Umyalelo oLawulayo oyiNtendlo wokuLawula kwi-TPP kuthetha ntoni?
Amagosa avela kwilizwe ngalinye asayinisa isivumelwano ngoFebruwari 4, 2016. Ingxoxo yagqitywa ngempumelelo ngo-Oktobha 4, 2015. Ipalamente nganye yelizwe kufuneka ivume imvume ngaphambi kokuba iqale ukusebenza.
Ngaphambi kokuba oko kwenzeke, umyalelo wokulawula weTrump ususwe kwi-United States kwinkqubo.
I-TPP yayiphakathi kwe-Australia, eBrunei, eCanada , eChile, eJapan, eMalaysia, eMexico, eNew Zealand, ePeru, eSingapore, e-United States naseVietnam. Amazwe abandakanyekayo akhiqiza iipesenti ezingama-40 zeemveliso zelizwe elipheleleyo lemveliso eyi-107.5 trillion. Banikela ngeepesenti ezingama-26 zezorhwebo jikelele kunye ne-793 yezigidi zabathengi behlabathi.
Indawo yokurhweba ye-TPP yayiza kuba mkhulu kuneSivumelwano seNtengiso seNorth American , okwangoku ihlabathi elikhulu. Ngo-2012, ixabiso lokulinganiswa kwezorhwebo phakathi kwamazwe laliyi-$ 1.5 trillion kwimpahla. Ngo-2011, bekuyi-$ 242 yezigidi kwiinkonzo. Kuya kuba yincinci kuneTransatlantic Trade and Investment Partnership . I-TTIP yile mnye mkhulu melwano-melwano wesorhwebo ekuthethwa ngawo. Kuphakathi kweUnited States kunye neYurophu Yomanyano . Iintetho zafika kwi-limbo xa uTrump ethatha isikhundla.
Ngokucacileyo, i-TPP ayifaki iChina . Ngomntu ngamabomu. Kuthelelwe ukulinganisela ukubusa kwezohwebo kweZine kunye ne- Indiya e-East Asia. I-TPP yayiza kunika i-United States isizathu sokungenelela kwimibambano yezorhwebo kwi-oyile i-oyile yaseSouth China. I-China iye yafaka umkhosi wayo umkhosi ukuze iphinde iphinde iphinde ibuyele kuyo.
Kodwa onke amaqela achaze ukuba amanye amalungu angakwazi ukujoyina kwixesha elizayo. Okwangoku, iPhilippines neChina zibonise umdla.
Njengazo ezinye izivumelwano zorhwebo, kususa iintlawulo kwiimpahla nakwiinkonzo kwaye ibeka iifomati zorhwebo ngokukhawuleza. Ngokungafani nezivumelwano ezininzi, kususa iibhloko ezingabhalwanga ukuthengisa. Iyavumelana ngokusemthethweni nemimiselo. Ikwabelana ngalezo zixhobo ngeTTIP.
I-TPP ihlanganisa uluhlu olubanzi lwezinto kunye neenkonzo. Ezi ziquka iinkonzo zezezimali, iinkonzo zethungelwano, kunye nemigangatho yokukhuselwa kokutya. Ngale ndlela, ichaphazela umgaqo-nkqubo wangaphandle kunye nemithetho kumazwe. Ngokomzekelo, iphakamisa ukuba amazwe asethe iofisi efana ne- Ofisi ye -US yoLwazi kunye neMicimbi yoLawulo . Ihlalutya iindleko kunye neenzuzo zemimiselo emitsha.
Isivumelwano esiPhezulu nesiPhambili sokuThengana kweTranspacific
Ngo-Matshi 8, 2018, amanye amazwe ase-TPP angasayina isivumelwano esitshintshile ngaphandle kwe-United States. I-intsebenziswano entsha ilandela i-TPP, ngokumiswa kwee-20 ezincinane. I-China iqwalasela ukuba ingajoyina inkontileka yezorhwebo. Ukwenza oko kwakuza kuguqula ngokubanzi ubungakanani bamandla kumashishini angaphandle .
Ngo-Apreli 12, ngo-2018, uTrump ubonisa ukuba i-United States ingaba ikulungele ukujoyina i-TPP.
UTump uthe wayeya kwenza njalo ukuba ayenokufumana "intsebenzo engcono" kuno-Obama. Kodwa amazwe amaninzi acinga ukuba sele esele anikezela ngokufanelekileyo. Ngokomzekelo, bavuma ukuvumela iinkampani zonyango zase-US zigcine amagunya alo mvume ngaphezu kweyesiqhelo kwamanye amazwe.
Ingxaki enkulu kukuba iTshayina iya kusebenzisa loo mbambano ukukhusela iirhafu ezibekwe yimfazwe yeTrump. I-China ingathumela izinto eziyimveliso kumaqela eTPP, njengeVietnam. Iifayili ziza kuthumela iimveliso ezigqityiweyo eMelika, ukuphepha ukuhlawula umrhumo.
Projekthi yePPP
I-TPP yasekuqaleni ikhuthaza ukuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe kunye nokukhula koqoqosho. Oku kufuneka kube nemisebenzi emininzi nokuchuma kumazwe angama-12 abandakanyekayo. Iyakwandisa amazwe angaphandle ngama-305 biliyoni ngonyaka ngonyaka ka-2025. I-US yokuthumela ngaphandle izakunyuka ngama-123.5 billion. Kuya kunceda umatshini, i-auto, iplastiki, kunye nezolimo.
Ukwandisa ukuthunyelwa kwempahla ngokususa iirhafu ezingama-18 000 ezibekwe kumazwe angaphandle eMelika ukuya kwamanye amazwe. I-United States isele ihoxise iipesenti ezingama-80 zala maxabiso athunyelwe ngaphandle. I-TPP iyafana nendawo yokudlala.
Isivumelwano sinezela iibhiliyoni eziyi-223 ezigidi ngonyaka ukwenzela ukufumana imali yabasebenzi kuwo onke amazwe, kunye neebhiliyoni ezingama-77 eziya kubasebenzi base-US.
Wonke amazwe avumile ukunciphisa ukuthengiswa kwezilwanyana zasendle. Oku kunceda izindlovu, i-rhinoceroses, kunye neentlobo eziselwandle. Ithintela ukusetyenziswa kakubi kwezendalo, ezifana nokungena okungekho nto kunye nokuloba. Amazwe angahambisani nawo aya kujongana nezohlwayo zorhwebo.
TPP Cons
Uninzi lweengeniso kwimali engenayo luya kubasebenzi abangaphezu kwama-88,000 ngonyaka. Izivumelwano zorhwebo zamahhala zifaka isandla ekungalingani kwemali kumazwe aphezulu. Ziyakhuthaza iimpahla ezincinci ukusuka kumazwe aphantsi-mali.
Oku kuya kuba yinyani ngokukodwa kwi-TPP kuba ikhusela amalungelo abenzi kunye neeposenti. Abanikazi abaphezulu abahlawulelwayo bepropati bayayifumana eminye yemali engenayo.
Isivumelwano malunga namalungelo obhaliso siya kunciphisa ukufumaneka kwezivelisi ezincinci. Oku kuya kuphakamisa iindleko zamachiza amaninzi. Iingxaki zoshishino lokukhuphisana ziya kunciphisa izikhuthazo e-Asia ukukhusela imo. Ekugqibeleni kodwa, umnqophiso wezorhwebo unokugqithisa imimiselo yezemali.
AbaPhicothi baLuhlule le miqobo
Ezi ngongoma zintlanu zamehlo zimile endleleni. Nantsi indlela abaye bayiswa ngayo.
I-United States yavuma ukuba iifishishina ezimfutshane , ngakumbi kwiiyobisi ze-biologic. Iinkampani zamachiza zikwazi ukugcina iimviwo zabo ziyimfihlo iminyaka emihlanu ukuya kweyisixhenxe endaweni ye-12 iminyaka.
Yonke ishishini likarhulumente kufuneka lihambelane nemigangatho yezorhwebo yomhlaba wonke ekhusela abasebenzi kunye nemeko. I-United States kwafuneka inqobe izichaso ezivela eVietnam, eSingapore, naseMalaysia. Lawo mazwe kufuneka ngoku ngokuvumela imibutho yabasebenzi okanye ukujongana nezigwebo.
I-United States, Japan, neCanada bavuma ukulahlekelwa ukukhuselwa kwemirhumo yobisi, inyama yeenkomo kunye neenkukhu . Le yona ngongoma enkulu yokunamathela. Ukuxhaswa kwezolimo ezifunyenwe yiinkampani zase-US ne-EU zithintele impumelelo yeengxoxo zeentetho zezohwebo ezenziwa ngu- World Trade Organization . Inyaniso yokuba abalimi bazimisele ukulahlekelwa ukukhuselwa kwemali kwaba yimpumelelo enkulu kubaxoxisana.
La mazwe ayavuma ukuvula ama- industrial industries . Oku kunokubangela iindleko zengingqi ngenkqubela ixabiso lemoto namaloli. I-United States inqobile imfazwe malunga noMgaqo-nkqubo woTywala wamaZwe oTyalo-mali. Oku kunika iinkampani zamanye amazwe amalungelo amaninzi okumangalela urhulumente kunamafemu asekhaya. Ekubuyiseleni, iUnited States yavuma ukuthintela ukurhweba iteksi . Ayisoze avumela iinkampani zogqirha ukuba zisebenzise iipaneli zokubambisana ukuze zithethelele ilizwe irhafu okanye enye inqanda ukukhangisa i-cigarette.
Amanyathelo alandelayo
Umyalelo olawulayo weTrump uphonsa isivumelwano sonke umbuzo. Amanye amazwe aqhubeke nepropati ngaphandle kweUnited States. Basenokulindela kude iUnited States iqalise izivumelwano zombini kunye nazo. Baya kwenza njalo ukwazi ukuba indawo yabo yokuthintana ingabuthathaka. Kungokuthi banokucela i-China, uqoqosho olukhulu kwihlabathi , ukuthatha indawo yaseMelika kwisivumelwano. Oku kwakuza kutshintshela ngokubanzi ukulinganisela kwamandla ase-Asiya.
Ngaphambi komyalelo olawulayo, isivumelwano sasiye kwisigaba sokuqinisekisa. Oku kuthetha ukuba umthetho welizwe ngalinye kufuneka uvumelanise isivumelwano ngaphambi kokuba sisebenze. I-Congress yase-US yayineentsuku ezingama-90 ukuphonononga kunye nokuphikisana kwesivumelwano. Ikwazi ukuvota kuphela "ewe" okanye "hayi" kulo mcimbi. Ayikwazi ukutshintsha nayiphi na imimiselo yesivumelwano. Kungenxa yokuba iCongress yanikela umongameli umphathi wokukhuthaza ukuthengiswa kwezorhwebo ngomhla we-29 kuJuni, 2015. Ukuxoshwa kweTonga kwi-TPP kuthetha ukuba iCongress ayinalo ithuba lokuvota kwisivumelwano.