Ngaba uMongameli uxoxisana neZiko leeMfihlo zoRhwebo?
Ingaba isebenza kanjani
ICongress isebenzisa i-TPA ukubeka iinjongo zorhwebo.
Abathengisi kufuneka bathethe neCongress kulo lonke inkqubo. Amalungu aqinisekisa ukuba ahlangabezana neenjongo. Xa ulawulo luhambisa isivumelwano, iCongress ayikwazi ukutshintsha naziphi iinkcukacha. Ngaphandle koko, iCongress yayiza kuqiqa ngokucacileyo zonke iingongoma zokuthetha. Oku kwenza kube nzima ukukhipha ukunikezelwa kwamashishini abalingane.
I-Track Fast and Trump
UMongameli iTump ungasebenzisa i-TPA ekhoyo kude kube ngu-2021. Uyakudinga ukuba kuphinde ixoxisane nge-NAFTA kuba sivumelwano sohwebo lwehlabathi . Kodwa akayidingi kulo lonke i-ajenda yakhe yorhwebo. Uthe uthe ufuna kuphela ukuxoxisana neentlobo zezivumelwano zomhlaba . Ukuzila ngokukhawuleza akudingeki kulabo.
I-Track Fast ne-Obama
ICongress yanika uMongameli Obama igunya lokukhawuleza ngo-Juni 2015. Oku kwenza kube lula ukugqiba iingxoxo kwi- Trans-Pacific Partnership . Kwakhona kwavumela iingxoxo ezinzima kwi- Transatlantic Trade and Investment Partnership . Zomibini zazikhulu kuneSivumelwano seNtengiso yamaHlani saseNorth American , enkulu kwihlabathi.
Kodwa uMongameli uTrump waphuma kwi-TPP kwaye akazange abonise umdla omkhulu kwi-TTIP.
ICongress inikwe wonke umongameli ukusuka kuFranklin Roosevelt enye inguqu yegunya lokukhawuleza. Ixhasa ilungelo lomgaqo-siseko likamongameli kunye noorhulumente bamazwe angaphandle. ICongress inelungelo lomgaqo-siseko lokulawula intengiso yamazwe ngamazwe.
U-Obama ubengekho ngaphandle kwalo lonke ixesha. Ngaphambi koko, uMongameli uB Bush wanikezelwa ngokukhawuleza ngo-2002, kodwa waphela ngo-Juni 30, 2007. Ngaphandle kokukhawuleza, abaongameli banokubakho ixesha elilukhuni lokuqhubela izivumelwano zorhwebo ezintsha. Kuze kube ngo-2015, izivumelwano ezikuphela kuka-Obama ezityinwe zaxoxwa ngulawulo lwe-Bush . Ukufumana okungakumbi, jonga izivumelwano zoRhwebi zengingqi .
Inzuzo
I-TPA inika iUnited States ilizwi elimanyeneyo. Oku kunika amandla ngakumbi ukuxoxisana nezivumelwano zorhwebo noorhulumente bamazwe angaphandle. Ngaphandle kwayo, amanye amazwe awafuni ukwenza naluphi na ukhetho olunzima lwezopolitiko. Ezi zenzeka kwiinqanaba zokugqibela zentetho. Izwi elidibeneyo livumela i-US ukuba iphoselele ukulungelelanisa kakuhle abasebenzi baseMerika, abalimi kunye neenkampani.
I-TPA ivumela iUnited States ukuba ihlale ikhuphisana namanye amazwe. Baye bathetha ngokugqithisana izivumelwano zorhwebo ezingaphezu kwama-375. Uninzi kangakanani iMelika? Ngama-20 kuphela. Ngaphandle kwe-TPA, amazwe aya kuthetha nabathengisi base-US, kodwa angayigqiba le ngxelo. Yingakho kukho izivumelwano zorhwebo ezingaphezu kwe-100 kwinkqubo ephosakeleyo. (Umthombo: US Chamber of Commerce, Ukuvuselela iGunya lokuPhakanyiswa kwezoRhwebo.)
Iingxaki
I-Congress yayichasa ukuhlaziywa kwe-TPA ngezizathu ezibini.
Okokuqala, izivumelwano zorhwebo ziphikisana. Bandisa ukwanda koqoqosho, kodwa kubiza amashishini amaninzi kunye nabasebenzi abahle imisebenzi. Ngokomzekelo, imisebenzi eminyeneyo iya eMexico emva kokuba i-NAFTA isayinwe. Ushishino lwezolimo lwe-US alufuni ukulahlekelwa inkxaso-mali kaRhulumente. Baye bahlala kwindawo yokusukela kwiNkuthazo ePhambili . Kodwa le ngongoma ekuthethwa ngayo. Uninzi lwamazwe angaphandle alufuni ukungena kwexabiso eliphantsi kweMelika. Baya kufaka amafama abo basekuhlaleni.
Okwesibini, abaninzi kwiNgqungquthela bangathanda ukungena kwiinkcukacha zentengiso. Bona kunye nabamalungu abo baziva uMongameli wenza iingxoxo eziyimfihlo. Baxhalabele ukuba izivumelwano aziyi kubonakalisa ixabiso. Ngokomzekelo, abaninzi bafuna ukukhuselwa kwabasebenzi abangaphandle. Ngokwengxenye kungenxa yezizathu zomntu, ezifana nemithetho yomsebenzi wabantwana okanye izimo zokusebenza ezikhuselekileyo.
Kwakhona inzuzo. Ezi khuselo ziphakamisa iindleko zemveliso kubathengi bamanye amazwe
Abanye kwiCongress bafuna ukukhusela izikhundla zabo. Kuzo naziphi na izivumelwano zorhwebo, ezinye iindawo zihlupheke ngakumbi kunabanye. Abameli ngokwemvelo bafuna ukuqinisekisa ukuba isivumelwano asibizi imisebenzi yendawo. Yingakho i-TPA iyadingeka. Ngaphandle koko, amanye amalungu eCongress aya kuvimba zonke izivumelwano zorhwebo. I-TPA iqinisekisa ukuba iminqweno yesithili ayifani ngaphezu kwemfuno kazwelonke.
Imbali
UMthetho woRhwebi ka-1974 wanika kuqala uMongameli Nixon igunya lokukhuthaza ukuthengisa. Wawusebenzisa ukugqiba iingxoxo kwiSivumelwano esipheleleyo kwiTariffs kunye neRhwebo . ICongress yaqaphela iinjongo kwaye yayikulungele ukuphazamisa ukungalungi. UMthetho wezoRhwebo ufune ukuba iingxoxo zikaMongameli zibonisane neCongress ngethuba leengxoxo. Kufuneka baxelele iintsuku ezingama-90 ngaphambi kokuba basayinwe nayiphi na isivumelwano. (Umthombo: "IGunya lokuPhakanyiswa kweNtengiso," uManyano weeNkonzo zeeNkonzo.)