Isizathu Esinyaniyo Imisebenzi yaseMerika iya eChina
I-United States ingenisa i-electronics abathengi, izambatho kunye noomatshini baseChina. Uninzi lwezinto ezingeniswayo zivela kubakhiqizi base-US abathumela izinto ezisetyenzisiweyo kwiChina kwendibano ebiza ngeendleko. Emva kokuba babuyiselwe eUnited States, bajongwa njengeengeniso.
Iingxaki zoLwabiwo-mali
I-China inokuvelisa iimpahla ezininzi zabathengi ngeendleko eziphantsi kunamanye amazwe. AmaMelika ngokuqinisekileyo afuna ezi zinto kwixabiso eliphantsi. I-China igcina njani ixabiso eliphantsi kangaka? Uninzi lwezoqoqosho luyavuma ukuba intengo yeChina yokuncintisana yimbangela yezinto ezimbini:
- Umgangatho ophantsi wokuphila , ovumela iinkampani zaseChina ukuba zihlawule umvuzo ophantsi kwabasebenzi.
- Izinga lokutshintshiselwa elincinci kwi dollar.
Oko kuthetha ukuba iinkampani ezininzi zaseMelika azikwazi ukukhuphisana neendleko eziphantsi zaseChina. Ngenxa yoko, imisebenzi yokukhiqiza yase-US ilahlekile. Ukususela ngamaxesha, ama-legislators azama ukunyanzelisa iirhafu okanye ezinye iindlela zokukhusela i- China ukubuyisela imisebenzi.
Ukuba iUnited States iphumelele ukukhuselwa kwezorhwebo, abathengi base-US baya kufuneka bahlawule amaxabiso aphezulu kwizinto zabo "Made in America". Yingakho kungenakwenzeka ukuba ulwaphulo lwezorhwebo luya kutshintsha. Uninzi lwabantu luyakwazi ukuhlawula ngokuncinci kangangoko kunokwenzeka kwiikhomputha, i-electronics kunye nezambatho, nangona oko kuthetha ukuba abanye baseMerika baphulukana nemisebenzi yabo.
I-China yiyoqoqosho olukhulu kwihlabathi . Kwakhona kunabantu abaninzi behlabathi. Oko kuthetha ukuba kufuneka ukwahlula umveliso walo phakathi kwabahlali abayi-1.4 billion. Indlela eqhelekileyo yokulinganisa imilinganiselo yokuphila ngumkhiqizo owenziweyo ekhaya . Ngo-2017, i-GDP yeChina nganye yayiyi $ 16,600. Iinkokheli zaseChina zizama ngamandla ukuba uqoqosho lukhule ngokukhawuleza ukuphakamisa imigangatho yokuphila kwelizwe.
Ba khumbula i-Mao's Cultural Revolution kakuhle. Bayazi ukuba abantu baseTshayina abayi kwamkela umgangatho ophantsi wokuphila ngonaphakade.
I-China ibeka ixabiso lemali yayo, i- yuan , ukulingana nexabiso lebhaksi yee currenti ezibandakanya idola. Ngamanye amazwi, iChina ikhonkxa imali yayo kwidola ngokusebenzisa isilinganiselo esitshintshiselweyo sokutshintshiselwa . Xa idola lilahlekelwa lixabiso, iChina ithengisa idola nge- US Treasurys ukuyixhasa. Ngonyaka we-2016, iChina yaqala ukuphumla umgodla wayo. Ifuna ukuba i-market force ibe nefuthe elikhulu kwixabiso le-yuan. Ngenxa yoko, idola ukuguqulwa kwe-yuan iye yanyuka kakhulu. Iimpembelelo zaseChina kwidola lihlala likhulu.
Indlela Echaphazela Ngayo Uqoqosho Lwase-US
I-China kufuneka ithenge amaninzi amaninzi e-US Treasury ukuba ngumthengisi omkhulu kunabo bonke baseburhulumenteni base-US. IJapan ngowona wesibini mkhulu. Ukususela ngoJanuwari 2018, ityala le- US eChina laliyi $ 1.17 trillion. Iingama-19 zeepesenti zikarhulumente ezipheleleyo zamanye amazwe. Abaninzi banenkxalabo yokuba oku kunika i-China umgaqo-nkqubo wezopolitiko kumgaqo-nkqubo wezemali wase-US. Bakhathazeka malunga nokuba kwenzeke ntoni xa bebungozi bokubiza umnxeba.
Ngokuthenga i-Treasurys, iChina yanceda ukugcina amaxabiso e- US aphantsi. Oko kwandinceda i-US
ukuhlaziywa kwezindlu, okukhokelela kwingxaki yenkxaso-mboleko ye-subprime . Ukuba iChina yayiyeke ukuthenga i-Treasurys, ixabiso lomdla liya kuphakama . Oku kungaphonsa iUnited States kunye nehlabathi kwihlabathi. Kodwa oku kungayi kuba yinto enhle kwiChina, njengoko abathengi baseUnited States babeza kuthengisa iimveliso ezimbalwa zaseTshayina. Enyanisweni, i-China iyathenga phantse i-Treasurys eninzi.
Iinkampani zase-US ezingenakho ukukhuphisana nempahla engaphantsi kweTshayina kufuneka zinciphise iindleko zazo okanye ziphume kwishishini. Amashishini amaninzi anciphisa iindleko zabo ngokugqithisa imisebenzi kwiChina okanye eNdiya , eyongezelela ukungasebenzi kwe- US. Amanye amashishini asomile nje. Ukwenziwa kwe-US , njengoko kulinganiswa nenani lemisebenzi, kunqatshelwe ama-34 ekhulwini phakathi kuka-1998 no-2010. Njengoko la ma shishini awanqabile, ngokunjalo ukuncintisana kwama-US kwindawo yokuthengisa.
Yintoni eyenziwe
UMongameli uDonald Trump wathembisa ukunciphisa ukulahleka kwezorhwebo neChina.
Ngo-Matshi 1, ngo-2018, wachaza ukuba uya kubeka i-25 yeepesenti yentlawulo kwi-intanethi engeniswayo kunye nentlawulo ye-10 ye-aluminium. Imirhumo iya kuphakamisa iindleko zokungeniswa kwensimbi, ezivela kwiChina. Uqoqosho lwawo luxhomeke kakhulu kwizinto zentsimbi ezithunyelwa ngaphandle. Ukuthuthwa kweTrump kuza emva kwenyanga emva kokumisela iintlawulo kunye neengqapheli kwiipaneli zelanga kunye namayeza okuhlamba. I-China iye yaba yinkokheli yehlabathi kwi-panel panel. Imakethe yemasheya yawa, njengoko abahlalutyi bexhalaba izenzo zikaTrump zingaqalisa imfazwe yorhwebo .
Ulawulo lweTrump luya kuphuhlisa amanye amanyathelo okukhusela amaChina . Inokumisela iintlawulo kwiirhafu ezigidi ezingama-30 zamaTshayina. Ifuna iChina ukuba isuse iimfuneko ukuba iinkampani zase-US zidlulisele ubugcisa kwiifemu zaseShayina. I-China idinga ukuba iinkampani zenze oku ukwenzela ukufikelela kwiimakethe zaseChina.
UTump ucele uChina ukuba enze okungakumbi ukuphakamisa imali yayo. Uthi iChina yenze i-yuan ingabalulekanga ngama-15 ukuya kuma-40 ekhulwini. Kwakuyinyaniso ngo-2000. Kodwa uNobhala weNgxowa-mali uNksz Hank Paulson uqalise iNkulumko yezoQoqosho ngezoQoqosho eChina ngo-2006. Waqinisekisa i-People's Bank yaseTshayina ukuqinisa ixabiso le- yuan malunga nedola . Ukwanda kweepesenti 2-3 ngonyaka phakathi kuka-2000 no-2013. UNobhala wezeMali we-US uJack Lew waqhubeka nencoko phakathi nolawulo luka - Obama . Ulawulo lweTrump luqhubekele intetho de zagqitywa ngoJulayi 2017.
Idola yayomeleza ama- 25 ekhulwini ngo-2014 no-2015. Yathatha iYunan yaseTshayina nayo. IShayina kwafuneka iyancitshiswe iindleko ngakumbi ukukhuphisana neenkampani zasezantsi-mpuma Asia. Yingakho i-PBOC yazama ukunyusa i-yuan kwi-dollar ngo-2015. I-yuan yanyuka ngokukhawuleza. Oku kwabonisa ukuba i-yuan yayingaphezulu. Ukuba i-yuan yayingabalulekanga, njengeTrump ibango, yayiza kuphakama.