Naphezu kwezi mingeni, wenza izinto ezininzi ezintle. Nazi ezinye ezilishumi elinesibini ngokulandelana kwexesha. Fumana indlela abafana ngayo no- 2008 "Ewe Siyakwazi!" izithembiso zephulo .
1. Kuphelile u-Recession 2008
NgoFebruwari 2009, iCongress yamkela i-$ 787 yezigidigidi ze-economic pack package . Ukunciphisa irhafu, ukunyusa iingeniso zengqesho , kunye neeprojekthi zengqesho zoluntu. Ukunyuka kwemali kwaphela ngoJulayi xa ukukhula kwe-GDP kuguqukile. Kwiinyanga ezisixhenxe nje, uMthetho Wokubuyiswa kweMelika kunye nokuThengiswa kweMali wamphosa i-$ 241.9 yezigidigidi kwizoqoqosho. Ukukhula okwenyuka kumlinganiselo ophezulu we- 3.9 weepesenti ekuqaleni kuka-2010. Ngo-Matshi 30, 2011, phantse yonke imali (i-$ 633.5 billion) yachitha imali.
2. Ukwenziwa kweMigangatho yoBuchule
U-Obama wakhankanya imboni ye-auto ngoMelika ngo-Matshi 30, 2009. Urhulumente wezepolisi uthathe iGeneral Motors kunye neChrysler, ukugcina imisebenzi emithathu yezigidi. Inyanzelekile ukuba iinkampani zibe zizinzi-mafutha kwaye ngoko ke zikhuphiswano jikelele.
3. Yamkela iNkcazo yoxolo yeNobel ka-2009
Ngo-Oktobha 9, 2009, u-Obama wathola umvuzo weNobel woxolo. IKomiti inqumle "imizamo yakhe eqhelekileyo yokuqinisa ukudibanisa amazwe kunye nentsebenziswano phakathi kwabantu." Washiya imikhosi esuka e-Iraq ngo-2011.
Wanciphisa i-US headhead ye-warhead ye-nyukliya egcinwe ngama-10 ekhulwini.
4. Ukunakekelwa kweMpilo kwiMpilo
Ngomhla ka-23 Matshi 2010, uMthetho ojongene noKhathalelo ongenakunqwenela uguqulele ukhathalelo lwempilo. Ngo-2014, uqoqosho lwazuza ngokufikelela kuma-95 ekhulwini labemi kwi-inshurensi yezempilo. Inani elikhulu labantu abafumana unyango lokukhusela linciphisa inani leendleko ezibizayo kumagumbi angxamisekileyo.
Ukunciphisa ukunyuka kweendleko zonyango kubantu bonke. Kungenxa yokuba i-Medicaid ibuyisela izibhedlele ngononophelo lwengxamiseko. Ezi zizona zibalulekileyo kwiintlobo ezili -10 ze- Obamacare .
Kutheni kufuneka unyango lwempilo luguquke? Ukunyusa iindleko ezongelwa ukuba zithathe lonke uhlahlo lwabiwo-mali . Kwakungenxa yeso sizathu sokubanjelwa kwebhanki . Ngokubuyisela, amaMelika athatyathwa ngononophelo olugqithiseleyo kwilizwe eliphuhlisiwe. Nguyena kuphela wamazwe aphakamileyo angama-33 ngaphandle kokunakekelwa kwezempilo jikelele .
UMongameli uDonald Trump wathembisa "ukutshitshisa nokutshintsha" u- Obamacare . Ukususela ngo-Oktobha 2017, uye wahluleka ukudlula nayiphi na imithetho. Kodwa uyanciphisa i-Obamacare ngaphandle kokupheliswa .
5. Ilawulwa yiBhanki ezinkulu
NgoJulayi 2010, uMthetho we- Dodd-Frank Wall Reform Act wenza ngcono ukulawulwa kweendawo ezisibhozo ezikhokelela kwingxaki yezimali. I- Arhente yeMali yokuThengwa kwezeMali yabathengi inciphisa izenzo eziyingozi zamakhadi-mboleko kunye nemali yokuthenga. I-Financial Stability Monitoring Council ilawula i- hedge funds kunye neebhanki eziba zikhulu kakhulu ukuba zingaphumeleli . "I- Volcker Rule " ivinjelwe iibhanki ngokubeka ilahleko zokufaka ilahleko kunye nemali yabo yokubeka imali. UDodd-Frank wacacisa ukuba yiyiphi i-arhente elawulwayo yiyiphi ibhanki, ibeka ibhanki kwi-cherry-ikhetha abalawuli bayo.
UDodd-Frank uholele iKomishoni yezoThutho kunye noTshintsho kunye neKomishoni yokuThengiswa kweeNkxaso.
Ezi zilawulwa ziimveliso ezisemngciphekweni, njengemali ye- credit swaps kunye nezinto ezizayo . U-Dodd-Frank naye wabuza i-SEC ukuba iphakamise ukuba i-arhente yokulinganiswa kwemali-mboleko, njenge-Moody's and Standard & Poor's, ingahlaziywa.
6. Ukwabiwa kweRhafu ka-2010
NgoDisemba 2010, u-Obama kunye neCongress bavumelana ngokuvuselela okongezelelweyo ngendlela ye- $ 858 yezigidigidi zentlawulo . Kwakunezinto ezintathu eziphambili: ukongezwa kwerhafu ye- Bush engama-$ 350 yezigidi, i-$ 56 yezigidi zee-benefit zeempesheni zengqesho , kunye nokunciphisa i-$ 120 yezigidi zeerhafu zokuhlawula iirhafu zabasebenzi. Amashishini athola i-$ 140 yezigidi kwiingcucuko zerhafu ukwenzela ukuphuculwa kwenkunzi kunye ne-80 billion yezigidi kwiirhafu zophando nophando. Irhafu yerhafu yaxolelwa (kufika kwiidola ezigidi eziyi-5), kwaye kwakukho iikhredithi ezongezelelweyo zokufundiswa kweekholeji kunye nabantwana.
6. Kuchoxiswa kweBin Laden Usongelo kwaye waxosha amaxhoba e-Iraq nase-Afghanistan
Ngomhla ka-Meyi 1, 2011, ii-NAL SEAL zihlasele i-al-Qaida iqela eliyinkokheli ePakistan kwaye lisusa u-Osama bin Laden.
Kamva ngaloo nyaka, u-Obama wasusa amajoni e- Iraq War . Kwiminyaka emithathu kamva, ukusongelwa okuvela kwi-ISIS kwakuthetha ukuba amabutho abuyele. I- Sunni-Shiite yahlukana phakathi kwe-Islam kuthetha ukuba kunokuhlala kusekho imfazwe eMbindi Mpuma.
Ngo-2014, u-Obama wonakalisa imfazwe e-Afghanistan . Ukupheliswa kweemfazwe e-Iraq nase-Afghanistan kufuneka kubencitshiswe imali yenkcitho yonyaka. Ngaphezulu kwama- dollar ayi-800 yezigidigidi , bekuyiyona nto ibhajethi eyona nto ibaluleke kakhulu kwaye enye yezona zinto ezibangela ukulahleka kohlahlo lwabiwo-mali kunye netyala lelizwe. Esikhundleni saloo nto, ukuchitha kwiMfazwe eSebantwini kwahlala kuphakamileyo kunexesha lolawulo lweBush .
7. Iimilinganiselo zokuQinisekisa iFoel Fuel
Ngomhla ka-Agasti 28, 2012, ulawulo luka-Obama lwakhiqize umgangatho omgangatho wokusebenza kwamafutha. Wayefuna iimoto kunye namaloli alula athola ama-54.5 MPG ngo-2025. Oku kuya kunciphisa ukusetyenziswa kweoli ngeebhiliyoni ezigidi ezili-12, ukugcina abaqhubi be-1.7 trillion. Kuya kunciphisa umonakalo weenguqu zemozulu ngokunciphisa i-greenhouse gases.
Ulawulo lweTrump luthembisa ukubuyisela le migangatho. Kodwa iCalifornia idinga iinqwelo zer-emissions. Amanye amacandelo alishumi elinesibini amkele igunya. Ama-automakers amakhulu kufuneka akhe imoto ukuhlangabezana nemigangatho engqongqo kwi-European Union nase-Asia.
8. Ngomhla wokhetho lukaMongameli we-2012
NgoNovemba 6, 2012, u-Obama wathola isigqibo sesibini. Umviwa waseRiphabhliki kaMongameli uMitt Romney wathembisa ukuphelisa u-Obamacare noDodd-Frank. Abavoti babengenakunyaniseka malunga nokuphelisa inzuzo yempilo nemimiselo echasene neebhanki ezinkulu. URomney wehlulekile ukubamba ingcamango yelizwe ngokungabonakali umbono omtsha wokukhula koqoqosho.
9. Ukunciphisa i-Carbon Emissions
U-Obama wamemezela imimiselo yokunciphisa ikhabhoni ngo-2014. Wenza iSicwangciso soMbane esicocekileyo ngo-2015. Sinciphisa i-carbon dioxide ukukhutshwa ngamaphesenti angama-32 ukusuka kuma-2005 ngama-2030. Ukuthobela, izityalo zamandla zivunyelwene ukudala iipesenti ezingama-30 ezongezelelweyo zamandla ngokutsha ngo-2030. Ikhuthaza ukuhweba kwekhabhoni ngokukhupha amazwe ukuba aveze ngaphantsi kwekhabhoni ye-carbon ukuze athengise i-surplus.
Isivumelwano seNyukliya kunye ne-Iran
NgoJulayi 14, 2015, u-Obama waphula isivumelwano sesivumelwano soxolo kunye ne-Iran . Oko kwakuthetha ukuba i-Iran ayinakukwazi ukwakha ibhokliya ezinyangeni ezintathu. Kunoko, kuthatha ubuncinane ngonyaka. Ngenxa yoko, iZizwe eziManyeneyo ziphakamise izigwebo zoqoqosho ezibekwa ngo-2010. I-Trump ibonakalisa isivumelwano sokuzama ukuxoxisana neengxaki ezingcono kwi-United States.
Isivumelwano esikhulu seNtengiso yehlabathi
Ngomhla we-Oktobha 4, 2015, iqela lika-Obama lithethathethwano loThengwano lweTranspacific . Kwakuya kuthatha indawo ye-NAFTA njengesivumelwano esikhulu sokuthengisa-ntle . Kuye kwasusa iintlawulo phakathi kwe-United States kunye namanye amazwe angama-11 anqumla umda we-Pacific Ocean. Ngomhla kaJanuwari 23, 2017, iTump yashiya iUnited States kwisivumelwano. Amanye amazwe aceba ukuqhubeka nesivumelwano nakanjani. IJapan kunye neYurophu yaseYurophu baxoxisana ngesivumelwano sabo.
U-Obama uqalise ukuThengiswa koRhwebo lweTransatlantic kunye noTyalo-mali phakathi kweUnited States kunye neYurophu yaseYurophu . Ixesha lakhe laphela phambi kokuba iingxoxo zigqitywe. Kuya kuba mkhulu kune-TPP. I-Trump ayiqhubekanga phambili kwi-TTIP.
12. Isivumelwano soTshintsho lweMozulu
NgoDisemba 12, 2015, ama-Obama kunye namanye amazwe angama-196 amemezela iSivumelwano seMimoya yaseParis. Amazwe avumile ukunciphisa ukukhutshwa kwekhabhoni nokunyusa ukuthengiswa kwekhabhoni. Injongo kukukhawulela ukufudumala kwehlabathi ukuya kwii-2 degrees Celsius ngaphezu kwamaqondo okushisa kwangaphambili. Amazwe athuthukileyo aya kunika i-$ 100 yezigidigidi ngonyaka ukwenzela ukunceda iimarike ezikhulayo. Bathwala ubunzima bokungcoliswa kwemozulu . Bajamelana neengqungquthela ezinkulu, ukunyuka kwamaqondo olwandle kunye nobunzima obunzima.
Ngo-Oktobha 5, ngo-2016, amazwe anele aqinisekisile isivumelwano sokuthi saqala ukusebenza. Kwintlanganiso ye-2016 ye- G20 , i-China kunye ne-United States bavuma ukuvuma isivumelwano. La mazwe amabini ama-emitters amakhulu kunawo onke e-greenhouse gases. NgoJuni 1, 2017, uTump uvakalise ukurhoxiswa kwe-US kwisivumelwano.
13. Omhle uMdali weJob
U-Obama ngumongameli omkhulu wokudala imisebenzi kwimbali yase-US. Imigaqo yakhe ibeka abantu abayizigidi ezingama-22.309 ukuba basebenze ukusuka ekujuleni kwemali ngoJanuwari 2010 ukuya ekupheleni kwekota. Kungenxa yokuba ukungabikho kwemisebenzi kwaqhubeka ukunyuka nangemva kokuba uqoqosho lwaphela ngo-2009. Kuthatha inyanga ezimbalwa zokukhula koqoqosho ngaphambi kokuba amabhizinisi anelisekile ukuqala ukuqasha kwakhona.
Ukususela ekuqaleni kwexesha lakhe, wafaka abantu abayizigidi ezili-17.267 ukuba basebenze. Oko kumenza ube ngowona wesibini mhle-msebenzi, emva koBill Clinton. Ingeniso yeJob yayiya kuba bhetele xa iCongress ivume iMicrosoft Jobs Act .
Ezinye izinto
Ukugcinwa kokuqhubeka komgaqo-nkqubo we-Federal Reserve - u- Obama wakhetha uVice-Sihlalo we-Federal Reserve uJanet Yellen ukuba atshintshe uBen Bernanke. Wayegcina umgaqo-mali wenkxaso-mali owandisayo owadala amaxabiso omgangatho ophantsi kakhulu kwiminyaka engama-200. Oku kwaye kwavumela amanqanaba okuqala okubuyiswa kwezindlu kunye nokunyuka kwenyameko kodwa kwandisa ukuqhuba. Kungenxa yokuba i- Treasury isivuno sinokuchaphazela amaxabiso omhlalaphantsi .
Ukulahleka kweMali - Inqaku eliphambili ngokumelene no- Obama kukunyuka kwetyala likazwelonke . Ingxenye yesizathu sokwanda kwale mali yayiyichitha imali eyayisetyenziswa ekuvuseleleni uqoqosho. Iintsilelo zawela kwikota yesibini. Iingcipheko ezipheleleyo zeprojekthi zika-Obama ziyi $ 6.576 trillion.
- FY 2017 : $ 441 yezigidigidi
- FY 2016 : iibhiliyoni ezingama-600
- FY 2015 : $ 438 billion
- U-2014 : ii-$ 485 zeebhiliyoni
- E-FY 2013 : i-$ 679 billion.
- FY 2012 : $ 1.087 trillion
- FY 2011 : $ 1.3 trillion.
- U-2010 : $ 1.294 trillion.
- U-2009 : Wongeza ii-253 zeebhiliyoni zama-dollar kwiindleko zokuvuselela ibhajethi yeBush.
Ayikho iScottal Personal - Enye impumelelo ayifumanekanga kodwa iyakuncomeka. Yiyo irekhodi likaBauty elingenasiphako. UMongameli uBabraham uye wakhonza ixesha elide kunanoma yimuphi umongameli kwimashumi eminyaka ngaphandle kokubonakala kwegama elithi "scandal" kwiphepha eliphambili laseWashington Post. Ukufumana iimpumelelo ezingaphezulu, jonga ama-50 aphezulu ayenziweyo.
Abacebisi ba Obama
Ingxenye yesizathu sokuphumelela kuka-Obama liqela lakhe lokuqala labacebisi bezoqoqosho. Abaninzi babo bancedisa ukwakha imigaqo-nkqubo awayeyichaza ngexesha lakhe lepampu ye-2008 , kubandakanywa icebo lokuvuselela imali yokubuyisa ilizwe ngokulandelelana. Wayehlwaywa ngokumisela uSihlalo we- Federal Reserve uPaul Volcker njengentloko yePhaneli lezeNtuthuko lezoQoqosho. Wabiza uMariya Schapiro intloko yeKhomishoni ye- Securities and Exchange emva kwesicwangciso se- Madoff Ponzi . Nangona kunjalo, wagxeka ngenxa yokubandakanya uNobhala weSebe likaNondyebo uLawrence Summers , owayengamele ukuchithwa kwe- Glass-Steagall Act . Ngomhla kaJanuwari 2011, ukuxhatshazwa kwamthumelele uLarry Summers, uKhristina Romer, uPeter Orszag noPaul Volcker endleleni.
Iminyaka Yokuqala ka-Obama
UBarack Obama wazalwa eHawaii ngo-Agasti 4, 19651. Wafumana i-BA yakhe esuka e-Columbia University ngo-1983 kunye no-JD waseHarvard Law School ngo-1991. Wayengumfundisi wezomgaqo-siseko kwiYunivesithi yaseChicago ukususela ngo-1992 ukuya ku-2004. Umbono wakhe wobuGodo Amaphupha avela kuBawo wam: Ibali leRace and Heritage in 1995.
Waba ngu-Senate State State ngo-1996. Wakhonza kwada kwaba nguSenator wase-United States ngo-2005. Wafumana ingqwalasela yesizwe xa uthetha egameni likaJohn Kerry kwiNgqungquthela yesizwe ye- Democratic Republic ka-2004. Wanyathelisa i -Audacity of Hope: Iingcamango zokubuyisela i-American Dream ngo-2006. (Imithombo: "UBarack Obama," uWorkehouse.gov. "UBarack Obama," Biography.com. " 2017.)