Imilinganiselo yemvelo yokungabikho kwemisebenzi, iiNxalenye zayo, kunye neMikhombandlela yakutshanje

Kutheni ukungafuneki kwemisebenzi kungekho kakuhle njengoko kuzwakala

Izinga lomgangatho wokungabikho kwemisebenzi ludibaniso lokungasebenzi, ukulungiswa kwemisebenzi, kunye nokungaphezulu kwemisebenzi. Ngaphandle koqoqosho oluphilileyo kuya kuba neli nqanaba lokungabikho kwemisebenzi kuba abasebenzi bahlala beza behamba, befuna imisebenzi engcono. Isimo esingenamsebenzi, ade bafumane loo msebenzi omtsha, ngumgangatho wendalo wokungasebenzi.

I-Federal Reserve iqikelela ukuba le nqanaba ibe phakathi kwama-4.5 ekhulwini kunye nama-5.0 ekhulwini.

Bobabini abanomgaqo-nkqubo wezemali kunye nabajongene nemali basebenzisa loo nqanaba njengenjongo yokuqeshwa ngokupheleleyo. Basebenzisa iipesenti ezi-2 njengexabiso lokujoliswa kwexabiso lentengo. Baye bacinga ukuba izinga lokukhula kweGDP liphakathi kwama-2 ekhulwini kunye nama-3 ekhulwini. Kumele bazame ukulinganisa ezi zintathu iinjongo xa beka inzala, inqanaba lentlawulo, okanye amanqanaba okuchitha.

Iimpawu ezintathu zeNqanaba leMveli loLingqesho

Ngaphandle koqoqosho olusempilweni, kukho inqanaba lokungaqeshwa kwabasebenzi ngezizathu ezintathu.

1. Ukungasebenzi kwe-Frictional - Abanye abasebenzi bangaphakathi kwemisebenzi. Imizekelo ngaba abatsha abaphumelele ukukhangela umsebenzi wabo wokuqala. Abanye ngabasebenzi abathuthela edolophini elitsha ngaphandle kokumisa omnye umsebenzi. Abanye abantu bayeke ngokukhawuleza, bazi ukuba baya kufumana umsebenzi olungcono ngokukhawuleza. Sekunjalo, abanye banokugqiba ukushiya abasebenzi ngenxa yezizathu zobuqu ezifana nokuthatha umhlalaphantsi, ukukhulelwa okanye ukugula. Baye baphume ngaphandle kwabasebenzi . Xa babuya baza baqala ukukhangela kwakhona, babalwa njengengasebenzi.

1. Ukungasebenzi kweZakhiwo - Njengoko uqoqosho lukhula, kukho ukungahambikiyo okungenakukupheka phakathi kobugcisa bezakhono zabasebenzi kunye neemfuno zabaqashi. Oku kwenzeka xa abasebenzi befuduswa ngeteknoloji, njengokuba iilobhothi zithatha imisebenzi yokukhiqiza . Kwenzeka kwakhona xa amafektri aya kwiindawo ezincinci, njengoko kwenzeka xa i-NAFTA isayinwe. Xa abantwana bebhoomers befikelela kuma-30 abo kwaye babenabantwana abancinci, kwakungekho mfuno encinci yabasebenzi bezempilo. Ukungabikho kwemisebenzi kwabasebenzi kuya kuhlala kude kube lula abasebenzi.

1. Ukungabikho kwemisebenzi - Oku kwenzekayo nanini na urhulumente angenelela kumthetho omncinci womvuzo okanye umvuzo / ulawulo lwexabiso. Kungenzeka nakwiimanyano. Xa umvuzo ubuyiselwa kumgangatho ophezulu, ukungabikho kwemisebenzi kubangelwa ziphumo. Ngoba? Ukugcina phantsi kwebhajethi enye yokubhalwa kweebhajethi, inkampani kufuneka ivumele abanye abasebenzi ukuba bahlawule abasebenzi abasalayo umvuzo ophezulu onikwe igunya.

Ukongezelela, kukho iintlobo ezintle zengozi yokungasebenzi . Ziyimigudu , ixesha elide, eliyinyani, lonyaka, eliqhelekileyo, kunye nokungasebenzi.

Kutheni Ungazifuni I-Zero Ukungasebenzi

Indlela yodwa uqoqosho lungaba nepesenti zentsholongwane yokungaqeshwa komsebenzi kukuba ngaba lukhulu kakhulu. Nangona kunjalo, umvuzo uya kuvela phambi kokuba ingqesho ingena kwi-zero.

I-United States ayizange ifumane ukungabikho kwemisebenzi. Inqanaba eliphantsi lilingama-2.5 ekhulwini, ngo-Meyi noJuni 1953. Oku kungenxa yokuba uqoqosho lugqithiseleyo ngenxa yeMfazwe yaseKorea. Xa le bhulophu yaqhaqhaqha, yakhupha iRecession of 1953 .

Ukubuyiselwa Kwangenakho, kodwa akuzange kwenzeke, Ukuphakamisa izinga leMveli yeNgqesho

Inkathazo yezezimali ka-2008 yasula i-8.3 yezigidi zemisebenzi. Isantya sokungabikho kwemisebenzi senyuke kwi-4.7% ukuya kwi-10.1 yeepesenti ekuphakeni kwayo ngo-2009. Le ntlupheko enkulu yathetha ukuba abaninzi abangasebenziyo bahlala ngaloo ndlela kwiinyanga ezintandathu okanye ngaphezulu.

Ukungaqeshwa kwexesha elide kwenza kube nzima nakakhulu ukuba babuyele emsebenzini. Izakhono zabo namava aphelelwe ixesha.

Ngaba oku kuthetha ukuba uqoqosho luya kushiya, njengelifa layo, izinga eliphezulu lokungasebenzi? Uphando olwenziwe yiCleveland Federal Reserve luthi ke, oku kungenjalo. Kungenxa yokuba ukunyuka kwemisebenzi kwanciphisa. Kuwo wonke umhlaba, abantu abanemisebenzi babengenakukwazi ukuwashiya. Enyanisweni, ngo-2011, abo bashiya imisebenzi (izinga lokuhlukana) laliphantsi kangangoko kwakunjalo ngexesha lokuqhuma ngaphambi kokunciphisa.

Kodwa izizathu zahluka. Ngexesha lokuqhayisa, abantu abazange bashiye imisebenzi. Babethanda kwaye bahlawulwa kakuhle. Abaqeshi babe nexesha elinzima lokufumana abasebenzi abatsha, ngoko baqinisekisa ukuba abasebenzi bavuya. Ngethuba lokunciphisa umnotho, abasebenzi babesaba ukuhamba befuna umsebenzi ongcono.

Bayekezela iiyure ezinde kwaye akukho nto iphakamisa ukugcina imisebenzi yabo.

Izinga lomntu ongaphangeliyo liphuma ngokulandelelana. Ukungabikho kwemisebenzi kwabangelwayo kubangelwa ekubeni abasebenzi banokuyeka umsebenzi wabo, benethemba lokuba bafumana elona bhetele ngoku ukuphelelwa kwemali kuphelile. Ukongezelela, ukungaqeshwanga kwemisebenzi kuphezulu, kuba abasebenzi bebeqeshwe ixesha elide izakhono zabo azihambelani neemfuno zamashishini.

Phakathi ko-2009 no-2012, izinga lokusweleka kwemisebenzi lenyuke kwi-4.9% ukuya kwi-5.5 ekhulwini. Oku kwaphakama ngaphezu kwexesha loqoqosho. Abaphandi babekhungathelene ukuba ubude kunye nokujula kokunciphisa umnotho kwenza ukuba izinga lemvelo lihlale liphakanyisiwe. Kodwa ngowama-2014, iwele kwi-4.8 ekhulwini. (Umthombo: "Imilinganiselo yemvelo yokungasebenzi," iSt. Louis Federal Reserve, ngoMatshi 22, 2017.)