Ukunciphisa irhafu yerhafu kuvuselela imfuno ngokubeka imali engaphezulu kwiipokethi zabathengi. Kubalulekile kuba ukusetyenziswa kwemali kubathengi abangama-70 ekhulwini lokukhula koqoqosho . Yenza ke imisebenzi xa ama shishini aqhubela imveliso ukuhlangabezana nemfuno ephezulu. Uphando olwenziwa yi- Ofisi yeBhunga leNgxowa-mali ye-Congressional luthi i- Bush tax cuts will create 4.6 jobs for every $ 1 million xa ilandiswa ngo-2011-2012.
Nangona kunjalo, kukho ingxoxo malunga nokuba ukunyuswa kweerhafu kwiintsapho ezifumana imali ephezulu kwenza imisebenzi emininzi njengentengo yerhafu kwiintsapho eziphantsi kunye neengeniso. Iingcamango kukuba iintsapho ezincinci zengeniso kufuneka zichithe utyalo lwerhafu, imfuno yokuqhuba, ngelixa iintsapho eziphezulu zengeniso ziza kugcina i-tax cut cut. Ukongezelela, ukuchitha imali yentsapho ephezulu engenakuchaphazelwa ngaphantsi kweentlawulo zerhafu kuba iintsapho ziyakwazi ukugcina imali yazo ngokubamba imali yazo, okanye ukufumana iimboleko okanye iitaliti. Ukucutha kwabo irhafu kunokwenzeka ukuba kusetyenziswe ukuhlawula imali.
Ukuhlawula irhafu yerhafu ngenye yezindlela ezichanekileyo zokunyusa imisebenzi. Ngokutsho kwe-CBO, zonke iirandi eziyi-1 zezigidi zokuhlawula irhafu yerhafu zidala imisebenzi emitsha engama-13. Ukuhlawula irhafu yerhafu kuyakha imisebenzi ngeendlela ezine. Okokuqala, ezinye iinkampani zisebenzisa ulondolozo lokunciphisa amaxabiso. Oku kwandisa imfuno, nto leyo ibandakanya ukuqesha abasebenzi abaninzi.
Okwesibini, ezinye iinkampani ziphakamisa umvuzo wokugcina abasebenzi abalungileyo, abaza kuchitha ixesha elininzi, ukunyuka kwemfuno.
Okwesithathu, ezinye iifemu zigcina ukugcinwa kwentela, zivumela ukuba bathenge ngaphezulu kwaye bandise imfuno. Okwesine, iinkampani ezisele zineemveliso ezidumileyo ziya kusebenzisa imali yokugcina abasebenzi abaninzi. Le ndlela yesine yindlela ephezulu kakhulu yokudala imisebenzi.
Enyanisweni, ukuba iNkongomane inika kuphela ukuhlawula intela yerhafu yemisebenzi emitsha, ke zonke iirandi eziyi-1 ezigidi kwiirhafu zokuhlawula irhafu zenza imisebenzi emitsha engama-18. (Umthombo: " I-Outlook Economic and Choice Policy Policy ," i-Office Congressional Budget Office, Septemba 28, 2010)
Ngendlela, indlela echanekileyo yokunyusa imisebenzi ayikho ityala lokunqunyulwa. Ucwaningo lwe-CBO lufumene ukuba ukwandisa iingeniso zengqesho kungona ndlela efanelekileyo yokukhuthaza ukukhula koqoqosho . Izinzuzo zenza imisebenzi ngenxa yokuba umoya ongasebenziyo uchitha yonke idola abayifumana kwizinto ezibalulekileyo ezifana nokutya, izambatho kunye nezindlu. Zonke iirandi eziyi-1 ezigidi kwiingeniso zengqesho zenza imisebenzi emitsha engama-19. Uphando lwe-Economy.com lubonise ukuba yonke idola eyichithwa kwiingeniso zengqesho ivuselela i-$ 1.73 yeemfuno zezoqoqosho. Nangona iindleko ezongezelelweyo zihlawula iirhafu ezigidi ezili-10 eziligidi ngenyanga nganye, zivelisa i-$ 17.3 yezigidi ngokukhula koqoqosho, ukudala imisebenzi kunye nemali yengeniso eyongezelelweyo.
Ngaba Ingxelo Yentlawulo Ikhuthaza Ukukhulisa Uqoqosho?
Inkxaso- mali yecandelo lenkxaso yecandelo yinkcazo ethi ukunyuswa kweerhafu kwandisa ukukhula koqoqosho. Ukwehla kweRhafu kunika amandla, kodwa kuphela kwixesha elifutshane kunye noqoqosho olusele lubuthathaka. Ukunyuswa kweerhafu kunikezelo olukhawulezayo. (Umthombo: " Uhlalutyo oluMandla loKwandiso oluPhezulu loNcedo loMphathiswa weRhafu ," iSebe leNondyebo yase-US, ngoJulayi 25, 2006.)
Ukunyuka kufuneka kulungelelaniswe nokuncitshiswa kwemali ukuze kugweme ukunyuswa kwetyala lezemali . Ngakwesokunxele, i-debteral federal ekugqibeleni yayiza kuphuhlisa uqoqosho. Kucatshulwa njengenyusa irhafu kwizizukulwana ezizayo, ekugqibeleni kufuneka zihlawule.
Oku kunjalo ngokwenene ukuba umyinge wetyala kumkhiqizo osemveliso wasemaphandleni ungama-77 ekhulwini. Le yongqinisiso, ngokutsho kwesifundo seBhanki yehlabathi. Kufumanise ukuba ukuba uhlawulelo lwetyala ukuya ku-GDP lidlula kuma-77 ekhulwini kwixesha elide, linciphisa ukukhula koqoqosho. Inani ngalinye lepesenti yetyala ngaphantsi kweli nqanaba libiza i-1.7 ekhulwini ekukhuliseni uqoqosho.
Umphumo weCandelo loThutho lweRhafu
Ngethuba lokunciphisa i-2001, ipesenteji yengeniso ye-federal kwi-GDP yenyuka ukuya kuma-20.9 ekhulwini-phezulu kunesiqhelo. Kungenxa yokuba uqoqosho lwentambo. Ukukhuthaza ukukhula, urhulumente unqumle irhafu ngo-2001 kunye ne- JGTRRA kwaye ngo-2003 nge- EGTRRA . Emva kokunciphisa irhafu ka-2001, ingeniso yemali yafikelela kuma-18 ekhulwini we-GDP. Ukunyuswa kwentela ka-2003 kwanciphisa ipesenti yemali engaphezulu, ukuya kuma-16 ekhulwini we-GDP ngo-2004.
Nangona kunjalo, ukucutha kweerhafu kwaba yimpumelelo. Uqoqosho lubuyiswe. Nangona ipesenti yengeniso karhulumente kwi-GDP iyancipha, ixabiso lemali liye landa ngenxa yokuba i-GDP yanda.
Abaxhasi bee-Supply-side bathi ukukhula kwe-GDP kukubangelwa ukutyalwa kweerhafu. Ezinye iicandelo lezoqoqosho ziye zabonisa ukuba izinga lentengo liye lahliswa ngexesha elifanayo. I-Federal Reserve yanciphisa inani elibalulekileyo le-Fed ukusuka kwipesenti ezi-6 ukuya kwi-1 ekhulwini phakathi kuka-2001 ukuya ku-2003. (Umthombo: "Ixabiso leMali yeNgxowa-mali, i-Federal Reserve Bank yaseNew York.)
Umthetho woKhuselo lokuThuthukiswa koKhuseleko kunye noXhobongela ka-2005 wandisa ixabiso lentlawulo elingaphantsi kwexesha elide elizuzayo kunye negalelo ngo-2010. Oku akuzange kuthintele kakhulu ingeniso karhulumente, kwaye ipesenti ye-GDP ibuyele kuma-18 ekhulwini ngo-2006.
Ingaba Inkokhelo Yentlawulo Inokunyusa Ingxowa-mali ye-Federal Budget?
I- Curve Curve ithi ukucuthwa kwentlawulo kuncitshiswe ingeniso ye-dollar-dollar-dollar, kodwa ibuyisela kwakhona ilahleko phezu kwexesha elide ngokukhuthaza ukukhula koqoqosho, kunye ne-tax base. Nangona kunjalo, iBhunga leSizwe loPhando loQoqosho lifumene ukuba kuphela iipesenti ezili-17 zengeniso evela kwintlawulo yerhafu yokufumana ingeniso kwaye kwakhona i-50 ekhulwini yengeniso ilahlekelwe kwiinkcitho zerhafu . Esinye isizathu sokuba le nto ingavunyelwanga yintlawulo yokuhlawula irhafu ngaphambi kokuba kuqhotyoshelwe irhafu. Ngokwemodeli kaLaffer, isantya seerhafu kufuneka sibe "kwiNqanaba lokuVimbela" - ngaphezu kweepesenti ezingama-50 - ukucutshulwa ukukhuthaza uqoqosho ngokwaneleyo ukubuyisela zonke ilahleko. (Umthombo: "I-Dynamic Scoring: Imbuyiselo ye-Envilope Guide," NBER, Disemba 2004.)
Eyona ndlela efanelekileyo yokudala imisebenzi
Ukuba utyalo lweerhafu aluzukudala ekudaleni imisebenzi, kuthekani ngemali yekarhulumente ? Akuyona indlela efanelekileyo yokudala imisebenzi. Kuthatha i-$ 1 yezigidi ukuchitha imali ukudala imisebenzi engama-19. Oku kusengaphezulu kweedola ezingama-50,000 zeerhafu zakho zerhafu ezifunekayo ukudala umsebenzi omnye. I-CBO ayizange ihlaziye uluhlobo luni lwemisebenzi, okanye ingeniso kwimisebenzi.
Indlela efanelekileyo yokudala imisebenzi ayikho ngokutyunjwa kwentlawulo, ukusetyenziswa kwekarhulumente, okanye nayiphina inkqubo yomgaqo-nkqubo. Kunoko, kungenxa yomgaqo-nkqubo wezemali . Oko kwandisa imali, unikezele ngakumbi ukuthengwa kwamashishini okutyalomali. Umgaqo-nkqubo wezemali uyimfuneko kuphela xa umgaqo-nkqubo wezemali sele usandisiwe njengoko kunokwenzeka. Oku kwenzeke ngo-2009 kunye no-2010 emva kokuba iRest Recession iphoqeleke ukuba inqanaba lemali elidliwayo liye linyuka.