Xa i-Economics-Down Economics isebenza
Uqoqosho olukhohlakeleyo luthatha abatyala-mali, abasindisi kunye nabanikazi benkampani ngaba ngabaqhubi bokwenene bokukhula. Ithembisa ukuba baya kusebenzisa nayiphi na imali eyongezelelweyo esuka kumacandelo okuhlawula irhafu ukwenzela ukwandisa ukukhula kwamashishini. Abatyalomali baya kuthenga ezinye iinkampani okanye iimpahla.
Amabhanki aya kwandisa imali. Abanikazi baya kufaka imali kwimisebenzi yabo kwaye baqeshe abasebenzi. Inyiyo ithi abo basebenzi baya kuchitha umvuzo wabo ukuqhuba imfuno kunye nokukhula koqoqosho.
I-Theory Economic Down -ory
I-theory ye-economic down-down ifana ne -economic side side . Le ngqungquthela ithi zonke izicucu zerhafu , nokuba ngamashishini okanye abasebenzi, zikhuthaza ukukhula koqoqosho.
I-theory-down down isory. Ithi ukucutshulwa kwentela kujoliswe kusebenze bhetele kunezinto eziqhelekileyo. Ikhuthaza ukunyuka kwiinkampani, ukuzuza kwemali, kunye neentlawulo zokulondoloza. Akukhuthazi ukucima intela kwi-cross-board. Endaweni yoko, ukunyuka kwentela kuya kubutyebi.
Bobabini abaxhasayo kunye nabaxhasi bee -supply-side basebenzisa i- Laffer Curve ukubonisa ubungqina babo. UArthur Laffer wabonisa indlela ukucoca irhafu kunika ngayo umphumo onamandla wokuphindaphinda. Emva kwexesha, bakha ukukhula okwaneleyo ukutshintshwa kweengeniso karhulumente ezilahlekileyo ukusuka ekutyeni. Kungenxa yokuba uqoqosho olwandisiweyo, olucebileyo lunika isiseko esikhulu sentela.
Kodwa uLaffer walumkisa ukuba le mpembelelo isebenza bhetele xa iirhafu zikho "kwiNgqinisiso." Olu luhlu luphuma kwi-100 yepesenti yentlawulo yeerhafu ukuya kwelinye izinga elithintekayo kwindawo ethile phakathi. Ukuba isantya serhafu siwela ngaphantsi kweli qela, ukunyuka okuthe xaxa kuya kunciphisa imali engenayo yurhulumente ngaphandle kokukhuthaza ukukhula koqoqosho .
Xa i-Pole-Down Down Work
Ngethuba loLawulo lweReagan , kwakubonakala ngathi i-economics-down economy yasebenza. Imigaqo yakhe, eyaziwa ngokuba yiReaganomics , yanceda ekupheleni kwe- 1980 .
Reagan iinqununu ezinqamlekileyo. Isamba sentlawulo esiphezulu sehla ukusuka kuma-70 ekhulwini (abo bafumana i-108,000,000 +) ukuya kuma-28 ekhulwini (kubani na onomvuzo oyi-$ 18,500 okanye ngaphezulu). UReagan wanciphisa irhafu yerhafu yenkampani ukusuka kuma-46 ukuya kuma-40 ekhulwini.
Uqoqosho lwezoqoqosho aluyiyo kuphela isizathu sokufumana kwakhona, nangona kunjalo. UReagan kwandise iindleko zikaRhulumente ngama-2.5 ekhulwini ngonyaka. Kwakuphindwe kabini ityala le-federal, ukusuka kwi-$ 997 yezigidigidi ngo-1981 ukuya kuma-2.85 trillion ngo-1989. Ininzi yemali iya kumela. Yayixhasa imizamo kaReagan yokuphelisa iMfazwe yeCold kwaye ihlawule iSoviet Union.
Uqoqosho olukhohlakeleyo, ngendlela ecocekileyo, aluzange luhlolwe. Kungangoko kunokwenzeka ukuba imali enkulu yorhulumente yaphela ekudlubeni.
UMongameli uGeorge W. Bush wasebenzisa iipolisi ezinqamlekileyo zokujongana nomnotho we-2001 . Wanciphisa intela yentlawulo nge- EGTRRA . Okuphelile ukuhlaziywa ngoNovemba waloo nyaka.
Kodwa ukungabikho kwemisebenzi kwanyuka kuma-6 ekhulwini . Oku kuya kwenzeka, ngokuba ukungasebenzi kungumqondiso wokungena. Kuthatha ixesha lokuba iinkampani ziqale ukuqasha kwakhona, nangona emva kokudlulela kwemali kuye kwaphela.
Ngenxa yoko, i-Bush inqumle irhafu yoshishino kunye ne- JGTRRA ngo-2003.
Kubonakala ngathi ukutywa kweerhafu kwasebenza. Kodwa, ngelo xesha, i- Federal Reserve iyanciphisa ixabiso lemali elondliwe . Yawa ukusuka kuma-6 ukuya kwi-1 ekhulwini. Akucaci ukuba utyalo lwerhafu okanye umgaqo-mali wenziwe ukuba kubuyiselwe.
Uqoqosho olukhohlakeleyo luthi ukucutshulwa kweentlawulo zeReagan kunye noB Bush kwakufanele kuncedise abantu kuwo onke amanqanaba engeniso. Kunoko, kwenzeka okuchasene. Ukungalingani kwemali kunzima. Phakathi kowe-1979 no-2005, ingeniso yekhaya emva kwerhafu iphakanyisiwe ngamaphesenti ama-6 kwinqanaba elingaphantsi . Oku kuvakala kude ude ubone oko kwenzeka ntoni kwisihlanu esiphezulu. Ingeniso yabo yanda ngama-80 ekhulwini. Ipesenti ephezulu 1 yabona ingeniso yabo kathathu. Esikhundleni sokunyuka phantsi, kubonakala ukuba ukuchuma kwanyuka.
Kutheni i-Economics-Down Economics Iyabonakala namhlanje
Nangona kukho ukungaphumeleli, ukusetyenziswa kweRiphablikhi ukukhohlisa i-theory yezoqoqosho ukukhokela umgaqo-nkqubo.
Ngo-2017, uMongameli waseRiphablikhi uDonald Trump wacebisa ukuhlawula irhafu kwiinkampani kunye nobutyebi. Wacetyisa ukunyuka kwentlawulo kwiintengo ezinkulu kunye neentlawulo kumntu owenza ngaphantsi kwama-$ 50,000 ngonyaka. Isicwangciso serhafu soThutho siya kunciphisa izinga lokuhlawula irhafu kwi-20 kwipesenti. Ukunciphisa intlawulo yeerhafu , ukuphindwa kabini ukuxothwa okuqhelekileyo , nokuphelisa ukukhululwa komntu .Iziko lePolisi leRhafu lifumene ukuba abo bazuza kwipesenti eziphezulu beza kufumana irhafu ephezulu yokunciphisa irhafu kuneleyo ephantsi kwamanani entlawulo. Ngowe-2027, abo baphantsi kweepesenti ezingama-20 ze ngeniso baya kuhlawula irhafu ephezulu.
Yathi iya kukhulisa ukukhula okwaneleyo ukwenzela ukunyuswa kwetyala. Kodwa iKomidi eliManyeneyo yeRhafu lixelele ukuba ibhilikhwe iya kuhlanganisa i-$ 1 trillion nangemva kokubandakanya impembelelo yokubanjwa kwentlawulo ekukhuleni koqoqosho. Ayinakukhuphula ukukhula okwaneleyo ukunciphisa ukulahleka kwelahleko kwingeniso.
Ngonyaka ka-2010, ukunyakaza kweqela leTe lagijimandla ngamandla ngexesha lonyulo lwangaphakathi. Babefuna ukunciphisa iindleko zorhulumente kunye neerhafu. Ngenxa yoko, iCongress yandisa i- Bush tax cuts , kwalabo benza imali eyi-250,000 okanye ngaphezulu.