Kutheni kungekhona iMelika Yeyona Mhlaba Eyona Mkhulu Kakhulu?
I-America inako ukuthumela izinto ezininzi. Kungenxa yokuba kuphela iipesenti ezi-1 zamashishini aseMelika athengisa ngaphandle. Ngenxa yoko, iUnited States ngowona wesithathu mkhulu welizwe. Iwela emva kweTshayina kunye neYurophu yaseYurophu , kwaye ijikeleze iJamani .
Iimveliso eziphezulu ze-US
I-United States ithumela i-1.55 trillion kwiimpahla, okanye i-thirds of all exports. Njengamazwe amaninzi, iUnited States ithumela iimpahla ezininzi kuneenkonzo. Abantu banokubukeka, bazive baze baqhathanise ixabiso lentengiso yelizwe nakwamanye amazwe. Bayaqaphela xa kuziwa kwiinkonzo. Bakhetha ukuthembela kubantu basekuhlaleni ababaziyo kunye nabathembayo.
Iimpahla eziyinkunzi ziyinxalenye ephuma phambili yokuthumela ngaphandle. Kungenxa yokuba iinkampani zase-US zisekelwe kwiimfuno zezinye iifemu zelizwe. Kwimali eyi-533 yezigidigidi kwiimpahla eziphambili, amazwe angama-64 aphuma kwiintlobo ezintandathu.
- Inqwelo-moya (i-121 121 billion), eyenziwa nguBoing no-Lockheed-Martin.
- Matshini oshishino (i-$ 57 billion), esebenzisa ama-1.3 million aseMerika.
- Semiconductors (i-$ 48 billion), ngokuyinhloko i-Intel ne-Qualcomm.
- Izixhobo zombane (iibhiliyoni ezingama-43), ngokubanzi i-GE.
- I-Telecommunications (i-$ 38 billion).
- Izixhobo zonyango ($ 35 billion). Ngokungafani nabanye abaninzi abaphathi be-export, ama-80 engama-80 ekhulwini zeenkampani zonyango ziinkampani ezincinci.
Oku kulandelayo izibonelelo zorhwebo kunye nezixhobo . I-United States ithumela i-$ 463 yezigidigidi zezinto ezisetyenziswa ngabavelisi. Uninzi lwalo luyimveliso yeoli kunye neoli. Naphinda kwakhona, iindawo ezininzi eziphathekayo zininzi zorhwebo. Baye baqhelanise neempembelelo, iinkokheli kunye neenkqubo zabo zabathengi abaziintloko.
I-oil based based exports ziquka ezi zigaba ezine.
- Iikhemikhali ($ 77 billion). Eli candelo libulela ngamandla kwi-US patent protection. Elinye kweelungelo elilodwa lemvume elenzelwe ukhemikhali. Ininzi yazo i-product-products of oil.
- Ioli yamafutha (i-38 billion). Leoli yatshiswa ngenxa yeoli eyimbi kunokuba i-petroli.
- Iimveliso zePetroleum ($ 71 billion). I-Exxon-Mobil, iChevron kunye neConoco-Phillips yizona zivelisi ezinkulu zeoli.
- Iplastiki (i-$ 34 billion). Lo ngumkhiqizo weoli. Icandelo liqeshe abasebenzi abangama-900,000.
Olu hlobo olulandelayo luninzi lwamayeza oluthile lusetyenziso lweoli, nangona luyimveliso . Le yegolide engekho-mali, kwi-$ 21 yezigidigidi.
Iimpahla zabathengi zenza iipesenti ezingama-13 zamazwe angaphandle, kuma-198 biliyoni. Le nto ininzi imithi (i-$ 51 billion), iifowuni (i-$ 27 billion) kunye ne-diamonds eninzi (i-$ 21 billion). Inkcitho yabathengi iqhuba iipesenti ezingama-70 zoqoqosho. Amava amaqumrhu ase-US kwimarike yasekhaya idala inzuzo yokukhuphisana kwimarike yehlabathi.
Iimoto zilandelayo, kwi-10 ekhulwini (i-$ 158 billion) yazo zonke iimpahla ezithunyelwa ngaphandle. Abakhi bamakhulu abakhulu be-US baseM GM, Ford kunye neChrysler kwaze kwaba ngongoma- mali we-2008 . Ukuxhaswa kwemoto kubanyanzelise ukuba baphumelele kwaye baphumelele kwihlabathi.
Imveliso yezolimo yintengiso ephumayo, kwi-133 yezigidigidi. Ushishino lwezolimo lufumana inkxaso-mali karhulumente wase-US. Oko kwenza ukuba babe nexabiso eliphantsi kunezokhuphiswano zangaphandle. Ngenxa yoko, eli candelo lithatha inzuzo enkulu kuyo nayiphi na imvumelwano yokurhweba idlulayo. Imveliso enkulu yezolimo ezithunyelwa ngaphandle iphuculwa ngokusetyenziswa kwezinto zobunjineli kunye nezongezelelo zeekhemikhali. Bobabini banciphisa iindleko zemveliso. Bazi:
- IiSoybe (iibhiliyoni eziyi-22 zamaRandi), ezisetyenziswe ngokusisondlo kwaye zenziwe ngezolimo.
- Inyama kunye neenkukhu (iibhiliyoni ezingama-19), eziphakanyiswayo zisebenzisa i-antibiotics.
- Ingqolowa (i-$ 10 billion), nayo iveliswa ngezofuzo.
Iinkonzo zenza enye inxalenye yesithathu yeentengo zangaphandle, kwii-778 zeebhiliyoni. Iinkonzo zaseMelika ezithunyelwa ngaphandle kwezona zininzi zixhasa iinkalo ezinkulu zeempahla. Ngokomzekelo, iimpawu ezinceda iinkampani zase-US ukuba ziphumelele kwiinqwelo zorhwebo nazo zinceda iinkampani zokuhamba.
Leyona nto ibaluleke kakhulu kwi-export service, kwi-$ 291 yezigidigidi. Okulandelayo ikhompyutha kunye nezinye iinkonzo zoshishino kwi $ 194 zeebhiliyoni. Ukukhuselwa kwepropati yepropati, ukuhlawula kunye neemali zeelayisensi yi-$ 124 yezigidigidi. Iibhanki kunye nezinye iinkonzo zemali zithunyelwa ngaphandle kwe-$ 121 billion kwiinkonzo. Iikontraka zikaRhulumente, kuquka ukukhusela , zigidi ezingama-20 zeebhiliyoni.
Kutheni iUnited States Engayithumeli ngakumbi
I-United States ingenisa ngaphandle kwezinto ezithunyelwa ngaphandle . Kutheni ungakwazi ukuthumela ngaphezulu?
Okokuqala, iChina, iIndiya kunye namanye amazwe athengayo athengisa imilinganiselo yokuphila . Oko kuvumela ukuba benze iimpahla zabathengi abangabizi ngaphaya kwababasebenzi base-US. Ngamanye amazwi, bangcono ekuveliseni ezinye izinto abasebenzisi base-US abayidingayo kuneenkampani zaseMerika. Bafumana inzuzo yokufanisa .
Okwesibini, ezinye iinkampani zaseYurophu nezamaJapan zenza iimoto ezibhetele kangcono kuneenkampani zase-US. Abanamalungelo baseMelika bathanda iimoto zangaphandle ukwenza iHondas, i-Toyotas kunye ne-BMWs ezidumiweyo. Ngokufanayo, ukutya okukhethekileyo kumazwe angaphandle: ii-croissants zaseFransi kunye newayini, i-tequila yaseMexico kunye ne-Greek feta cheese.
Okwesithathu, uqoqosho lwase-United States lusekelwe kwioli. Ngelixa ioli yenye yezona zizwe ezinkulu zeMelika, kwakhona kukungenisa kwayo enkulu. Kungenxa yokuba amaMerika asasebenzisa ioli ngakumbi kunokuba ilizwe likwazi ukuvelisa. Kodwa iguqula ukubonga kwimveliso yeoli ye-shale eMontana naseTexas. I- shale oil boom yaholela ekuhlaleni . I-Oversupply yabangela ukuba ixabiso leoli liwe, ukunyanzelisa ezinye iinkampani ezincinci ngaphandle kweshishini.
Kutheni iUnited States ingayisebenzisi yonke ioli yekhaya kunye nokunqunyulwa kwamanye amazwe? IJografi esinye isizathu. Kulula ukuthumela i-oli ye-oli kwiidolophu ngaphesheya komda weCanada kunokuyithumela eFlorida, umzekelo. Kwakhona, amanye amabakala eoli ayilanga ngokwaneleyo ukusetyenziswa kwe-US. Bathunyelwa kwamanye amazwe angayisebenzisa.