Yintoni eyenzekayo Ukuba Singazigcineli iiNyosi ngexesha?
Inkathazo ikhula. Ngo-Apreli 2016, abaphandi babika ukuba abafuyi bezinyosi balahlekelwa ngamaphesenti angama-44 eenkoloni zabo phambi kweenyanga ezili-12.
Oku kunyuka kuma-42.1 ekhulwini ngo-2015 kunye ne-39 ekhulwini ngo-2014.
Ngo-2015 bekuqala ngembali apho abalondolozi belahlekelwa iinyosi ezininzi ngexesha lehlobo kunebusika. Ukuba i-colony disorder disorder iyaqhubeka kwinqanaba langoku, iinqununu ezilawulwayo zezinyosi ziya kulahla ngo-2035.
Ingxaki yaqala ngawo-1980. Yilapho izibilini ezimbini zegazi ezihlambulula igazi zingena eMelika. Kodwa ezininzi izazinzulu zikholelwa ukuba izifo ezinambuzane zisele zinciphise i-immune system system.
Umphumo kwi-Economy
Inyosi yaseNtshonalanga yeNtshontsho yinqununu yehlabathi ilawula iintlobo zezilwanyana. Ukufuna iimfuno zayo kuye kwanyuka kwiziqhamo, izityalo kunye nabalimi bemifuno. Phakathi kwabavelisi bemigodi, abalimi be-almond banesidingo esiphezulu sokunyuka kwe-bee. Imfuno imele malunga neentlobo zezityalo eziyi-100, ezenza enye yesithathu yesondlo sokutya. I-bee pollination ixabisa i-$ 15 billion kwi-US.
Ukuphazanyiswa kweenyosi eziphakanyiswe ngeenyosi eziphakanyisiweyo zintyatyambo, izithelo kunye nemifuno.
KwiCalifornia, iirhafu zokupilisa ezintathu. Abafuyi bezinyosi bahlawulela abalimi abangama-almond ama-51.99 ngama-hive ngonyaka ka-2003. Ngo-2009 abavukele kwi-157.03 ye-hive. Ngo-2016, loo ntlawulo yenyuka ibe ngamaxabiso phakathi kwe-$ 180 ukuya kwi-200 engama-hive.
Kwiminyaka emithandathu edlulileyo, imboni yeezinyo yachitha i-$ 2 billion ukuze ithathe indawo ye-hives yezigidi ezili-10. Leyo yoshishino eyenza i-$ 500 yezigidi ngonyaka.
Ezi ndleko eziphezulu zikhuthaza abafuyi bezinyosi ukuba bahlawulise ngaphezulu ukuba bathathe indawo emiseleni xa behla. Imirhumo ephakamileyo ixabisa abalimi abangama-almond ama-$ 83 yezigidi ngonyaka. Badlula loo maxabiso ngexabiso eliphezulu.
Inkathazo yokuwa kweColony ichaphazela nakwiimveliso zenkomo yenkomo. Inyosi iphola i-clover, i-hay kunye nezinye izityalo zokutshiza. Xa befa, iphakamisa iindleko zokutya. Oko kwandisa intengo yenkomo yeenkomo kunye nobisi kwivenkile.
I-Disorder iya kubangela ukunyuka kweemveliso ezivela kumazwe angaphandle apho kungekho khona. Oku kuya kuphakamisa inzuzo yezorhwebo ye-US .
Oko uRhulumente akwenzayo ukuMisa
NgoJanuwari 10, ngo-2017, iNkonzo yeNtlanzi yaseSouth naseSouthlife ibonakalise i-bumblebee ebombeleyo kwiintlobo zezilwanyana ezinobungozi. Imimiselo yokukhusela inyosi yayingenxa yokuqalisa ukusebenza ngoFebruwari 17. Kunoko, bebambezeleka kude kube ngowama-21 Matshi. Kungenxa yokuba uMongameli uTrump wasayina umyalelo olawulayo ukulibazisa yonke imimiselo ukususela ukusebenza kwangoko.
Ngomhla ka-Meyi 2015, uMongameli Obama we- Bee kunye ne-Pollinator Task Force ibike iziphumo zesifundo somnyaka. Injongo yalo kukunciphisa ukulahlekelwa kweenyosi zeenyosi ngexesha lebusika ukuya kuma-15 ekhulwini kwishumi eli-10. Kuya kwandisa ukwandisa i-butterfly yaseMarch. Ubambiswano loluntu / abucala bubophezele ukubuyisela iihektare ezingama-7 zomhlaba kwiindawo zokuvotela i-pollin ngaphezu kweminyaka emihlanu.
Eziquka amahlathi atshiswa ngumlilo, i-office landscaping, kunye nokugcinwa kweendawo zokuhlala.
I-Arhente yoKhuselo lokusiNgqongileyo inqamise ukuvunyelwa kwanoma yiyiphi indlela entsha yokusetyenziswa kwee-pesticides ze-neonicotinoid. Icebisa ukunqanda le pesticides xa izityalo ziqhambile kwaye iinyosi zikhoyo. Iya kuphinda iphinde iphinde ihlolisise ukusetyenziswa kwezi pesticides. Iceba ukupapasha uvavanyo lwengozi kunye nangoo-2017 kunye no-2018. IYurophu YaseYurophu sele isetyenzisile le pesticides.
NgoJuni 20, 2014, u-Obama wadala iqela lokusebenzela ukucacisa oko kubulala iinyosi kunye nezinye i-pollinators. Walawula iqela ukuba lize nesicwangciso sokuguqula umgangatho. Wabeka i-$ 50 yezigidi kwiNgxelo-mali ka-2015 ukujongana nale ngxaki.
Izizathu zeColony Collapse
Inkqubo yokuwa kweColony yabonwa njengengozi enkulu ngo-2006.
Izazinzulu zityholisa iintsholongwane, izibulala-zinambuzane, kunye ne-fungicides zenza iinyosi zisengozini kwizilwanyana.
Ngomhla kaJanuwari 2013, i-European Safety Safety Authority ibixelele ukuba i-insecticide ezintathu ze-neonicotinoid zancipha amandla omzimba we-bees. Ezi khemikhali ziyi-clothianidin, i-imidacloprid, ne-thiamethoxam. Inyosi ithatha i-pesticides ngothuli kunye nendawo yokuhlala kwi-nectar kunye ne-pollen. Bayibuyisela inetyhefu emngceleni. Okubuthathaka amajoni abo omzimba. Ngenxa yoko, banokungakwazi ukuthintela izidumbu.
Ezi zinambuzane zisetyenziselwa isityalo seMbewu saseMelika. Leyo naphezu kwembambano ezivela ngaphesheya kwezilwanyana zonyango, i-Pesticide Action Network eNyakatho Melika, kunye neZiko loKhuseleko loKutya. La maqela aphikisana iminyaka kangangokuba i-pesticides ijongene nokubola kwe-bee colony. Ziye zachaphazela kakubi iintaka ezininzi kunye nezinye izilwanyana zasendle.
Izinyosi azifaki kwimifuno yazo. Esikhundleni salokho, bayabaleka ukuze bafe bodwa. Oku kwenza kube nzima ukuqokelela okwaneleyo izidumbu zokufunda. Kodwa abaphandi eYunivesithi yaseMaln Maryland bafumana ubungqina obucacileyo. Yondla impova egcwele iifungicides kunye ne-insecticide kwizinyosi eziphilileyo. Baye banomdla ngakumbi kwi-Nosema ceranae.
I-Bloomberg Businessweek Ngomhla kaMatshi 28, 2011 ingxelo yokuba abafuyi bezinyosi balwa emva kokuzalisa iinyosi ezininzi. Bahlula imingxuma entwasahlobo nasehlobo. Oku kubangela ukuba iinyosi zidale amaninzikazi. Lona kuphela umlinganiselo we-stopgap. Ukusetyenziswa kweebhokhwe ezinobuncwane kungasinceda.