Isingeniso kwie-Arhente zoLawulo ezijongene ne-US Energy Industry
Amaziko okuLawula amaGunya
IKomishoni yokuLawula iMandla kaRhulumente (i-FERC), iKomishoni yoLawulo lweNyukliya (NRC), iBhunga loLawulo lweMandla oLwandle (i-BOEM), isiZiko seSizwe seMigangatho neThekhnoloji (iNIST) kunye ne-Ofisi ye-Surface Mining Reclamation and Enforcement (OSM) kunye nokulawulwa kwamandla eMelika.
IKomishoni yoLawulo lweMandla kaRhulumente
IKomishoni yokuLawula iMandla kaRhulumente (FERC) yaba khona ngenxa ye-Federal Power Act ka-1920. UMthetho WezeMandla ka-2005 wandisa uxanduva lwawo. Ikhomishana ezimeleyo inikezela ngongqongqo kwindalo yendalo, igesi, kunye neoli. Ezinye zeembopheleleko zentlangano ziquka, kodwa azikhawulelwanga: ukulawula izivumelwano zombane zombane jikelele, ukuhlaziya iziphakamiso zeprojekthi yegesi, ukubonelela iilayisenisi nokuhlola izityalo zombane, kunye nokubeka imimiselo yombane, ngokukodwa xa kuphulwa.
Kodwa i-FERC ayibandakanyeki ekuthengiseni amandla okuthengisa. Ikhomishini ayibandakanyeki kwimicimbi yokwakha izityalo kumgangatho wendawo.
IKomishoni yoLawulo lweNyukliya yase-US
I-Congress yase-US yenze i-NRC ngo-1974 nguMthetho wokuHlangiswa kweMandla ukulawula i-shishini elikhulayo lamandla enyukliya.
Ikhomishini-enezigidi-mali ze-1 billion-ilawula uhlahlo lwabiwo-karhulumente kunye nolwabucala lwe-nyukliya amandla kunye nokusetyenziswa kwezixhobo zenukliya. Ilayisenisi ze-NRC, ihlolisisa, kwaye ilawula izityalo zamandla enyukliya kunye nama-reactors. Ikhomishini iphinda ilawulwe i-nuclear nkunkuma kunye ne-uranium. Amakhomishana amahlanu avunywe yi-Senate yase-US iholele i-NRC, esekelwe eMaryland kwaye inezikhundla ezine. I-NRC isebenzisana noorhulumente kunye noorhulumente baseburhulumenteni ukunyanzelisa yonke imithetho enxulumene namandla enyukliya.
I-Bureau of Management Energy
I-Bureau ye-Ocean Energy Managing (BOEM) ihleli phambili kwimpumelelo yamandla olwandle kunye neMigodi kwiGulf of Mexico, i-Alaska kunye nePacific. I-bureau lijongene nemiba ephathelele ukuzimela kwamandla kunye nophuhliso loqoqosho kule mimandla. Ukukhuselwa kokusingqongileyo ngenye yeenkalo ze-BOEM ezigxininiso, njengoko injongo yalo kukulawula imo lwendalo elwandle kunye nezibonelelo zamaminerali eziqulethe. Umlawuli we-BOEM nguye otyunjwa ngu-nobhala wezangaphakathi. Umlawuli kunye nabaphathi abaphezulu bajongene nokuphunyezwa nokuphathwa kweeprojekthi zamandla ase-ocean-based. Ukongezelela, i-ofisi inoxanduva lweoli kunye nokuqeshiswa kwegesi yendalo, ukuhlaziywa kwendalo kunye nezinye izinto ezivuselelekayo zamandla.
I-BOEM igcina iiofisi eLouisana, eCalifornia naseAlaska.
I-Ofisi yoLondolozo lweMigodi yokuLawulwa nokuQinisekisa
I-Ofisi yokuLawulwa kweMigodi yokuBala iMigodi kunye nokuQinisekisa (OSMRE) ilawula ukumbiwa kwamalahle omhlaba kunye nemicimbi ephathelene nokusingqongileyo eMelika. I-ofisi, inxalenye yeSebe laseMelika laseMelika, yenziwe nguMthetho woLawulo lweMihlaba kunye neMigodi ka-1977. Enye yezinto eziphambili ze-OSMRE ukusebenzisana namaMelika kumgangatho wendawo, kubandakanywa nezizwe xa kusebenza, ukuqinisekisa umhlaba kunye namanzi- ukubuyiselwa komgangatho ekugqityweni kweeprojekthi zezimayini. I-ofisi ayisekho isebenzi kwisigqeba sokunyanzelisa njengoko iinkampani zeemayini zinenkqubo ezizinzileyo zangaphakathi ukuqinisekisa ukuthotyelwa komthetho.
Isiko leSizwe leMigangatho neThekhnoloji
ISizwe leSizwe leMigangatho neTheknoloji (NIST) liye lajikeleza iminyaka engaphezu kwe-100.
Eliziko, elisekwe ngo-1901, liyinkampani ngaphakathi kwiSebe lezorhwebo lase-United States. I-NIST ikhuthaza ubugcisa besayensi ezininzi kwiindawo ezibandakanya ukuveliswa kwamandla, i-nanotechnology kunye ne-computer chips. Iziko lenkxaso yophando kunye nokubonelela ngoncedo lwezorhwebo. I-NIST iphinde ikhuthaze inkqubo yokugqwesa ukuqaphela impumelelo kwimimandla engundoqo eyayixhasayo.
Funda kabanzi malunga noMgaqo-nkqubo woMbane
Yiyiphi indima eyenziwa yi-States Play ekulawuleni amandla?