Izizathu Ezihlanu Zokuba Ukukhiqiza KweMelika Kukukhula kwakhona
Amashishini okuvelisa afaka izityalo, amafektri kunye nezixhobo zokugaya. Benza iimveliso zabo ngamashishini aqhutywe ngamandla kunye nezixhobo. Kwakhona kubandakanya amashishini amancinci asekhaya awenza izinto ngesandla.
Zibandakanya iibhaki, ii-candy stores kunye nabaxhasi bezithethe.
Ukuvelisa kwakhona kuquka iinkampani ezenza isivumelwano kunye nabanye ukwenza iimpahla. E-United States, ayibandakanyi ukwakha izindlu nezakhiwo zorhwebo.
Imveliso yase-US iyona inkulu kwihlabathi. Ivelisa i-18.2 ekhulwini yeempahla zehlabathi. Oku ngaphezu kwezoqoqosho zonke zeCanada , eKorea, okanye eMexico . Kodwa isikhundla se-Afrika sobuholi sisongelwa yiindleko eziphezulu zokusebenza. Oko kunika umngcele wokukhuphisana kwamanye amazwe. Okokuqala phakathi kwalawa yiChina . Iifeksi zayo eziphantsi kweendleko zenza iiphesenti ezili-17.6 zeemveliso zehlabathi.
Kubaluleka koMveliso kwi-Economics yase-US
Ukuvelisa kuyimfuneko ebalulekileyo yomkhiqizo wekhaya . Ngo-2016, bekuyi-2.25 yezigidigidi zamaRandi. Oko kwaqhuma i-11.7 pesenti yemveliso yezoqoqosho yase-US. Iimpahla ezenziweyo ziquka isiqingatha se-export.
Ukwenziwa kweeMveliso kwongeza ubuninzi bexabiso kumandla oqoqosho lwe-US .
Wonke ama dollar asetshenziswe ekuveliseni afaka i $ 1.89 ekukhuleni kwamashishini kwamanye amacandelo asekelayo. Ezi ziquka ukubuyiselwa , ukuthutha, kunye neenkonzo zoshishino.
I-United States ine-12.5 yezigidi zemisebenzi yokuvelisa . I-8.5 pesenti yabasebenzi. Le mivuzo ihlawula iipesenti ezili-12 ngaphezu kwazo zonke ezinye.
Ngo-2015, bafumana umyinge wama-82,023 kumsebenzi ngamnye. Oku kubandakanya izibonelelo. Le $ 26.50 ngeyure. Sekunjalo, imisebenzi engaphezu kwama-600,000 isalindele abasebenzi abanezakhono ezifanelekileyo.
Imizila
Ukuvelisa kwakusetyenziso eliyinxalenye enkulu yezoqoqosho eMelika. Ngowe-1970, bekuyi-24.3 yeepesenti ye-GDP, enkulu kunene namhlanje.
Umngcele waseMerika njengoko umenzi wezinto eziphambili zehlabathi uye wahamba. Ngo-1985, ivelise iipesenti ezingama-28 zeempahla zehlabathi. Kungenxa yokuba le shishini liye landa 1.1 iphesenti ngonyaka ukususela apho. Oku kuncipha ngakumbi kunezinga le-2.3 lentengo yokukhula kwezoqoqosho ngokubanzi.
Iyancipha ngakumbi kuneziqabane zethu ezinkulu zorhwebo. I-China yanda i-9,8 ekhulwini; Indiya , iipesenti eziyi-5.1; EJamani, ama-3.6 ekhulwini; e-United Kingdom, i-2.8 ekhulwini; ECanada, iipesenti ezi-2.7; kunye neJapan, i-1.9 ekhulwini.
Izizathu zokuhla
Isizathu esikhulu sitshintsho kwi-economy based based economy. Iibhanki kunye nezinye iinkonzo zemali zaqala ukukhula emva kuka-1999, xa iCongress yachithwa uMthetho we- Glass-Steagall Act .
Icandelo leenkonzo zonyango liye lakhula. Ikhulile ukusuka kuma-5 ekhulwini wezoqoqosho ngo-1960 ukuya kuma-18 ekhulwini ngo-2015. Ngowe-1965, urhulumente waqalisa ukuxhasa iindleko zesibhedlele xa zenza i-Medicare neMedicaid. Yayisinye sezizathu zokunyuka kweendleko zezempilo .
Iinkonzo zononophelo zezempilo zaphendule nentshukumo yokuzalwa komntwana.
Utshintshelo kwicandelo leenkonzo zorhwebo lwenzeke kwamanye amazwe athuthukileyo ngezizathu ezifanayo. Kodwa imboni yokuvelisa yaseUnited States ilahlekelwe isabelo semarike yehlabathi. Amazwe ancinci athuthukileyo, afana neChina, akhulise amandla abo okuvelisa.
Omnye umxhasi ngumgangatho ophezulu wokuphila kwe- US xa kuthelekiswa namanye amazwe. Oko kwenza ukuba abasebenzi baxabise kakhulu kunezinye iintlanga. Abakhiqizi base-US abakwazi ukukhuphisana neemveliso eziphantsi kweendleko ezenziwa ngabasebenzi abahlawuliweyo aphantsi eChina, e-Asia naseMexico. Umzekelo, umqeshwa wezithuthi zomntu wase-Detroit wenza i-$ 58 ngeyure, kubandakanya umvuzo kunye neenzuzo. Oku kufaniswa ne-$ 8 ngeyure yomsebenzi waseMexico.
Kodwa ezininzi iinkqubo zomgaqo-nkqubo wephondo zinciphisa ukuncintisana kwe-US.
Oko kwenza ama-US athengise amaxabiso angama-20 ephakamileyo, nangona iindleko zabasebenzi zingabandakanywa. Okokuqala, ukuthobela imimiselo ibiza i-180.5 billion yezigidigidi, malunga neepesenti ezili-11 zokuthengisa.
Okwesibini, izinga lokuhlawula irhafu ngo-2011 lalingama-37,65 ekhulwini. Okuphakamileyo kuneFransi kwi-34.1 yeepesenti kwaye kabini ngaphezu kweChina kwi-16,6 ekhulwini. Yintathu yeTaiwan kwi-10.1 yeepesenti kunye nereyithi yentlawulo ephantsi.
Okwesithathu, amanye amazwe angcono ekuxoxiswaneni ngezivumelwano zokurhweba ngeentlobo zamazwe angaphandle. Bahlawula iirhafu kunye neentlawulo zangaphandle. Oku kunciphisa iindleko zabo zokuvelisa kuba amaxabiso angeniso angenaxabiso.
Outlook
Ukwenziwa kweeMveliso kuqikelelwe ukuba kwandiswe ngokukhawuleza kunezoqoqosho jikelele. Imveliso iya kukhula ngamaphesenti ama-3.0 ngo-2017 kunye nama-2.8 ekhulwini ngo-2018. Ukhula luya kuphuza ukuya kuma-2,6 ekhulwini ngo-2019 kunye ne-2.0 ekhulwini ngo-2020.
Amabutho amatsha amatsha aqhuba oku kukhula. Okokuqala ukwanda komkhiqizo . Ngokwengxenye ngenxa yezobuchwepheshe obutsha, ezifana nokushicilelwa kwe-3-D. Okwesibini kukuveliswa kwemveliso yasekhaya yasegesi yendalo kunye neoli ye-shale . Ixabiso lentengo ephantsi kwegesi lithintela amashishini amaninzi awasebenzisa ekuveliseni ezinye iimveliso. Ubuncwane bemveliso kunye nexabiso elisezantsi leoli liyanciphisa iindleko zokuvelisa i-US.
Isizathu sesithathu senyukela umvuzo kwimarike ekhulayo. Njengoko imigangatho yokuphila iphucula kulo lonke ihlabathi, abasebenzi basekhaya bafuna imali ephezulu. Amanye amaziko okufowunela ashiya i-Indiya yeNebraska kuba umvuzo unokufaniswa kwaye inkonzo iycono. Ukufowunelwa kweziko lokusetyenziselwa ukusetyenziswa njengesiqhelo. Kodwa iinkampani ziqala ukuvela kwakhona ukusuka ekhaya. Iindleko zamaziko okufowunelwa kwezinye iindawo zaseUnited States zikhuphiswano.
Okwesine, iinkampani ziyakuqonda imfuneko yokukhusela ipropathi yengqondo. Amanye amazwe, afana neChina, avumele iifemu zabo ukuba zikopishe iinkqubo ze-US zokuvelisa kunye nokuyila. Basebenzisa olu lwazi ukwenza "i-knock-offs" abangayithengisa ngaphantsi. Esi sizathu esinye seziveliso abakhetha ukuhlala eMelika.
Okokugqibela, kwaye mhlawumbi ubuncinci, ukuqonda phakathi kwabathengi abathi "Yenziwe eMelika" kuthetha imisebenzi eMelika. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, abathengi base-US banomdla kakhulu ekufumaneni ixabiso elifanelekileyo kwi dollar yabo. Abazimisele ukuhlawula ezininzi kwiileyibhile yaseMelika.
Ngokwenzululwazi evela ku-AlixPartners, iipesenti ezingama-37 zabavelisi zinokukhetha ukufumana e-United States. Ilingana nalabo bafuna ukukhetha iMexico. Kungenxa yokuba kulula ukufikelela kwimarike enkulu eNorth America. Kungcono kunokuba ngowama-2011 xa iipesenti ezingama-19 kuphela eza kukhetha i-United States.
Ngelishwa, ukukhula akuyi kuguqulwa kwenyuka kwimisebenzi yokukhiqiza yase-US . Kungenxa yokuphucula imveliso. Ezi ziquka ukusetyenziswa kwandisa iikhomputha, i-robotics, kunye nezinye iinkqubo ezisebenzayo. Imisebenzi emitsha edalwa ifuna izakhono ezinxulumene nekhompuyutha eziphathekayo ukulawula iirobhothi.
Impembelelo yeTrump on Manufacturing
UMongameli uDonald Trump uthembisa ukubuyisela imisebenzi kwimveliso. Uthembise irhafu yentlawulo yabavelisi base-US kunye neerhafu eziphezulu kulabo abakha ngaphandle kwamanye amazwe. Kumele enze ezi zikhuthazo zilingana neendleko ezongezelelweyo zokuveliswa kwe-US. Ngaphandle koko, akusayi kubakho ukubuyisela imisebenzi. Isicwangciso sokudalwa kwemisebenzi kaTrump sijolise ekudaleni imisebenzi eyizigidi ezingama-25 kwiminyaka elishumi elizayo.
UMbutho weSizwe wabakhiqizi uwagcoba icebo likaTump lokunciphisa irhafu nemimiselo. Ikwaxhasa nesicwangciso sayo sokuphucula umgangatho weziseko. Kodwa ukhetha ukudala izivumelwano zorhwebo zamahhala , kunokubhenxisa kwi- Trans-Pacific Partnership kunye neMvumelwano yeNtengiso yamaNtla- ntla yaseNyakatho ye-Atlantic . Kukwazisa kwakhona ukuphuculwa kwezesayensi, iteknoloji, ubunjineli kunye nobuchule beematriki zabasebenzi baseMelika.