Ngaba Ubukrakra "Uthatha Ubungakanani Bomoya Wezinto Eziphilayo?"
Emva koko wafanisa iUnited States "neyinkampani engasebenziyo" ukuba ukuhaha kungasindisa.
Inqaku lakhe elilandelayo lathi, "Amerika sele abe namandla okwesibini.
Zombini zale ngongoma zilapha ngaphezu kwezi-1980. Okokuqala iYurophu YaseYurophu (ngo-2007), kwaye i- China (ngo-2014), yadlula i-United States njengezoqoqosho ngobukhulu behlabathi. Ithenda le- US ngoku likhulu kunelo lizwe lonke lezoqoqosho. Ilahleko lezorhwebo liye landa kakhulu kwiminyaka engamashumi amabini anesibini edlulileyo.
Ubuhaha Bubi
Ngaba ukuhaha kungendawo? Ngaba unokufumana ingxaki yezimali ngo-2008 emva kokunyuka kukaMichael Milkin, u-Ivan Boesky noCarl Icahn. Aba ngaba bathengisi be-Wall Street apho i-movie yayisekelwe kuyo. Ubukrakra kubangela ukukhuseleka okungenakugwema okwenza iibhola ze-asethi . Ngako oko ukunyuka kuninzi kubangela ukuba abatyalo-mali babone iimpawu zokuxwayisa zokuwa. Ngonyaka ka-2005, abazange bawunamathele umgca wokuvelisa isivuno esichasayo .
Ngokuqinisekileyo kuyinyaniso yenkxalabo yezimali ka-2008 xa abathengisi badalwe, bathenga baza bathengisa iimveliso eziyinkimbinkimbi.
Eyona nto eyonakalisayo yayiyimfihlo yokubambisa imali . Babencike kwii-mortgage zangempela. Baqinisekiswe yi-inshurensi ephuma ebizwa ngokuba yi- credit default change . Ezi zisebenza kude kube ngo-2006. Yilapho amaxabiso ezindlu aqala ukuwa. I-Fed yaqalisa ukunyusa izinga lentengo ngo-2004.
Ababambisi beemali ziza kuhlawulwa ngokukhawuleza kunokuba babenokungathengisa indlu. Ayekho. Ngenxa yoko, akukho mntu wayazi ixabiso leemali ezixhaswe ngemali. Iinkampani ezinjenge-AIG ezibhale i-credit default swaps zaphuma ngaphandle kwemali. I-Federal Reserve kunye neSebe le-US Treasury kufuneka likhishwe i-AIG, kunye noFannie Mae, uFreddie Mac, kunye neebhanki ezinkulu.
Ubuhaha Bu lungile
Okanye ukuhaha, njengokuba uGordon Gekko ubonise, kukuhle? Mhlawumbi, ukuba indoda yokuqala yokumangcwaba ayifuni ngokukrakra inyama ephekiweyo kunye nomhume ofudumeleyo, akazange akhathazeke ukuba angaqala njani umlilo. Mhlawumbi uMilton Friedman noFriedrich Hayek bekunene. Bathi ibutho lemali lentengiso yamahhala , xa lishiywe ngokwabo ngaphandle kokuphazamiseka kukaRhulumente, likhulula iimpawu ezilungileyo zokuhaha. Ubunkokheli-mthetho ngokwawo busekelwe kwindlela ephilileyo yokuhaha.
Ngaba i- Wall Street , i-central capitalism yase-Amerika, isebenze ngaphandle kokuhaha? Mhlawumbi akunjalo, kuba kuxhomekeke kwisizathu senzalo . Iibhanki, i- hedge funds kunye nabathengisi bamasheya abaqhuba i-American financial system bathengise kwaye bathengise ama- stocks . Amaxabiso axhomekeke kwimbuyekezo ephantsi, yenye enye igama ngenzuzo. Ngaphandle kwenzuzo, akukho makethi yemasheya, akukho Wall Street kunye nekhompyutha.
Ubuhaha Buhle Kwimbali
Umongameli uRonald Reagan uququzelele ukuba "ukunyanzela kulungile" kwee-1980 zaseMelika. URagag wayengummeli woqoqosho lwe-laiss-faire . Wayekholelwa ukuba imarike yamahhala kunye neengxowa-mali yayiza kuxazulula iintlungu zelizwe. I-Reaganomics ijolise ekunciphiseni iindleko zikaRhulumente , irhafu kunye nomgaqo . Injongo yayikuvumela ukuba amandla okubonelela kunye nokufuna ukulawula imarike engabonakaliyo.
Ngowe-1982, uReagan waqhelisa ibhanki. Kwakhokelela kwingxaki yokulondoloza nokuboleka imali ngo-1989 . Walahlekisa imboni yenkampani yeenqwelo-moya, ekwakheni imboni yexabiso eliphantsi kwexabiso eliphantsi neliphantsi. Kukho konke, wanciphisa imimiselo ngokukhawuleza kunokulawula ulawulo lweCarter.
UReagan wasebenzisa i- Nknesian economics ukuphelisa umnotho we-1981. Waphinda kabini ityala lelizwe . Ngethuba lakhe, iindleko zikaRhulumente zenyuka iipesenti ezi-2.5 ngonyaka.
Reagan yandise iMedare. Kwakhona wandise irhafu yokuhlawula umvuzo ukuze kuqinisekiswe i-Solvency yoLuntu loKhuseleko .
UMongameli uHerbert Hoover wayekholelwa ukuba ukuhaha kwaba kuhle. Wayechasa ukungenelela ekunqumeni ukuCaluleka okukhulu . Unxhala lokuba uncedo lwezoqoqosho luya kwenza abantu bayeke ukusebenza. Wayefuna ukuba i-marhwebo isebenze emva kwe- 1929 ukukhwabanisa kwemarike .
Nangemva kokuba iCongress icinezele uHoover ukuba athathe isenzo, wayeza kunceda amabhizinisi kuphela. Wayekholelwa ukuba ukuphumelela kwabo kwakuza kunqumla kumntu oqhelekileyo. Nangona umnqweno wokuhlalutya uhlahlo lwabiwo-mali, uHoover wongezelela i-$ 6 billion kwi-matyala.
Kutheni kungabikho "inzondo" efihlekileyo eyenziwa ngobomi bokwenene? I-United States ayizange ibe nemakethe yemeko ekhululekile. Urhulumente uye wasoloko engenelela ngokusebenzisa iinkqubo zentlawulo kunye neerhafu. UNobhala weSebe lezeMali u-Alexander Hamilton wamisela iintlawulo kunye neerhafu ukuhlawula ityala elivela kwiMfazwe yeNguqulelo. Yenze ityala lokuhlawula iMfazwe ye-1812 kunye neMfazwe yombutho. Ngona kwinqanaba elincinci, urhulumente unqanda imakethi yamahhala ngokurhafisa ezinye iimpahla ngaphandle kwabanye. Singaze sazi ukuba ukuhaha, ukushiya kumacebo, kunokuvelisa okulungileyo.