IiRhafu zokuTshintshiselwa kweeNkcazo, iiNkqubo zabo kunye nokuThengisa ngeeMzekelo

Oko i-Riyal, iLevi, ne-Krone Yonke ifana nayo

Isilinganiso sokutshintshiselwa kweso sithuba xa ilizwe libopha ixabiso lemali yalo kwezinye izinto ezisetyenziswa ngokubanzi okanye iimali. Namhlanje, amanqanaba amaninzi okutshintshiselwa atshintshwe kwi- dollar yase - US . Kungenxa yokuba idola isetyenziselwa ezininzi iintengiso kwiintengiso zamazwe ngamazwe . Amazwe abuye alungise iirhafu zabo kwiiqabane zabo zorhwebo ngokuqhelekileyo.

Kwixesha elidlulileyo, iimali zenziwe zijoliswe kwixabiso legolide.

Ngo- 1944 IsiVumelwano seBretton Woods , amazwe avumile ukumbumba zonke iirhafu kwiidola. I-United States yavuma ukukhulula yonke idola ngegolide. UMongameli uNixon wathatha idola ngokusuka kumgangatho wegolide ngo-1971 ukuphelisa umnotho. Nangona kunjalo, amazwe amaninzi agcina iimali zabo zithatha i dollar . Kungenxa yokuba idola liyimali yokugcina umhlaba . Wagqiba imbali yeminyaka engama-200 yemigangatho yegolide .

Isilinganiso sokutshintshiselwa esitshintshileyo sikuxelela ukuba unako ukutshintshisisa imali yakho ngemali enye. Ikuvumela ukuba ubone ukuba uninzi lwemali onokuyithengisa enye. Ngokomzekelo, ukuba uya eSaudi Arabia, uyazi ukuba idola liya kukuthenga 3.75 abantu baseSaudi. Kungenxa yokuba izinga lokutshintshiselana kweedola kuma-riyals lichanekile. I-Saudi Arabia yenza loo nto kuba i-export prime, ioli, ixabiso lentlawulo yeerandi zase-US. Zonke iikontraka zeoli kunye neenkonkontrakthi ezininzi zehlabathi zibhalwa kwaye ziqhutywa ngeedola.

Inzuzo

Isilinganiselo esitshintshiselwe ukutshintshisa sinika ukuzinza kwemali Abatyalomali bayazi ukuba yintoni imali efanelekileyo. Oko kwenza amabhizinisi ezwe anqwenele kubatyalomali abangaphandle. Akunakuze bazikhusele kwiimpembelelo zasendle ngexabiso lemali. Bayibeka ingozi yabo yemali.

Izwe liyakwazi ukukhusela ukunyuka kwamaxabiso xa lilungisa imali yayo kwintando efana neDola okanye i-euro. Inzuzo kwi-economic economy yelizwe. Njengoko iUnited States okanye i-EU ikhula, imali yayo iyenjenjalo. Ngaphandle kweso shintsho esitshintshiselweyo, imali yelizwe elincinci iya kudibanisa. Ngenxa yoko, ukungeniswa kwamanye amazwe kuqoqosho olukhulu luya kubiza. Okungenisa iimveliso.

Ngokomzekelo, inani le- dollar li-3.75 kuma-Saudi riyals. Masithi umbhobho weoli uxabisa i-$ 100, okanye i-375 riyals. Ukuba idola liqinisa iipesenti ezingama-20 ngokubhekiselele kwi-euro, ixabiso le-riyal, elijoliswe kwi-dollar, liye laphakama ama-20 ekhulwini malunga ne-euro. Ukuthenga iintlanzi zaseFransi, i-Saudis ihlawula ngaphantsi kokuyenza ngaphambi kokuba idola liqiniswe . Yingakho i-Saudis ingazange ifune ukunciphisa ukunikezelwa njengamaxabiso eoli yawela ku-$ 50 ngomgqomo ngo-2014 . Ixabiso lentengo yinto ekuthengayo kuwe. Ukuba uninzi lwelizwe lakho lokungeniswa kwelizwe liye, ke inani elitshintshiselweyo lokutshintshwa kweso mali liza kuzinzisa amaxabiso.

Elinye ilizwe elikhulula isantya esitshintshiselweyo shintsho yiChina . Idibanisa ukubaluleka kwemali yayo, i- yuan , kwibhaksi yee-currenti kuquka nedola. Ngo-Agasti, kwavumela ukuba izinga elimisiweyo liyehluka ngokuhambelana nomyinge wokuvala.

Igcina i yuan kwi-2 ye-intanethi eqinile kwintengiso yeenxa zonke kwesoxabiso.

I-China kufuneka ishintshe ngokutshintshile izinga lokutshintshiselana kwe-yuan kwidola . Urhulumente wase-US uxinzelele urhulumente waseTshayina ukuba avumele ukuphakama kwe-yuan kwixabiso. Kwakudinga ukuba amazwe ase-US athengiswe ngenjongo yokukhuphisana ngentengo kwiChina. Kwakhona kwenza ukuba amazwe aseTshayina angene kwi-US ayabiza. Inzame yokunciphisa intengiso ye-US kunye neChina .

Iingxaki

Isilinganiso sokutshintshiselwa ngokutsha singabiza ukugcina. Ilizwe kufuneka libe neendawo zokugcina utshintshi lwamazwe angaphandle ukulawula ixabiso lexabiso lemali.

Imali yelizwe ingaba yinjongo yabaqapheli. Bangakwazi "ukufutshane" ngemali, ukuqhuba ngokufanelekileyo ukuxabisa ixabiso layo. Ibhanki ephakathi kufuneka iguqulwe utshintshiselwano lwayo lwangaphandle ukuze luqhube ixabiso lemali yalo. Ukuba ayinayo ngokwaneleyo, kuya kufuneka inyuse izinga lentengo.

Oku kuya kubangela ukunyuka kwemali.

Oko kwenzeka kwi-pound yaseBrithani ngo-1992. UGeorge Soros wagcina ephazamise i-pounds de i-britan central bank yanikezela kwaye yavumela i-pound ukuba ifakwe. Ngo-2014, kwenzeka ukuba iSwitzerland ifune ukukhulula i-franc yaseSwiss ukusuka ekulungiseni kwayo ukuya kwi-euro, eyayiye yehla ngexabiso.

U mzekelo

Kukho iindlela ezininzi zokugcina amazinga okutshintshiselwa. Ifomu ecocekileyo yilapho ixabiso layo lixhomekeke kwixabiso elibekwe kwixabiso elilodwa. Amazwe amaninzi alungiselela ixabiso elibekiweyo kwibhaskiti yee currenti. Abanye balondoloza imali yabo ngaphakathi kwimiba. Bawugubungela kwixabiso elilodwa okanye kwibhakethi yee-currencies. Nayi imimiselo yohlobo ngalunye.

Imali eqinisekisiwe kwixabiso elibekiweyo kwiMali enye

La mazwe athembise ukuba ahlale esinika imali efanayo kwixabiso ngalinye kwiyunithi nganye yemali apho ichanekileyo.

Izwe Imali I-Peg (ngo-1/15/18) Ulungisiweyo:
Bhahamas Dollar yaseBahamian 1.00 Idola laseMelika
Bruneyi Dollar yaseBrunei 1.00 YaseSingapore dollar
Bhulgariya Lev 1.90 Yurophu
Dominikha Krone 7.45 Yurophu
ehong Kong YaseKong Kong idola 7.75 Idola laseMelika
ISaudi Arabia I-Riyal 3.75 Idola laseMelika
Venezuwela IBolivar 9.95 Idola laseMelika

Umrhumo weMali oThengisiweyo

Izwe Imali Ibhodi Fixed To
KwiChina Yuan I-2% yebhanki ye-yorhwebo ejikelezayo ngeyure Ibhasiki elingene kwiDola ye-US
Singapho YaseSingapore dollar Ukulawulwa kwintengiso yebhanki ukuvumela ukunyuka okufutshane Basketball
Viyethnam Dong I-2% yebhanki yezohwebo (i-value 12/30/16) Idola laseMelika