Ukungasebenzi, Izizathu Zaso, kunye Neziphumo Zaso

Akuyena wonke umntu ongenabasebenzi ongasebenziyo

Ukungabikho kwemisebenzi kuchazwa yi- Bureau of Labor Statistics njengoko abantu abangenawo umsebenzi, baye bafuna umsebenzi kwiiveki ezine ezidlulileyo, kwaye ngoku bafumanekayo emsebenzini. Kwakhona, abantu abaye baqeshiswa okwethutyana kwaye balindele ukuba babuyiselwe kulo msebenzi bafakwe kwiimanani zokungasebenzi .

Abo bangakhange bafune umsebenzi kwiiveki ezine ezidlulileyo abangekhe babalwa phakathi kwabangasebenzi.

I-BLS iyabasusa nabasebenzi . Ininzi abantu bayishiya abasebenzi xa bethatha umhlalaphantsi, baya esikolweni, banokukhubazeka okubenza bahlale bengasebenzi, okanye babe noxanduva lweentsapho. Kwabanye abantu abanqwenela ukusebenza basekho ngaphandle xa bengakhangeli umsebenzi. Nantsi indlela i-BLS ibalwa ngayo iNqanaba loMsebenzi wokuBamba iqhaza lomSebenzi .

I-BLS igcina ingqalelo yabo bantu, nangona kunjalo. Baxelwa ngokwahlukileyo kwingxelo yomsebenzi . Abo bafune umsebenzi phakathi kweenyanga ezili-12 ezidlulileyo, kodwa kungekhona kwiiveki ezine ezidlulileyo, zihlulwe njengolu hlobo "oluqhotyoshelweyo kubasebenzi." Kukho i-subset yeqhotyoshelweyo ngokukhawuleza, abo baye bayeka ukukhangela kuba bengacingi ukuba kukho imisebenzi ngaphandle kwabo. I-BLS ibatshabalalisa abasebenzi , kwaye mhlawumbi baqala ukukhangela umsebenzi kwakhona xa i-market market iphucula. Ngenxa yesi sizathu, abantu abaninzi banomuvo wokuthi i-BLS ayixeli inqanaba lokungasebenzi .

Ingqesho nabani na abaneminyaka eli-16 okanye ngaphezulu abaye basebenza nawaphi na iiyure ngeveki eledlule. Oko kukutsho kwe-BLS. Bangabakhokhelwa abasebenzi okanye baqeshwe. Bangaba ngabasebenzi abangabhawulwa kwi-ishishini elijongene neentsapho, ngoxa nje basebenza ubuncinane ubuncinane kwiiyure ezili-15 ngeveki. I-BLS iquka abantu abangazange basebenze ngeveki ukuba babengekho okwesikhashana (bathi, ngenxa yeeholide okanye ukugula).

Abakwazi ukuba ngabemi beliphi na iziko. Oku kuquka iinkolongo, amajele, izixhobo zengqondo, kunye namakhaya abantu abadala. I-BLS nayo ayibaleli loo misebenzi esemkhosini. Ngamanye amazwi, bangamalungu aseMzantsi Afrika abemi abangenasemthethweni.

Indlela yokubala

Ezi fomula zichaza indlela ukungasebenzi kungena kubemi.

Abemi = Ubuninzi bomgaqo-nkqubo wabantu abangabandakanywayo ngokobupolisa + Umsebenzi okhuselekileyo wempi + Inani labantu

Ubuninzi bemihlaba engekho emthethweni = Umsebenzi wabasebenzi + Akunabasebenzi

Ibasebenzi = Kuqeshwe + abangasebenzi

Akunabasebenzi = Ezi zilandelayo maqela amathathu:

1. Abantu abangathanda umsebenzi, kodwa abazange bawukhange ngenyanga edlulileyo. Zibandakanya "eziqhotyoshelwe ngokukhawuleza," ngubani owakhangayo kunyaka odlulileyo. Babenesikolo, impilo ebuthathaka, okanye iingxaki zokuthutha ezazigcina zingakhangeli kwinyanga edlulileyo. Abanye ' badimazeka abasebenzi .' Abakholelwa ukuba kukho imisebenzi. Aba bantu badibene kwiNqanaba loNyango loNyaka .
2. Amanye amaqela awafunanga umsebenzi. Baquka abafundi, abenzi bezindlu kunye nabasemhlala-phantsi.
3. Nabani ngaphantsi kwe-16 akabandakanyi kubasebenzi, nokuba basebenza.

I-BLS imisela ukungasebenzi kwimibuzo yenyanga yonyaka, ebizwa ngokuba yi-Survey Population Survey.

Kuqhutywa rhoqo ngenyanga ukusuka ngowe-1940, njengenxalenye yempendulo karhulumente kwi- Depression Depression . Kuye kwaguqulwa izihlandlo eziliqela ukususela emva koko kwaye kwaba nolwazi olukhulu lokuhlaziya kwakhona ngo-1994. Olu luquka ukuhlaziywa kwemibuzo, ukusetyenziswa kweengxoxo zokuncedisana ngekhomputha, kunye nokuhlaziywa kwezinye iingcinga zabasebenzi.

Iingxelo zengqesho ezingasetyenzisiweyo

Ukungabikho kwemisebenzi kubaliso olubalulekileyo olusetyenziswa nguRhulumente ukulinganisa impilo yezoqoqosho. Ukuba izinga lokungabikho kwemisebenzi liphezulu kakhulu (malunga nama-6 ekhulwini okanye ngaphezulu), urhulumente uzama ukukhuthaza uqoqosho kunye nokudala imisebenzi . I- Federal Reserve izokuqala ngokunyanzeliswa komgaqo-mali wezongeziweyo, kwaye iyanciphisa isantya semali ye-federal .

Ukuba oku kungasebenzi, urhulumente wephondo uza kusebenzisa umgaqo-nkqubo wezemali owandisiweyo . Iyakwazi ngokudala imisebenzi ngokuqeshwa kwabaqeshwa kwiiprojekthi zomsebenzi kawonkewonke.

Inokudala ngokungaqhelekanga imisebenzi ngokukhuthaza imfuno kunye neenzuzo ezingaphangeliyo zengqesho . Ezi nzuzo zinceda abangasebenzi kuze bafumane imisebenzi. Ezi zezi ezinye izisombululo zengqesho ezingekho phantsi kwenkqubo.

Unokucinga ukuba ukungabikho kwemisebenzi ayikwazi ukuhlawula kakhulu, kodwa kunako. Ngaphandle koqoqosho olusempilweni , kufuneka kubekho izinga lokungabikho kwemisebenzi ye-4.5 - 5.0 yeepesenti. Kungenxa yokuba abantu bahamba ngaphambi kokuba bafumane umsebenzi omtsha, bafumana umsebenzi obhetele, okanye baqale ukukhangela umsebenzi kwaye balinde de kube bafumana umsebenzi ofanelekileyo. Ukungabikho kwemisebenzi ephantsi kunazo zonke kuye kwaba ngama-2.5 ekhulwini. Ngona xa izinga lokungabikho kwemisebenzi lisezingeni lendalo, kunzima ukuba iinkampani zandise. Kunzima ukufumana abasebenzi abalungileyo.

Izizathu

Kuzwelonke, ukungabikho kwemisebenzi kubangelwa xa uqoqosho luyehla, kwaye amashishini anyanzelekile ukunciphisa iindleko ngokunciphisa iindleko zokuhlawula. Inkxalabo yezemali ka-2008 yenzile ukungaqeshwa kangangoko kwi-1980. Nazi ukugqithiswa kwangaphambili kunye nezinga lokungasebenzi.

Ukhuphiswano ngamashishini athile okanye iinkampani nazo zingabangela ukungasebenzi. I-teknoloji ephakamileyo, njengama-computer okanye iirobhothi, kubangela ukungabikho kwemisebenzi ngokususa imisebenzi yabasebenzi kunye noomatshini. Ukugqithiswa kwemisebenzi yimbangela ebalulekileyo yokungasebenzi. Kuqhelekileyo kwi- teknoloji , amaziko okufowunela , kunye nezibonelelo zabantu .

Iziphumo zengqesho

Imiphumo yokungaqeshwa komntu kusemgangathweni kwaye ihlala ichitheka emoyeni. Imiphumo yezoqoqosho nayo inokulimaza ukuba ukungabikho kwemisebenzi kuphakama ngaphezu kwama-5 okanye ama-6 ekhulwini. Xa abantu abaninzi bengasebenzi, uqoqosho lulahlekelwa ngumnye wabasebenzi abalulekileyo bokukhula, ukusetyenziswa kwemali yabathengi . Kulula nje, abasebenzi banemali encinane yokuchitha kude bafumane omnye umsebenzi. Ukuba ukungaqeshwanga kwemisebenzi kazwelonke kuqhubeka, kunokunyusa ukukhula kwemali okanye kudala ukudakumba . Kungenxa yokuba imali engaphantsi kwabasebenzisi abangasebenziyo inciphisa ingeniso yoshishino, nto leyo eyenza iinkampani zinqumle ukuhlawula ngaphezulu ukuhlawula iindleko zabo. Iyakwazi ukuhlaselwa ngokukhawuleza ngokukhawuleza.

Enye yemiphumo ye- Gr idla ukubuyisana kwakhona kukuba abasebenzi baye baqeshwe ixesha elide. Ezi zithuba zangexesha elide zingasebenzi , zikhangele, zingaphaya kweenyanga ezintandathu.

Ukuba baye baphumelela emsebenzini kude kube nzima, izakhono zabo zengqesho azikwazi ukuhambelana neemfuno zemisebenzi emitsha enikezelwayo. Oku kuthiwa ukungasebenzi kwemisebenzi . Abaninzi babo bangama-55 okanye ngaphezulu. Basenokungakwazi ukufumana umsebenzi omhle kwakhona, nangona imithetho ivimbela ukucalulwa kwexesha. Basenokufumana ixesha lokubambisa ixesha okanye ixesha eliphantsi lokungena kwimisebenzi yokufikelela. Emva koko bangaphangeli kuze kube yilapho beza kuthatha inzuzo yokuqala yeNtlalo yoKhuseleko kwiminyaka engama-62. Ngenxa yeso sizathu, oqoqosho lwezoqoqosho abaninzi bacinga ukuba ukuhlaliswa kwemali ngokunyanisekileyo kwandisa izinga lokungasebenzi.