunciphisa ukuthunyelwa kweteknoloji yase-US kwiinkampani zaseTshayina. I-China idinga iinkampani zangaphandle ezifuna ukuthengisa iimveliso eChina ukuze zibelane ngeemfihlo zabo zorhwebo ngeenkampani zaseTshayina.
I-China yasabela ngokuvakalisa iintlawulo kwi $ 3 billion kwiziqhamo zase-US, ingulube, i-aluminium esebenziweyo kunye neepayipi zensimbi.
Ngo-Matshi 26, ngo-2018, ulawulo lweTrump lwaqala ukuthetha ngokuthula kunye namagosa ezohwebo aseTshayina. Ulawulo lujolise kwizicelo ezintathu. Ingathanda ukuba iChina iyanciphise iirhafu zayo kwiimoto zase-US.
Ifuna iChina ukuba ifake ii-semiconductors ezininzi ze-US. Iinkampani zaseMerika zifuna ukufikelela okukhulu kwiinkampani zeChina.
Ngo-Apreli 3, ngo-2018, ulawulo lweTrump lwazisa amaxabiso angama-25 e-$ 50 yezigidigidi kwiiShayina zithengiswa nge-electronics, i-aerospace kunye noomatshini. Iinkampani ziye zaze zenzeke ngoMeyi 22. Urhulumente uneminye imihla engama-180 ngaphambi kokuthatha isigqibo sokuqhubela phambili.
I-China yabuyisela emva kweeyure. Ivakalise amaxabiso angama-25 eepesenti ezingama-50 zamaRandi ase-United States. Ezi zinto aziyi kusebenza ngokukhawuleza.
Iintlawulo zeTshayina ezijoliswe kwiimveliso ezili-106. Ezi ziquka iibhiliyoni ezili-12 zeebhiliya kwi-soybean yase-US. I-China idinga i-soybean ukunyusa ihagu, isisiseko sayo sokudla. Kodwa iChina ingathatha indawo yeembotyi zase-US kunye nabo baseBrazil. Amafama ase-US athengisa isiqingatha sesityalo sawo eChina. Ukuba loo marike iyanyamalala, kuya kubangela ukuba i-United States ibuhlungu ngaphezu kweChina. I-China nayo yahlawulisa amanye amabini angaphandle ase-United States, ii-sorghum ne-Boeing. Ijolise kumashishini akwiindawo ezixhasa iTrump ngo- 2016 ukhetho .
Ngo-Ephreli 6, ngo-2018, uTrump uthe unokunyanzelisa iirhafu kwiiRandi ezili-100 ezigidi zeeShayina. Kuza kubandakanya i-third-thirds of the imported US from China. Ukuba i-China iyayiphendula, leyo iya kubeka iirhafu kuzo zonke i-US ezithunyelwa ngaphandle kwe-China.
Ngo-Apreli 10, ngo-2018, iChina yamxelela ukuba iingxoxo zorhwebo zaphule. I-United States yafuna ukuba iChina iyeke ukuxhasa inkxaso-shishini eli-10 eliphambili kwi-"Made in China 2025" icebo. Ezi ziquka robotics, aerospace, kunye nesofthiwe. I-China nayo iceba ukuba yiziko leengcali eziphambili zengqondo ngo-2030.
Kamva ngaloo mini, uMongameli waseTshayina u-Xi Jinping wamemezela ukuba uya kunciphisa iirhafu kwizithuthi ezizweni. Nangona ivumele iTump ukuba igcine ubuso, ayiyi kuphazamisa urhwebo kakhulu. Abaninzi be-automakers bafumanisa ukuba kungabizi kakhulu ukwakha e-China, kungakhathaliseki ukuba iirhafu. Ezinye izithembiso, ezinjalo zokunciphisa izithintelo ekutshaleni imali ngokuthe ngqo, azikho ezintsha.
Iimbangela zeMelika yoRhwebo lweMfazwe ngeChina
Abapolitiki base-US baye basongela imfazwe yorhwebo nomlingani omkhulu waseMelika kwiimpahla.
Ilahleko lezorhwebo lwenzeka xa ukuthumela ngaphandle kungaphantsi kwamanye amazwe.
Ngo-2017, iUnited States yathumela i-$ 130 yezigidigidi kwiChina. Iintlobo ezintathu ezithengayo ezinkulu zintengiso (iibhiliyoni eziyi-16 zamaRandi), i-soybean, (i-$ 12 billion) kunye neemoto (i-R11 billion). Ukuthengiswa kwe- US evela eChina kwakuyi-$ 506 yezigidigidi. Uninzi lwawo lusekhompyutheni, iimpahla kunye nemishini. Kodwa ezininzi izinto ezingeniswayo zivela kubakhiqizi base-United States bathumela izinto ezibonakalayo kwiChina kwendibano ebiza ngeendleko. Emva kokuba babuyiselwe eUnited States, bajongwa njengeengeniso. Ngenxa yoko, iintlawulo zonakalisa iinkampani zase-US kunye nabangaphandle.
I-China yiNombolo ye-1 yelizwe. Inzuzo yalo yokulinganisa kukuba inokuvelisa iimpahla zabathengi ngeendleko eziphantsi kunamanye amazwe. I-China inomgangatho ophantsi wokuphila , ovumela iinkampani zayo ukuba zihlawule umvuzo ophantsi. Amakhampani aseMerika akakwazi ukukhuphisana neendleko eziphantsi zaseChina, ngoko ilahlekelwa yimisebenzi yokukhiqiza yase-US. AmaMerika, ewe, afuna le mveliso kwixabiso eliphantsi. Uninzi aluzimisele ukuhlawula ngaphezulu "Yenziwe eMelika."
IMfazwe yoTywala yeMfazwe
Ngomhla we-8 kuMatshi, ngo-2018 uMongameli uTrump wamemezela ixabiso leepesenti ezingama-25 kwiirhwebo ezingeniswayo kunye nentlawulo ye-10 e-aluminium. I-America yiyona mveliso enkulu yehlabathi yentsimbi. Umrhumo uya kunceda abasebenzi abangama-147 000 kwi-shishini lensimbi. Kodwa bangalimaza abasebenzi abayizigidi ezingama-6.5 kumashishini abafuna isicatshulwa, kubandakanywa ukungeniswa kwamanye amazwe. Isebenza ngo-Ephreli 1, 2018, xa ukulibaziseka kwi-EU yokuthumela ngaphandle kuphelile.
I-Trump yathi, "Ukulwa kweemfazwe kuhle, kwaye kulula ukunqoba." Kodwa iimarike zazingavumelani. Iimarike ze-Stock emhlabeni jikelele zawela ngenxa yokwesaba imfazwe yokurhweba phakathi kwezoqoqosho ezintathu zehlabathi . Baye bafumana ngokufutshane xa uTrump echaze khona kwakuya kubakho ukuguquguquka ekusebenziseni iirhafu.
Ngokomzekelo, uTrump uthe iKhanada neMexico iya kuxolelwa kuze kube yinto yokugqitywa kwe- NAFTA . I-Canada iyona mthombo omkhulu kwi-intsimbi yase-US. UMexico ngowona wesine mkhulu. I-Argentina, iAustralia kunye neBrazil nazo zaxolelwa. I-United States ine-surplus yorhwebo kunye ne-Australia.
Njengoko kulindelwe, amaqabane ase-US amashishini athengisa. I- European Union yathi "iya kusabela ngokukhawuleza, ngokuqinisekileyo nangokulinganayo." I-EU ithi iqwalasela iirhafu kwiirhafu ze-US ezimalunga ne-$ 3.5 billion. UMongameli we-European Commission uJean-Claude Juncker waxwayisa, "Siza kubeka iintlawulo kwi-Harley-Davidson, kwi-bourbon kunye ne-blue jeans-iLevi."
I-Canada "iya kuthatha amanyathelo." Umphathiswa wezorhwebo waseJapan wathi, "Ndiyakholelwa ukuba akukho nto ithintelo kwilizwe likaMelika lokhuseleko oluvela kwimveliso yensimbi kunye ne-aluminium evela eJapan, oluhlanga oluhlangeneyo."
I-Trump ikholelwa ukuba iintlawulo ziya kukhusela abenzi be-iron kunye ne-aluminium yase-US. Inokuphucula loo ma shishini, kodwa iya kuphakamisa iindleko zabasebenzisi bezinyithi, njengabakhi bamanzi. Baya kudlula loo ndleko kubasebenzisi.
I-Trump yayisebenzisa amandla e-Congressional ka-1962 avumela umongameli ukuba avimbele ukungenisa iimveliso ezizingela ukhuseleko lwesizwe. ISebe lezoRhwebo lixele ukuba ukuxhomekeka kwiinsimbi ezingenisekanga kusongela amandla e-US ukwenza izixhobo. Kodwa iBhunga lezoLwazi lwe-Aerospace lathi iintlawulo zeTrump ziza kuphakamisa iindleko zemikhosi kunye nabangaphandle. Iirhafu zingasongela ukhuseleko lwesizwe ngokunciphisa ukukhula koqoqosho. Uqoqosho olomeleleyo luyimfuneko ukunyusa imali yaseMelika.
Ngo-Matshi 26, ngo-2018, ulawulo lweTrump lwaxolela iSouth Korea kwixabiso lentsimbi. Umlingani wase-US ungumthengisi wesithathu omkhulu kunesithengiso sangaphandle. Ukubuyisela, iSouth Korea yavuma ukuchibiyela isivumelwano sezohwebo zonyaka wezi- 2012. I-United States iya kugcina i-25 yeepesenti yeerhafu kwiilori zokufumana i-20 eyongezelelweyo. Ngaphantsi kwesivumelwano sokuqala, iirhafu zaphela ngowama-2021. ISouth Korea yavuma ukuphindwa kabini ixabiso layo lokungenisa iimoto zase-US.
Indlela ekuchaphazela ngayo
Imfazwe yokurhweba iya kuphakamisa amaxabiso kwimveliso engeniswa ngaphandle. Iindleko zaziza kuphakama ngokwexabiso elifanayo njengemali ebekiwe. Kuya kunika ithuba lokukhuphisana nabavelisi basekhaya belo mveliso. Amaxabiso abo aya kuba phantsi xa kuthelekiswa. Ngenxa yoko, baya kufumana amagosa amaninzi avela kumakhasimende angingqi. Njengoko ishishini landa, babeza kwandisa imisebenzi.
Kwiphepha le-flip, abavelisi basekhaya abaxhomekeke kwizinto ezivelisiweyo okanye izinto ziza kubona iindleko eziphezulu. Kuya kunqumla kwinzuzo yabo. Baya kuba nako ukuphakamisa amaxabiso, ukuxhonywa kwemisebenzi, okanye zombini.
Kwixesha elide, iimfazwe zorhwebo zinciphisa ukukhula koqoqosho . Benza ukutshabalalisa okungakumbi, kungekhona okuncinci, njengamazwe angaphandle aphinde abuyisele. Abasebenzi abayizigidi ezili-12 base-US abanemisebenzi yabo yokuthumela ngaphandle baya kukhishwa.
Kwixesha elidlulileyo, iimfazwe zorhwebo zinciphisa i-industry ekhuselweyo. Ngaphandle kokuncintisana kwamanye amazwe, iinkampani ngaphakathi kwishishini akudingeki ukuba zivuselele. Ekugqibeleni, umkhiqizo wendawo wawuya kuncipha kumgangatho xa kuthelekiswa nempahla eyenziwe ngaphandle.