Izivumelwano eziPhambili eziManyeneyo zezoRhwebo zaseMelika
Isivumelwano ngasinye siquka iinkalo ezintlanu. Okokuqala, kuphelisa intlawulo kunye nezinye iirhafu zorhwebo. Oku kunika iinkampani kumazwe omabini ixabiso lentengo.
Kusebenza kakuhle xa ilizwe ngalinye lijolise kwiinkampani ezahlukeneyo.
Okwesibini, amazwe ayavuma ukuba akayi kulahla iimveliso ngexabiso eliphantsi. Iinkampani zabo zenza oku kuzuza inxaxheba yexabiso lemarike. Bayehla ixabiso ngaphantsi koko liza kuthengisa ekhaya okanye nokuba neendleko zokuvelisa. Baphakamisa amanani xa beqhelise amaqhankqalazo.
Okwesithathu, oorhulumente abagwebi ukusebenzisa izibonelelo ezingenabulungisa. Amazwe amaninzi anika inkxaso kumashishini aqhinga, njengamandla kunye nezolimo. Oku kunciphisa iindleko kulabo bavelisi. Ubanika inzuzo engalunganga xa kuthengiswa kwelinye ilizwe.
Okwesine, isivumelwano simisa imimiselo, imigangatho yabasebenzi kunye nokukhuselwa kwendalo. Imithetho embalwa engumsebenzi njengenkxaso. Inika abaxhasi belizwe ithuba lokukhuphisana ngokuncintisana nabangaphandle.
Okwesibini, bayavuma ukuba bangabambeli iimveliso ezintsha. Bamukela imithetho yomthetho ngamnye yomthetho kunye nepropathi yengqondo.
Inzuzo
Izivumelwano zokubambisana zandisa urhwebo phakathi kwamazwe amabini. Bavula iimarike kumashishini aphumelelayo. Njengoko iinkampani zinceda, zongeza imisebenzi.
Abathengi belizwe nabo bayazuza ngeendleko eziphantsi. Basenokufumana iziqhamo ezingenamsebenzi kunye nemifuno eninzi ebiza ngaphandle kwesivumelwano.
Kulula ukuxoxisana kunezivumelwano zorhwebo ezininzi , kuba ziquka kuphela amazwe amabini.
Oku kuthetha ukuba banokuqalisa ukusebenza ngokukhawuleza, ukuvuna iinzuzo zorhwebo ngokukhawuleza. Ukuba iintetho zesivumelwano sezoqoqosho ezininzi ziyahluleka, ezininzi iintlanga ziza kuthethwa ngoluhlu lweemvumelwano zombini.
Iingxaki
Nayiphi na isivumelwano sokurhweba siza kubangela iinkampani ezingephumelelanga ngaphantsi kwezoshishino. Akunakukwazi ukukhuphisana nekhampani elinamandla ngakumbi kwelizwe langaphandle. Xa iirhafu ezikhuselweyo zisuswe, zilahlekelwa ngumvuzo wazo. Njengoko bephuma kwishishini, abasebenzi balahlekelwa yimisebenzi.
Izivumelwano zokubambisana zihlala ziqhuba izivumelwano zokubambisana phakathi kwamanye amazwe. Oku kunokwenza ukuba i-FTA ifumaneke kwiintlanga ezimbini zokuqala.
U mzekelo
Intsebenziswano yeTransatlantic Trade and Investment Partnership iya kususa izithintelo zangoku zokuthengisa phakathi kweUnited States kunye neYurophu yaseYurophu . Kuya kuba sisona mkhulu melwano ngoku, ukubetha ngisho ne- NAFTA . Iingxoxo zafakwa emva kokuba uMongameli uTrump ethathe isikhundla. Nangona i-EU inamalungu amaninzi amazwe, inokuthi ixoxisane njengento enye. Oku kwenza i-TTIP isivumelwano somsebenzi wesigxina.
I-United States ineemvumelwano zorhwebo ngokubanzi kunye namanye amazwe angama-12. Nalu uluhlu, unyaka owaqala ukusebenza kunye nomphumo walo.
- E-Australia (ngoJanuwari 1, 2005) - Esi sivumelwano sivelise i-$ 26.7 yezigidigidi ngo-2009, ukwandisa urhwebo ngeepesenti ezingama-23 ukususela ekuqaleni. Iimpahla ze-US ezithunyelwa ngaphandle zenyusa ama-33 ekhulwini, ngelixa ukuthengiswa kweemveliso kwenyusa ama-3.5 ekhulwini
- Bahrain (ngoJanuwari 11, 2006) - Zonke iintlawulo zazisuswa. I-US yandise amazwe angaphandle kumazwe , iinkonzo zezezimali, iinkonzo zethungelwano kunye nezinye iinkonzo.
- I-Chile (ngoJanuwari 1, 2004) - Yayiqhelisa ixabiso, linikezela ukukhuselwa kwipropati yengqondo, kwaye kufuneka abasebenzi abasebenzayo kunye nokunyanzeliswa kokusingqongileyo, phakathi kwezinye izinto. Ngelishwa, urhwebo lwenyuka ukususela ngo-2004. I-US yokuthumela ngaphandle kwe-Chile yawa ngama-26 ekhulwini (ukuya kwii-8.8 billion), ngelixa iindwendwe zithengiswa ngamaphesenti angama-29 (ukuya kuma-5.8 billion).
- I-Kolombia (Oktobha 21, 2011) - Ukunciphisa intlawulo kwandiswa kwamanye amazwe kwii-US iimpahla nge-$ 1.1 billion, kunye nokunyuka kwe-GDP ye-US nge-$ 2.5 billion.
- I-Israel (1985) - Ukunciphisa izithintelo zorhwebo kunye nokukhuthaza ukukhanya ngokucacileyo.
- I-Jordan (Disemba 17, 2001) - Ukongezelela ekunciphiseni izithintelo zorhwebo, isivumelwano sithintele imithintelo yokutya kwe-US kunye nokukhutshwa kweenkukhu, kwaye yavumela ukunyuka kwamanye amazwe okuvela eJordan.
- Korea (Matshi 15, 2012) - Phantse iipesenti ezingama-80 zeerhafu zisusiwe, ekugqibeleni zikhuthaza ukuthumela ngaphandle nge-$ 10 billion. Ngo-Matshi 26, ngo-2018, ulawulo lweTrump lukhuphe uMzantsi Korea ukusuka kwi-25% yexabiso lentsimbi. Umlingani wase-US ungumthengisi wesithathu omkhulu kunesithengiso sangaphandle. Ukubuyisela, iSouth Korea yavuma ukuchibiyela isivumelwano se-2012. I-United States iya kugcina i-25 yeepesenti yeerhafu kwiilori zokufumana i-20 eyongezelelweyo. Ngaphantsi kwesivumelwano sokuqala, iirhafu zaphela ngowama-2021. ISouth Korea yavuma ukuphindwa kabini ixabiso layo lokungenisa iimoto zase-US.
- IMorocco (ngoJanuwari 5, 2006) - I-surplus yeevenkile zorhwebo zenyuka zifikelela kuma-1.8 bhiliyoni ngo-2011, ukusuka kwi-$ 79 yezigidi ngo-2005.
- Oman (Januwari 1, 2009) - Iingxoxo ziyaqhubeka ukuvumelana malunga neenkcukacha zemigangatho yabasebenzi e-Oman.
- I-Panama (Oktobha 21, 2011) - Abameli bezorhwebo baxoxisana nemigaqo-nkqubo yabasebenzi kunye neerhafu. Isivumelwano siya kususa intlawulo yepesenti e-7, kunye neerhafu ezithile eziphakamileyo njengama-81 ekhulwini, kunye nabanye abaphakamileyo njengama-260 ekhulwini. Jonga i- Panama Canal Impact kwi-Economics yase-US
- IPeru (ngoFebruwari 1, 2009) - Urhwebo kunye nePeru lwaluyi-8.8 yezigidigidi zeeRandi, kwaye zithengiswa ngamazwe angama-4.8bhiliyoni angaphandle, umnyaka wesayinwe. I-FTA ichithe zonke iirhafu, zinikezelwa ngokukhusela ngokomthetho kubalimi-mali kunye nepropathi yengqondo, kwaye yowokuqala ukongeza ukhuseleko lwabasebenzi kunye nokusingqongileyo.
- ISingapore (ngoJanuwari 1, 2004) - Urhwebo lwafikelela kwi-$ 37 yezigidigidi ngo-2009, ukunyuka kweepesenti ezingama-17 ukususela ekuqaleni kwe-FTA. Ukuthunyelwa kwempahla kwenyuka kuma-31 eepesenti, ukuya kuma-21.6 billion.