Iimpawu Eziqinileyo NgeSivumelwano Sokuthengisa Seyona Mhlaba
Isivumelwano seNtengiso yamaNtla-ntla yaseMntla American senziwa iminyaka engama-20 edlulileyo ukukhulisa urhwebo phakathi kwe-United States, Canada kunye neMexico . Injongo yaso yesibini yayikukwenza la mazwe akhuphisane ngakumbi kwimarike yomhlaba wonke. Kuye waphumelela ngokuphumelelayo ekuphumezeni iinjongo zombini. I-NAFTA ngoku iyona mkhulu mkhulu- melwano wezorhwebo kwihlabathi.
Kutheni, ngoko, i-NAFTA inokugxeka kakhulu? Impumelelo yayo ifika ngeendleko. Enye yeengxaki nge-NAFTA kukuba yanciphisa imisebenzi yase-US. Okwesibini ukungonakali kukuba lixhaphaze amafama aseMexico kunye nemeko yalo. Fumana okunye malunga nendlela kwaye i-NAFTA yenziwe njani, nokuba ingafezekisa ngempumelelo injongo yayo.
01 Yintoni eyenzekayo xa iTump iLawula i-NAFTA?
I-Trump isongela ukuba ihoxise i-NAFTA ukuba iMexico ayivumelani nale migaqo. Kwimeko enjalo, uya kubeka i-35 yeepesenti yentlawulo kwi-Mexican importation.
02 Imbali kunye nenjongo ye-NAFTA
03 NAFTA Inzuzo kunye neNgqungquthela
04 Iingenelo ze-NAFTA
Ixabiso lokutya liyehla ngenxa yokuba i-NAFTA inciphisa iindleko zemveliso evela eMexico naseCanada. Nangona oku kuthetha ukufuna okungaphantsi kwemveliso yezolimo yaseMelika, kukho imfuno ephezulu yexabiso lokutya ngenxa yokuba ukutya kubiza kakhulu ngonyaka.
Amanani e-oyile ayehla ngenxa yokuba iUnited States ngoku ingangenisa ininzi yeoli yayo eMexico naseCanada. Ukupheliswa kweentlawulo kunye nokungahambi kweengxaki zezopolitiko kwenza oku kuhlasele ngaphezu kokungenisa eMzantsi Mpuma.
Nangona i-NAFTA yandisa ukulahleka kwezorhwebo kwe- United States , iyanceda uqoqosho lwe-US ngokunyusa amazwe angaphandle. I-NAFTA yanda ukungenisa iimveliso zeChanada naseMexico zineentlobo ezinxulumene nazo. Kodwa ngexesha elifanayo, kwandiswe ukuthumela izinto kwi-United States ngokufanelekileyo, njengeenkonzo. Into ebalulekileyo malunga nezivumelwano zorhwebo kukuba nangona ilizwe lingenalo inzuzo yokuthelekisa kwimarike yehlabathi, banokufumana inzuzo phakathi kwamanye amazwe kwisivumelwano kwaye ke banyuse iimveliso zabo.
05 Iingxaki ze-NAFTA
I-NAFTA yabangela njani le ngxaki? Okokuqala, kubiza imisebenzi xa abakhiqizi befudukela eMexico ukuze bafumane ixabiso lentlawulo yezabasebenzi. Ezi zine zithi zihlupheke kakhulu zaseCalifornia, eNew York, eMichigan naseTexas. Ngaphambi kwe-NAFTA, eli lizwe linemixube ephezulu yeevenkile zezithuthi, iimpahla, iikhomputha kunye nezixhobo zombane. Lawo awona ma shishini anakho ukufudukela eMexico.
Umvuzo ophantsi eMexico unciphisa umvuzo we-US kunye neenzuzo. Kungenxa yokuba abasebenzi beevenkile zaseUnited States abazange bakwazi ukufumana umvuzo ophezulu. Izinkampani zinokusongela ukufuduka eMexico ukuba iimanyano zabasebenzi zixoxisana kakhulu. (Umthombo: Kate Bronfenbrenner, "I-Terrain engafanelekiyo: Impembelelo yokuThuthwa kweMali kwiBasebenzi, iMirholo, kunye neNyunyana yokuHlanganisa," iYunivesithi yaseConell, ngoSeptemba 6, 2000.)
Abanye bayamangalela i-NAFTA yokuxhaphaza abasebenzi baseMexico, ukutshabalalisa iifama zayo kunye nokungcolisa indawo yayo. Amafama aseMexico aseMaphandleni ayengenakukwazi ukukhuphisana namafutha asezantsi aseMelika axhaswayo kunye nezinye izilwanyana. Amafama aseMexico awakwazi ukuhlala kwi shishini atyanzelwa ukuba asebenzise amaninzi amaninzi kunye nomhlaba wasemaphandleni ukuze baphile. Okudala ukungcola nokukhungulwa kwamahlathi.
Umsebenzi kwiProgram ye-maquiladora yaseMexico yayingabizi kuba abasebenzi babengenalo amalungelo abasebenzi okanye ukhuseleko lwempilo. Ndiyabulela ku-NAFTA, malunga nesithathu sezandla zabasebenzi baseMexico esebenza kwiimeko ezingekho phantsi kwalo msebenzi.