Ukusetyenziswa kweMveliso, i-Cons, kunye nemizekelo

Kutheni kutyelelo lweeNqwelo-moya luya kuba lusizi kakhulu, kunye nezinye iziphumo zoTywala

Utywala xa urhulumente ekwehlisa okanye ekupheliseni izithintelo kumashishini. Injongo yalo kukuphucula ukuphucula ukwenza ishishini. Isusa ummiselo ophazamisa amandla amafemu okukhuphisana, ikakhulukazi phesheya.

Amaqela angabathengi anokuphinda akhuphe ukulungiswa komthetho. Bachaza indlela iinkokeli zoshishino ezicocekileyo ngayo nabasemagunyeni abo.

Uthotho lwenzeka ngenye yeendlela ezintathu. Okokuqala, iCongress ingavota ukuchithwa komthetho.

Okwesibini, umongameli unokukhupha umyalelo wokulawula ukususa ummiselo. Okwesithathu, i-arhente yombuso inokuyeka ukunyanzelisa umthetho.

Iinkonzo

1. Abancinane, abadlali be-niche bakhululekile ukudala iimveliso ezintsha kunye neenkonzo ezintsha.
2. Imarike yamahhala ibeka amaxabiso. Amaxesha amaninzi awela phantsi ngenxa yoko.
3. Amashishini amakhulu kumashishini alawulwayo ahlala elawula i-arhente yazo yolawulo. Emva kwexesha, bahlanganisa amandla. Bese bakha iindawo ezizodwa .
4. Imigaqo ibiza i-$ 2 trillion ekuhlaleni kwezoqoqosho, ngokutsho koMbutho weSizwe wabakhiqizi. Iinkampani kufuneka zisebenzise imali-mali ukuthobela imithetho ye-federal endaweni yokutshala imali kwisityalo, izixhobo kunye nabantu.

Umxhasi

1. Iibhola ze-Asset zinokuthi zakha kwaye ziqhekeke, zidale iintlungu kunye nokuhanjiswa .
2. Amashishini aneendleko ezinkulu zengqalasizinda zifuna inkxaso karhulumente ukuba iqalise. Imizekelo ibandakanya amashishini kagesi kunye namashishini.
3. Abathengi bavelele ekukhohliseni kunye nokuthatha ingozi ngokweqile ngamashishini.

1. Iinkxalabo zentlalo zilahlekile. Ngokomzekelo, amashishini awanaki umonakalo kummandla.
2. Iindawo zasemaphandleni kunye nezinye izibonelelo ezingenakunceda zingagcinwanga.

Umzekelo: Ukusetyenziswa kweBhanki

Ngama-1980, iibhanki zafuna ukulungiswa kwemvume ukuba zikwazi ukuncintisana namazwe ngamazwe angaphandle. Bayafuna iCongress ukuba ichithe i- Glass-Steagall Act ka-1933 .

Inqatshelwe ibhanki yokuthengisa ngokusebenzisa idipozithi ukuxhasa imali yokuthenga i-stock market . Njengeminye imimiselo yezemali , yakhusela abatyalo-mali besengozini kunye nobuqhetseba.

Ngo-1999, iibhanki zanqwenela. Umthetho we-Gramm-Leach-Bliley ususwe iGlasi-Steagall. Ngokubuyisela, iibhanki zathembisa ukutyalo kuphela kwiimali eziphantsi kobungozi. Bathi ezi zizahlukahluka iiphothifoliyo zazo kwaye zinciphise umngcipheko kubathengi babo. Kunoko, iifenimali zezimali zityalomali kwiimveliso ezinobungozi ukwenzela ukwandisa inzuzo kunye nexabiso lesabelo sabanikazi.

Amazwe angaphandle abeka utyeshelo lweengxaki zemali kwihlabathi. Ngo-2008, i- G-20 yabuza iUnited States ukuba yandise umgaqo-mali wee- hedge kunye namanye amafemu emali. Ulawulo lwe- Bush lugwebile, luthi loo mqathango wawuza kubangela ukuba iinkampani ze-US zenzele inzuzo yokukhuphisana .

Kwiminyaka emibini kamva, i-G-20 yafumana izinto eziliqela ezazicelile. I-Congress yadlulisela uMthetho we- Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform Act . Okokuqala, uMthetho ufune ukuba amabhanki athathe imali eninzi ukuze ahlasele ilahleko ezinkulu. Okwesibini, kubandakanya izicwangciso zokugcina iinkampani zibe zikhulu kakhulu ukuba zingaphumeleli . Inkulu kakhulu yayingumshwalense we- American International Group Group. Okwesithathu, kwakudinga ukuba iziphumo zithathwe kwii-intanethi ukuze kubekwe iliso elingcono.

Umzekelo: Ukutyalwa kwamanzi

Ngama-1990, ii-arhente zombuso kunye neseburhulumenteni ziqwalasela ukurhoxisa i-industry utility industry. Becinga ukuba ukhuphiswano luya kuhlawula inani labathengi.

Uninzi oluncedo lulwa nalo. Baye bachitha ixesha elininzi lokwakha izityalo, izitishi zamandla kunye nemigqaliselo yokudlulisela. Besafuna ukuzilondoloza. Abazange bafune iinkampani zamandla avela kwamanye amazwe ukuba basebenzise izibonelelo zabo ukuze bancintisane nabaxhasi babo.

Uninzi luye lwahlulwa. Babesempuma nasentshona-ntshona apho kwakukho ubuninzi benani lokuxhasa. Kodwa ubuqhetseba kwenzeka ngenkampani ebizwa ngo-Enron. Okuphelile nayiphi na imizamo yokulungisa umrhweba. Ukukhwabanisa kuka-Enron kwonakalisa ukuzithemba kwabathengi kwiimarike zamasheya. Ekhokelela kwi- Sarbanes-Oxley Act ka-2002 .

Umzekelo: Ukusetyenziswa koMoya

Kwiminyaka yama-1960 kunye neye-1970, iBhodi ye-Aeronautics yabasebenzi ibeka imimiselo eqinile kwishishini le-airline.

Yayilawula imizila kwaye isetyenziselwa ukuhamba. Ngenzuzo, yaqinisekisa inzuzo yeepesenti ezingama-12 kuyo nayiphi na indiza eyayingenani i-50 ekhulwini epheleleyo.

Ngenxa yoko, ukuhamba ngeenqwelo-moya kwakubiza kakhulu kangangokuba ama-80 ekhulwini aseMerika ayengakaze ahamba. Kwathatha ixesha elide iBhodi ukuba ivume iindlela ezintsha okanye ezinye iinguqulelo.

Ngo-Oktobha 24, 1978, uMthetho woTywala kwe-Airline usombulula le ngxaki. Ukhuseleko luyingxenye kuphela yoshishino elalihleliwe. Ukukhuphisana kwenyuka, iindleko zahla, kwaye abantu abaninzi beza esibhakabhakeni. Ngexesha elide, iinkampani ezininzi zazingenakukwazi ukuncintisana. Baye bahlanganiswa, bafumana okanye bahlaselwa. Ngenxa yoko, ii-airways ezine zilawula i-85 ekhulwini yemarike yase-US. Ziyimelika, iDelta, i-United kunye neMzantsi-ntshona. Okumangalisayo kukuba, ukulungiswa kwemithetho kuye kwakha i-close-monopoly.

Ukutywala kwakha iingxaki ezintsha. Okokuqala, izixeko ezincinci nakwii-middle-size, ezifana nePittsburgh neCincinnati, zingaphantsi. Akukona nje ngeendleko ezifanelekileyo kwiinqwelo-moya ezinkulu ukugcina ishedyuli epheleleyo. Abathwali abancinci bakhonza ezi zixeko, ngeendleko eziphezulu nangaphantsi kancinci. Okwesibini, ii-airways zihlawulwe izinto ezisebenzisayo ukuba zikhulule, njengokutshintsha kwetikiti, ukutya kunye nemithwalo. Okwesithathu, ukundiza ngokwayo kuye kwaba yinto edidayo. Abathengi baxhamla kwiindawo ezinqabileyo, iindiza ezininzi, kwaye zilinde ixesha elide.