Iinjongo zeNkathazo yeKorinte Korea
Imfazwe yabulala amajoni angama-36,000 aseMelika kwaye yalimala i-100,000. Amantla kunye namaKorea alahlekelwa ngamasosha ama-620,000 kunye nezigidi eziyi-1.6 zabantu. Imfazwe iyisisiseko esisemva kweengxaki eziqhubekayo phakathi kwabathathi-nxaxheba namhlanje.
Izizathu
NgoSeptemba 1945, abaphumeleleyo beMfazwe Yehlabathi II banquma ukwahlukana kweKorea endaweni yokuzihlanganisa . Bakholelwa ukuba iKorea ayinalo ulwazi lokuzilawula. IJapan yayigunyaze iKorea ukususela ngo-1910.
I-parallel 38 ihlukanisa i-peninsula yaseKorea ngesiqingatha. I-parallel 38 isalath of latitude enama-38 degrees ngasentla kwe-equator. I-Soviet Union yathatha indawo esenyakatho. I-United States ithatha intsimi esezantsi, ukuqinisekisa ukuba yayinesiSeoul, i-capital Korea. Ngenxa yoko, iNorth Korea yaba yintandokazi kwaye iSouth Korea isekelwe uqoqosho lwayo kwi- capitalism .
Kodwa ukwahlula ilizwe kwakuneempembelelo zezoqoqosho. Umsebenzi waseJapan wawushiye ngasenyakatho kunye nezibonelelo ezininzi zelizwe. AmaJapan ayefumene umzila wabo wesitimela, amadama kunye noshishino apho befuna khona. Ezantsi lavelisa ininzi yokutya, ingakumbi irayisi. Ngenxa yoko, umntla wawufuna umzantsi wokuvelisa ukutya.
Umlinganiselo
1945: Iingcambu zeMfazwe yaseKorea zaqala xa ilizwe lahlula.
Ngo-1948: uKim Il Sung wathatha umyalelo waseNyakatho Korea. ISoviet Union kunye neChina zaxhasa ukunyuka kwakhe kumandla. U-Syngmun Ree wayeyinkokheli yase-South Korea exhasa inkxaso yaseMzantsi Afrika.
Ngo-1949: Ngomhla ka-Oktobha 1, 1949, u-Mao Zedong wamaKhomanisi wathabatha eChina.
Ngowe-1950: NgoJanuwari, abahlalutyi be-intelligence base-US baxwayisa ukuba imikhosi yayixakeka emngceleni. NgoJuni 1950, iMikhosi yaseNyakatho yeKorea neyesiTshayina, enezixhobo zemikhosi yaseSoviet, yahlasela iNingizimu Korea.
NgoJulayi 9, i- General MacArthur yacela uMongameli uTuruman wasebenzisa amabhomu enyukliya ukuze anciphise imfazwe . UTruman wagqiba ekubeni asongele ngasentla. Wathumela i-20 B-29s, inqwelo kuphela ekulu ngokwaneleyo ukuba ithwale i-behemoth, eGuam. Inqwelo yendiza yayibandakanye uMarko 4 iibhomu zenyukliya, nangona zingenazo i-plutonium cores. Ngo-Agasti, umntla wawuxoshe amabutho aseMzantsi Korea kunye neMbutho weZizwe eziMzantsi ukuya ePusan. Kwakubonakala sengathi umntla uya kuwina.
NgoSeptemba, uMbutho weZizwe eziManyeneyo wenza ukuhlaselwa kwe-Inchon. Babuyisela iSeoul baza bawunqumla amaNorth Korea.
Ngo-Oktobha, imikhosi ye-UN yahlasela umntla we-38. Bhoxisa phantse zonke iithagethi zemikhosi kunye nezoshishino eMntla Korea. Jikelele uDouglas MacArthur wayefuna ukuthatha ilizwe lonke, ukususa ingozi yaseNyakatho Korea ngokulungileyo. Kodwa uMongameli uTruman akazange afune ukuvusa iChina okanye iRashiya ibe yimpikiswano ngokuthe ngqo. Ukulawula kwakhe kwakufuna "ukugcina imfazwe encinci."
Abantu baseMntla Korea baxabana, ngokuqinisekiswa okutsha kwaseChina.
Amandla amabutho angama-200,000 aphinda ahlaziywe ngokulandelana kwe-38 njengomda. Iqhinga likaTruman lokubeka i-B-29 yaseGuam alizange lichithe iChina.
UTruman wafaka i-ante ye-nyukliya ngokuvumela iibhomi ze-athomu zisebenza ngokugqibeleleyo ukuba zithunyelwe kumkhosi wamajoni e-Okinawa. Kodwa ayikaze asetyenziswe.
Ngomhla kaNovemba 30, uTuruman wachaza ukuba uya kusebenzisa "nawaphi na amanyathelo ayimfuneko" ukukhusela ii-communists. Xa ebuzwa ukuba oko kwakubandakanya izixhobo ze-athomu, wathi, "Kuquka zonke izixhobo esiziphetheyo."
Iingxoxo zengxowa-mali zaqala emva kweenyanga ezimbalwa. Kodwa kwiminyaka emibini ezayo, amacala amabini alwa ngokukrakra.
Ngo-1951: iGeneral Ridgeway yatshintsha iMacArthur. Uqalise iPortation Hudson Harbour. Yasebenzisa i-B-29 ukulinganisa ukuqhuma kwamabhomu enyukliya kwiNorth Korea.
Ngowe-1952: Ulwaphulo lomhlaba luye lwaphazamisa.
Ukuqhunjelwa kwamabhomu kuye kwabhubhisa phantse yonke imizi kunye needolophu zaseNyakatho Korea. Ezi ziquka ii-650,000 iibhomu zeebhomu, kuquka neetoni ezingama-43 000 zeebhomu ze-napalm. Amashumi amabini anesibalo sawo abulawe. Abantu abahlali bahlaziywa ukuba bahlale emaphandleni okanye kwiidolophana zangexeshana ezifihliweyo kwiinkanyane.
Ngo-1953: Ngomhla we-Meyi 20, uMongameli uEisenhower kunye ne-US National Security Council bavume ukusetyenziswa kweebhilikliya ukuba i-China ne-North Korea abavumelani ne-Armistice. Benza njalo ngoJulayi 27, 1953. Kodwa oko kwakungekho ngenxa yengozi yenyukliya esuka e-Eisenhower, njengoko kucinga ukucinga. Kwakungenxa yokuba umkhokeli waseSoviet uJoseph Stalin wafa ngoMatshi. Abaphumelelayo bakhe babefuna ukuphelisa imfazwe. UMao Zedong noKim Il Sung bavuma. Ngokwenene, iMfazwe yaseKorea ayiphelile. Isivumelwano soxolo soxolo asizange sisayinwe.
Ngo-Oktobha 3, iUnited States neSouth Korea yasayina isivumelwano sokuzikhusela. ISouth Korea inikezela iziseko zamajoni zamahhala eMelika. Ekubuyiseleni, iUnited States yayiza kuvikela ngokuzenzekelayo ummelwane wayo ngokuchasene nawuphi na ukuhlaselwa. Ayiyi kufuna imvume yeCongress.
Ngenxa yoko, i-38th parallel yaba yindawo echithwa ngumhlaba. Amagosa avela kumacala amabini ajikeleza rhoqo. I-United States inamaqela angama-29 000 eMzantsi Korea. Iyaqhubeka nokuqhuba kwindawo ekukhumbuzeni iNyakatho isabandakanyeka.
Iindleko
Imfazwe yaseKorea ixabisa iibhiliyoni ezingama-30 ngo-1953, okanye iipesenti ezi-5.2 zemizi emveliso yasekhaya.
Iintlawulo zeMbuyekezo zezilwanyana zaseKorea kunye neentsapho zihlala zibiza i-2.8 billion zebhiliyoni ngonyaka. Ukusinda abafazi bafanelekile ukuba bafumane ixesha lokuphila xa umntu obulalayo esweleka ngenxa yamanxeba emfazwe. Abantwana bee-Veterans bafumana inzuzo ukuya kwi-18 ubudala. Ukuba abantwana bayakhubazekile, bafumana inzuzo yokuphila.
I ziphumo
I-GDP yase-US ngeminyaka ibonisa ukuba imfazwe yandisa umnotho ngaphandle koqoqosho olubangelwa ukuphela kweMfazwe yehlabathi II. Kodwa emva kweMfazwe yaseKorea iphelile ngowe-1953, kwabangela ukunyuka kwemali. Uqoqosho lwaba ne-0.6 ekhulwini ngo-1954.
Ingongoma yase-United States yokusebenzisa izixhobo zenukliya kwiNorth Korea yabancedisa ukuvelisa iimeko zelizwe ngokwakhiwa kwayo ibhomu ye-athomu. Emva kwemfazwe, i-US yamisa izibhamu zenyukliya eMzantsi Korea, ngokuphula i-armistice.
NgoJanuwari 21, 1968, abathengi baseNyakatho Korea bafika ngaphakathi kweemitha ezili-100 zokubulala uMongameli waseMzantsi Korea uPark Chung-hee. NgoJanuwari 23, 1968, abantu baseMntla Korea basebenzise i-USS Pueblo, babulala ilungu elinye baze bathathe i-hostage. Bakhululeka kwiinyanga ezili-11 emva koko.
Ngomhla ka-Agasti 18, 1976, amasosha aseNyakatho yaseKorea atyhafa ama-Army amabutho amabili ase-US kwi-DMZ. Amagosa ayegawula umthi owawuvimbela imbono yabameli beZizwe eziManyeneyo.
Ngomhla ka-Novemba 29, 1987, iNorth Korea yabonakalisa ibhomu efihliweyo kwi-Korean Airlines Flight 858, yabulala abagibeli abayi-115. Kwazama ukuphakamisa urhulumente waseMzantsi Korea kunye nokucima abathathi-nxaxheba kwi-Olimpiki. I-United States yamisela iNorth Korea ibe ngumxhasi welizwe lobutshaba.
Ngomnyaka we-2008, uMongameli Bush waphakamisa ukutyunjwa ukukhohlisa iNyakatho Korea ukuba ilahle inkqubo yayo yezixhobo zenukliya.
Ngomhla kaNovemba 20, 2017, uMongameli uTrump wabuyisela umxhasi welizwe lokwaziswa kobugqugquzeli. Ngenxa yoko, ulawulo luya kubangela ukuba kuthatyathwe izigwebo. Ukutyunjwa kuvumela izibambiso zamatyala aseburhulumenteni kwiNyakatho yeKorea ngenxa yezenzo zobundlobongela kubantu baseMerika. Kwakhona kufaka iimfuno ezingaphezulu zokubhengezwa kwiibhanki. Utyando luvumela uncedo lwangaphandle lwamazwe ase-US kwaye luyeka ukuthumela ngaphandle kwemveliso ehlobene nemikhosi.
Ngomhla kaNovemba wama-28, iNorth Korea yaseMntla yasungula umkhosi ongakwazi ukufikelela eWashington DC Njengoko kwadutshulwa ngqo, yawela ingozi kwiJapan. Igosa laseMzantsi Korea lithi iNyakatho yaseKorea inokugqiba inkqubo yayo yezixhobo zenukliya ngonyaka ozayo, ngaphaya kokulindelwe.
Oko i-United States ifuna
Iinkokeli zase-United States zifuna iNorth Korea ukuba ilahle izixhobo zayo zenyukliya kunye neprogram ye-missile. Isebenzisa izigwebo zoqoqosho ukucinezela "iNkokeli Ephakamileyo," uKim Jung Un, ukubuyela kwitafile yokuthetha.
Yiyiphi iChina efuna
I-China ifuna ukugcina ilizwe lobuKomanisi elinobungane kwimida yalo. Awufuni ukuba iSouth Korea yaseMzantsi Korea ilandelelanise ngasentla. Isakhiwo saseNorth Korea sisinomdla kakhulu.
I-China ifuna ukuthintela implosion yabaphambukeli baseNyakatho yeKorea ekhukula umda wayo. Iingqinisiso kukuba phakathi kwama-40,000 ukuya kuma-200,000 ababaleki sele behlala eChina. Ngenxa yeso sizathu, ixhasa urhulumente ukukhusela indlala yindlala okanye i-revolution. Yingakho iqhubeka nohwebo nangona zigwebo ze-UN.
I-China ihlinzeka ngamaphesenti angama-90 eentengiso zaseNyakatho Korea, kuquka ukutya kunye namandla ayo. Urhwebo phakathi kweTshayina neNyakatho yeKorea lwandise amaxesha angama-10 phakathi ko-2000 no-2015. Kwangena kwiibhiliyoni ezingama-6.86 ngo-2014. Ngo-2017, i-China yasabela kwiimvavanyo zenyukliya zaseNyakatho Korea. Kwamisa okwesikhashana ukurhweba kwamalahle kunye nokuthengiswa kwamafutha. Urhwebo kwiinyanga ezintandathu zokuqala ze-2017 beli-2.6 bhiliyoni kuphela.
I-China nayo iqabane eliphambili laseKorea laseKorea, ithatha inxalenye yesine ye-South Korea yokuthumela ngaphandle. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, iSouth Korea yiyesine iqabane elikhulu lezentengiselwano.
Ingathanda ukuqhubela phambili iiNtetho zeNtetho eziMathandathu ukuya kutshintshisa iKorea yaseNyakatho. Iintetho zawa ngo-2009. Ngaphambi koko, iJapan, iSouth Korea, neUnited States bajoyina iChina ekunikezeni uncedo kwiNorth Korea.
Yiyiphi iNyakatho Korea efuna
I-North Korea ifuna isivumelwano soxolo soxolo. Abantu bafuna ukuqinisekiswa ukuba abayi kuhlaselwa yi-United States okanye nawuphi na umntu. UKim Jung Un ufuna ukuqaphela ngokusemthethweni ukuba iNorth Korea iyindawo efanelekileyo. UKim ufuna isiqinisekiso samabutho ase-US akayi kumtyhila njengoMuammar el-Qaddafi waseLibya. Ufuna ukuqinisekiswa akayi kupheliswa njengenkokeli ye- Iraq uSaddam Hussein. Abahlaseli baseKorea baseNyakatho bafumana ubungqina bokuba i-US iceba ukwenza oko kanye.
Ngo-Matshi 6, ngo-2018, uKim wathi wayekulungele ukuqhuba iintetho kunye ne-United States malunga nokuyeka iprogram yezixhobo zenukliya. Ngokubuyisela, ufuna isiqinisekiso sase-US sokulondoloza ulawulo lwakhe. Kwakhona uya kukulungele ukudibana noMongameli waseMzantsi Korea iNyanga ye-Jae-ngo-Ephreli. Kuya kuba yintlanganiso yesithathu phakathi kweenkokheli eziphezulu zamazwe amabini.
Ngomhla ka-8 kuMatshi, uKim wamema uMongameli uTrump ukuya kwintlanganiso. I-Trump yamkela intlanganiso ukuba ibe khona ngoMeyi. I-Trump iya kugxininisa kwi-denuclearization. UKim unokuza nje ukukulungele ukunikela ngefrijini ekuphuculeni phambili.
Yeyiphi Imfazwe EyakumaKorea Korea Iya Kubukeka Njani Namhlanje
I-North Korea inezixhobo eziqhelekileyo kufuphi ne-DMZ ejoliswe eSeoul. Inkulu-dolophu yaseMzantsi Korea ibingama-24 kuphela kwaye iqulethe abantu abayizigidi ezingama-24. I-North Korea nayo inokuqalisa ukuhlaselwa kwezixhobo zamakhemikhali. Imikhosi yayo inokuthi ichithe izibonelelo ezingundoqo.
Ibutho laseMelika nelaseMzantsi Korea liza kuphelisa ngokukhawuleza nayiphi na isongelo kwiinqwelo zokulwa zaseMntla Korea. Iinqanawa ezinxulumene nazo zinokukhawuleza zithathe iinqanawa zaseMntla.
Kodwa iNorth Korea inezakhono kwi-cyber-warfare ukuphazamisa iinkqubo zezemali kunye nezokuxhumana zaseMzantsi Korea.
Imfazwe yayiza kubonakala ihluke kakhulu ukuba iChina yayibandakanyekile. Umnqophiso we-Sino-North Korea wase-1961 unyanzelekile iChina ukuba ingenelele ekukhuselweni okungenakuvuswa. I-China ayiyi kubandakanyeka ukuba iNorth Korea iqalise ingxabano. I-China ayifuni ngokwenene ukungena kwimfazwe ne- United States, umthengi wayo ongcono .
I-China ikhuthaza "i-frozen for frozen" indlela. IUnited States kunye neSouth Korea yayiza kumisa imikhosi yayo yemikhosi ngokutshintshela ukuba iqhwa kwi-North Korea ye-North nuclear test. I-China ibona u-2017 wase-US Terminal High Altitude Defence Area kwiNyakatho Korea njengengozi ekukhuselekeni kwayo.