Iindleko eziqhubekayo zeMfazwe yase-Afghanistan
Iindleko zemali ze-1.07 trillion zinezinto ezintathu eziphambili. Okokuqala yi-$ 773 yezigidigidi kwiimali zokuSebenziselwa kweeNgqungquthela ze-Overseas Contingency funds ezinikezelwe ngokukhethekileyo kwiMfazwe yase-Afghanistan.
Okwesibini kukunyuka kwe-$ 243 yezigidi kwibhajethi yesiseko seSebe lezoKhuseleko . Okwesithathu kukunyuka kwama-54.2 billion kwiSebe loLwabiwo-mali loLutsha.
Ezinye zeendleko zikwabakho kwiMfazwe e-Iraq . Kodwa ixabiso eliyinyaniso leMfazwe yase-Afghanistan kufuneka libandakanye ukongezwa kula masebe, nokuba ngaba ezinye zeemali ziye zaya kwiimfazwe zombini. Ngezinye iinkcukacha malunga nendlela yokujonga iindleko zokukhusela, jonga uhlahlo lwabiwo-mali lwase- US .
Umlinganiselo weeNkcitho zeMfazwe yase-Afghanistan
Nanku umhlathi wento eyenzeka ngonyaka. Itafile ezishwankathela ezi ndleko zingezantsi.
U-2001 - i-$ 37.3 yezigidigidi: U- Osama bin Laden ugunyazisiwe ukuhlaselwa kwe-9/11 . UMongameli uB Bush ufuna ukuba i-Taliban yase-Afghanistan ihlangule i-bin Laden okanye ingozi yokuhlaselwa kwe-US. I-Congress yabiza i-$ 22.9 yezigidi zezimali ezixakekayo. Ngo-Oktobha 7, ii-jets zase-US zihlasele ibutho lamandla aseTaliban. NgoDisemba 7, amaTaliban awashiya i-Kabul, inkunzi.
UHamid Karzai waba yintloko yentloko yolawulo. Ngaloo nyanga, amabutho asemhlabeni aphishekela i-bin Laden emagqabini ase-Afghan. Wabalekela ePakistan ngoDisemba 16, 2001.
EYAKA-2002 - i-$ 65.1 yezigidigidi : Ngo-Matshi, umkhosi wase-US uqalise u-Operation Anaconda ngokulwa namaTaliban. UBush wathembisa ukuvuselela i-Afghanistan, kodwa yanikezela ngeebhiliyoni ezingama-38 phakathi ko-2001 no-2009.
UBush wanikela ingqalelo kwiMfazwe yase-Iraq.
FY 2003 - i-$ 56.7 yezigidigidi : NgoMeyi, i-Administration Administration yabhengezela ukuba ukulwa okugqithisileyo kwaphela e-Afghanistan. I-NATO ithatha ulawulo lokuthunywa koxolo. I-NATO yongeze ama-65,000 amabutho avela kumazwe angama-42.
I-FY 2004 - i-$ 29.6 yezigidigidi : NgoJanuwari 9, i-Afghanistan yakha uMgaqo-siseko omtsha. Ngo-Oktobha 9, amabutho ase-US awalondoloze ama-Afghans avela eTaliban ukuhlaselwa ngenxa yokhetho lwabo lokuqala lokuqala. Ngo-Oktobha 29, uBin Laden wasongela omnye uhlaselo lwabathukula.
FY 2005 - i-$ 47.4 yezigidigidi: Ngo-Meyi 23, uBush noKarzai batyikitya isivumelwano sokuvumela i-US impi yamajoni ase-Afghan ngokubuyisela uqeqesho kunye nezixhobo. Izigidi ezi-6 zase-Afghani zivotele iibhunga zelizwe kunye neendawo. Abazivoti bezigidi ezi-3 babesetyhini.
I-FY 2006 - i-$ 29.9 yezigidigidi: Urhulumente we-Afghanistan omtsha unzima ukubonelela ngeenkonzo ezisisiseko, kubandakanywa nokukhuselwa kwamapolisa. Ubudlova buyanda. I-United States igxeke i-NATO ngokungabanikeli amajoni amaninzi.
U-2007 - i-$ 57.3 yezigidigidi: Iindlalifa zabulala umlawuli weTaliban, uMollah Dadullah.
EYAKA-2008 - i-$ 87.7 yezigidigidi: Ulwaphulo-mthetho lwaqhubeka eAfghanistan emva kokuba amabutho ase-US abulale abantu.
I-FY 2009 - i-$ 100 yezigidigidi : uMongameli uBabhina wathatha isikhundla. Wathumela amanye amabutho ama-17,000 e-Afghanistan ngo-Ephreli.
Wathembisa ukuthumela elinye i-30,000 ngoDisemba. Wabiza uLt General General McChrystal njengomlawuli omtsha. Isicwangciso sika-Obama sigxile ekuhlaseleni amabutho aseTaliban kunye ne-al-Qaida emiphandleni yasePakistan. Oku kwongeza i-$ 59.5 yezigidigidi kwi-budget ye-Bush's FY ka-2009. Wathembisa ukuxosha yonke imikhosi ngo-2011. Abavoti baphinde baphendule iKarzai phakathi kweenkohlakalo zobuqhetseba.
I-FY 2010 - i-$ 112.7 yezigidigidi: I- NATO ithumele iikhosi zokulwa ukulwa namaTaliban ase-Afghanistan. I-NATO yavuma ukuguqula konke ukukhusela kumkhosi wase-Afghanistan ngo-2014. U-Obama washintsha uMcChrystal kunye noGeneral Petraeus. I-Afghanistan ibanjelwe ukhetho lwepalamente phakathi kweentlawulo zobuqhetseba.
I-FY 2011 - i-$ 110.4 yezigidigidi: Ama- Special Forces athathe u-Osama bin Laden ngo-Meyi 1, 2011. U-Obama wamemezela ukuba uya kuhoxisa amabutho angama-10,000 ase-Afghanistan ekupheleni konyaka kunye nama-23,000 ekupheleni konyaka ka-2012.
I-United States yabamba iintetho zoxolo zangaphambili kunye nabaholi beTaliban. (Umthombo: u-Amy Belasco, " Iindleko ze-Iraq, i-Afghanistan kunye nezinye iimfazwe zeMfazwe yehlabathi kwi-Terror Operations ukususela ngo-9/11 ," Itafile A1.
I-FY 2012 - i-$ 105.1 yezigidigidi: U- Obama wamemezela ukuhoxiswa kwamanye amabutho angama-23,000 ase-Afghanistan ehlobo, kwasala amashumi angama-70 000. Amacala omabini ayavuma ukukhawuleza ukuxoshwa kwamagosa ase-US ukuya ngo-2013. Ubukho babo abuzange bumkeleke. I-Taliban ikhansele iintetho zentetho yase-US.
I-FY 2013 - i-$ 53.3 yezigidigidi: Amandla ase-US aya kutshintshwa kwinkqubo yoqeqesho kunye nenkxaso. AmaTaliban alawula uxoxiswano lwezoxolo kunye ne-United States, okwenza uKarzai amise iingxoxo zakhe ze-US.
I-FY 2014 - i-$ 80.2 yezigidigidi: U- Obama wamemezela ukuxothwa kwamagosa ase-United States, kunye nabacebisi abangama-9 800 abasele ekupheleni konyaka. (Umthombo: "iMfazwe yase-Afghanistan," iBhunga leeNtsebenziswano zangaphandle. "Iziganeko ezinkulu kwiMfazwe yase-Afghanistan," I-New York Times.)
I-FY 2015 - i-$ 60.9 yezigidigidi: Amagosa aqeqeshiwe amabutho ase-Afghan. (Umthombo: i-DoD 2015 i-OCO isilungiso)
I-FY 2016 - i-$ 30.8 yezigidigidi: I-DoD yacela imali ngemigudu yokuqeqesha e-Afghanistan kunye nokuqeqeshwa kunye nezixhobo ze-Armed forces. Kwakhona kufaka inkxaso ngenkxaso ye-NATO kunye neempendulo kwiisongelo zamaphekula. (Umthombo: U-DoD 2016 Ulungiso lwe-OCO)
I-FY 2017 - i-$ 5.7 yezigidigidi: I-DoD yacela i-$ 58.8 yezigidi ze-Operation Freedom Sentinel e-Afghanistan, i-Operation Inherent Resolve e-Iraq kunye ne-Levant, ukunyusa inkxaso yaseYurophu kunye nokulwa nobugqwetha. (Umthombo: U-DoD 2017 u-OCO uhlengahlengiso.)
NgoJuni 2017, uMongameli uDonald Trump wagunyazisa ukuthumela ama-3 000 ukuya ku-5 000 amabutho e-Afghanistan ukuqinisa imizamo yokuqeqesha apho. NgoJanuwari 11, ngo-2018, i-Pentagon yamemezele ukuba iya kuthumela kwi-drones kunye nabacebisi abatsha abatsha abaphambili ngaphambi kwexesha lokulwa konyaka. Ugxininiso lwezolawulo lujolise ekuhlaseleni amaphekula kwaye kungekhona ukwakha isizwe.
Ixilongo lathembisa ukunyanzela iPakistan ukuba idibanise iiseli zamaphekula ngaphaya komda wayo ne-Afghanistan. Wabiza uhulumeni wase-Afghanistan ukuba abuyele kwinkohlakalo. Kodwa ukukwazi kwakhe ukwenza oko akuqinisekanga. Akazange abeke i-ambassador e-Kabul. Wavala i-ofisi yommeli okhethekileyo wase-Afghanistan nasePakistan.
Isicwangciso seTrump asifani kakhulu nabaphambi kwakhe. Wayekhankasela ukuyeka ngokupheleleyo. Kodwa oko kuya kuvumela i-Taliban kunye nezigandagcini ukuba zizalise ukungabikho. (Umthombo: "I-Trump ibeka Isicwangciso se-US seMfazwe yase-Afghan," i-New York Times, ngo-Agasti 21, ngo-2017.)
Amajoni ase-Afghanistan alwa nokuhlaselwa kweTaliban kunye neqela lama-Islamic State. Kukho ama-9,800 aseMerika apho njengenxalenye yamaqela angama-13,000 e-troop angamazwe ngamazwe. (Imithombo: "Ixilongo linika iGunya leMattis ukuba lithumele amaninzi amaninzi e-Afghanistan," iThe New York Times, ngoJuni 13, ngo-2017. "I-Trump ilinganisa i-Rhetoric ne-Real Madrid e-Afghan Troop Decision," CNN, Meyi 10, 2017.)
Iindleko zeMfazwe yase-Afghanistan Inkcazo yeSishwankathelo (kwiibhiliyoni)
| FY | Iindleko zeMfazwe yase-Afghanistan | Ukwandiswa kohlahlo lwabiwo-mali | VA Ukunyuka kweBhajethi | Iyonke | Iibhothi eziphantsi komhlaba | Amazwana |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2001 | $ 29.3 | $ 6.5 | $ 1.5 | $ 37.3 | 9,700 | 9/11. Taliban iyawa. |
| 2002 | $ 22.8 | $ 40.8 | $ 1.5 | $ 65.1 | 9,700 | |
| 2003 | $ 68.4 | $ 36.7 | $ 2.6 | $ 56.7 | 13,100 | I-NATO ingena. |
| 2004 | $ 92.1 | $ 11.6 | $ 2.6 | $ 29.6 | 18,300 | Ivoti ye-1. |
| 2005 | $ 99.8 | $ 23.6 | $ 3.1 | $ 47.4 | 17,821 | Isivumelwano seKarzai. |
| 2006 | $ 114.7 | $ 10.5 | $ 0.7 | $ 29.9 | 20,502 | Ubundlobongela buphuma. |
| 2007 | $ 161.9 | $ 20.9 | $ 5.3 | $ 57.3 | 24,780 | |
| 2008 | $ 182.9 | $ 47.5 | $ 1.2 | $ 87.7 | 32,500 | |
| 2009 | $ 149.1 | $ 34.2 | $ 9.8 | $ 100.0 | 69,000 | Obama uphumelele. |
| 2010 | $ 158.9 | $ 14.7 | $ 3.9 | US $ 112.7 | 96,900 | NATO. |
| 2011 | $ 153.3 | $ 0.3 | $ 3.3 | $ 110.4 | 94,100 | Wabulawa nguBin Laden. |
| 2012 | $ 120.9 | $ 2.2 | $ 2.3 | $ 105.1 | 65,800 | Ukuhlaselwa kweTroop. |
| 2013 | $ 93.3 | - $ 34.9 | $ 2.6 | $ 53.3 | 43,300 | |
| 2014 | $ 82.2 | $ 0.8 | $ 2.0 | $ 80.2 | 32,500 | Amagosa ashiye. |
| 2015 | $ 63.1 | $ 1.0 | $ 1.8 | $ 60.9 | 9,100 | I-US imqeqesha amabutho ase-Afghan. |
| 2016 | N / A | $ 24.3 | $ 6.5 | $ 30.8 | 9,800 | |
| 2017 | N / A | $ 2.2 | $ 3.5 | $ 5.7 | N / A | |
| YONKE | $ 773.0 | $ 243.0 | $ 54.2 | $ 1,070.2 |
* Iibhothi eziphantsi komhlaba inani leempi e-Iraq. Ukususela ngo-2001 ukuya ku-2013, kufana noDisemba waloo nyaka. U-2014 - 2017 unjalo ngoMeyi. (Umthombo: "Iindleko ze-Iraq, i-Afghanistan kunye neminye iMfazwe yehlabathi yonke kwi-Terror Operations Ukususela ngo-9/11," Uludwe lwe-A-1. "U-Amy Belasco, iNkonzo yoPhando lweCongress, ngoMatshi 29, 2014.) Iibhoti eziphantsi komhlaba ka-2015 no-2016 njengekota yesine. (Umthombo: Heidi M. Peters, " Isebe leNkonkontrakta yoKhuseleko kunye neNqanaba leTroop e-Iraq nase-Afghanistan: 2007-2017 ," Itheyibhile 3. I-Congressional Research Service, ngo-Agasti 15, 2016. "Iingxelo zeMbali," i-OMB.)
Iindleko zeMfazwe yase-Afghanistan ukuya kumaVeteran
Iindleko zangempela zeMfazwe yase-Afghanistan zingaphezulu kweeyure eziyi-1,66 zama-trillion ezongeziweyo kwi-matyala. Okokuqala, kwaye ebaluleke kakhulu, yindleko eqhutywa yi-2,350 amabutho ase-US afa, ama-20,092 ayenzakelekile kunye neentsapho zabo. (Umthombo: "Ukufa okupheleleyo kwe-KIA," iSebe lezoKhuseleko, ngoJanuwari 13, 2017.) Iinkcukacha malunga nalezi zintlupheko, jonga iCasualties.org.
Ukuphuculwa kwicawa yezemfazwe kwakuthetha ukuba ngaphezu kwama-90 ekhulwini amajoni ahlaselwe e-Afghanistan aphila. Oku kungcono kunempi yeVietnam ye-Vietnam ye-86.5. Ngelishwa, oku kuthetha ukuba aba batsha kunye neentsapho zabo ngoku kufuneka baphile nemiphumo yomonakalo osisigxina. Amasosha angama-320,000 aphuma e-Afghanistan nase-Iraq ayenobungozi obunzima beBrainatic Brain obangela ukuphazamiseka nokudideka. Kulabo, 8,237 babenobungozi obunzima okanye obuyingozi bentsholongwane. Ukongeza, ama-1,645 amasosha alahlekelwe yonke okanye inxalenye yesilungu. Bangaphezu kwama-138,000 abane-Post Traumatic Distress Disorder. Bafumana ama-flashbacks, ukunyanzeliswa kunye nobunzima bokulala.
Ngokomyinge, ama-veterans angama-20 ayazibulala ngosuku ngalunye ngokufunda ngo-2016 VA. I-Iraq ne-Afghanistan iVeterans of America zifumene ukuba ama-47 ekhulwini lamalungu ayo azi umntu ozama ukuzibulala emva kokubuya emsebenzini. Iqela lijonga ukuzibulala kwabadala ukuba yinkalo yayo enye. (Umthombo: " Isikhokelo se-US Military Casualty Statistics: Usebenziso olutsha lweDawn, i-Operation Iraqi Freedom, kunye no-Operation Enduring Freedom ," i-Congressional Research Service, uHana Fischer, ngoFebruwari 19, 2014. , NgoMatshi 24, 2014.)
Iindleko zezilwanyana zonyango kunye nokukhubazeka kwiminyaka engama-40 ezayo ziya kuba ngaphezu kwe-$ 1 trillion. Okokutsho ngoLinda Bilmes, umfundisi ophezulu kwimali kaRhulumente kwi-Harvard yaseKennedy School of Government. "Iindleko zokunyamekela iimfazwe zemfazwe zikhula iminyaka engama-30 ukuya kuma-40 okanye ngaphezulu emva kokuxabana," kusho uBilmes. (Umthombo: " Iindleko zeMfazwe ," iWatson Institute kwiByunivesithi yaseBrown, ngoSeptemba 2016. "IMfazwe yaseIraq iphila ngeSibini-ixabiso leNkqantosi yaseMelika, i-BusinessWeek, ngoJanuwari 3, 2012." Amagosa okugqibela ase-US ashiye i-Iraq, "iBloomberg , Matshi 19, 2013).
Iindleko zoQoqosho
Imfazwe yase-Afghanistan ixabisa ngaphezu kweedola ezingama-738 yezigidi zexabiso lokunyuka kwamaxabiso e-Vietnam. Yesibili kuphela kwi-$ 4.1 trillion i-dollar engaguqukiyo echithwa ngemali ngexesha leMfazwe Yehlabathi II.
Ngokungafani neemfazwe zangaphambili, iintsapho ezininzi zaseMerika azizange zithinteke yiMfazwe yase-Afghanistan. Ngokungafani neMfazwe yaseVietnam kunye neMfazwe yesiBini II, kwakungekho nto yokuyila. Kwakungekho ntlawulo ehlawulwe ukuhlawula imfazwe.
Ngenxa yoko, abo bakhonzayo kunye neentsapho zabo babethelela. Kuya kubabiza i-$ 300 yezigidigidi kwiminyaka emininzi ezayo ukuhlawula amalungu abo entsapho abalimele. Oko akubandakanyi umvuzo olahlekileyo kwimisebenzi abayekile ukunyamekela isihlobo sabo.
Izizukulwana ezizayo ziya kuhlawula ukudibanisa netyala. Umphandi uRyan Edwards uqikelele ukuba i-United States inomdla owongezelelweyo wama-453bhiliyoni enomdla kwiityala zokuhlawula iimfazwe eMbindi-mpuma. Kule minyaka engama-40 ezayo, ezi ndleko ziza kwandisa i-$ 7.9 trillion kwi-matyala. (Umthombo: "Iindleko zeMfazwe," iWatson Institute, ngoSeptemba 2016.)
Iinkampani, ingakumbi amashishini amancinci, aphazamiseka yi-National Guard kunye ne-Reserve call-ups. Uqoqosho luye lwabanjelwa umrhumo ovelisayo weenkonzo zonyango ezibuleweyo, ezixhatshaziweyo okanye eziphazamisekile ngengqondo.
Kukho neendleko zamathuba ngokwemisebenzi yokudala imisebenzi . Zonke iibhiliyoni eziyi-1 zeebhiliyoni ezisetyenziselwa ukukhusela zidala imisebenzi engama-8,555 kwaye zongeza i-$ 565 yezigidi kwizoqoqosho. I-1 billion yezigidi zeentlawulo zerhafu zivuselela imfuneko eyaneleyo yokudala imisebenzi eyi-10,779 kwaye ibeka iidola ezingama-505 kwizoqoqosho njengentengiso yokuthengisa . Imali eyi-1 yeebhiliyoni eyi-1 eyichithwa kwimfundo yongeza i-$ 1.3 billion kwizoqoqosho kwaye idala imisebenzi eyi-17,687.
Izizathu
Kwakutheni ukuze iUnited States iqalise imfazwe e-Afghanistan? Ulawulo lwe-Bush lwalufuna ukuphelisa usongelo lobutyholwa ngumkhokheli we-al-Qaida, u-Osama bin Laden. Kwakhona kwakufuna ukususa i-Taliban kumandla ukususela ekukhuselekeni kweBin Laden.
I-Al-Qaida yayiseAfghanistan ekubeni i-Taliban yaqala ukulawula ngo-1996. Ngaphambi koko, i-al-Qaida yayisebenzise emngceleni wasePakistan osentshonalanga. Yabuyela ePakistan xa iUnited States yaxosha iTaliban ngo-2001. (Umthombo: "I-Al-Qaida Backgrounder," iBhunga loBudlelwane beZangaphandle, ngoJuni 6, 2012.)
AmaTaliban aphuma kumaSulumane aphikisana no-1979-1989 umsebenzi wamaSoviet wase-Afghanistan. Bavela kumawaka e-mujahedeen (amaqhawe angcwele) afika evela kuwo wonke umhlaba ukulwa namaSoviet. Okumangalisayo kukuba, iUnited States yanikela iinqwelo zokulwa neenqwelo zomlilo kwi-mujahedeen ukuyeka ukusasazeka kobuKomanisi eMbindi Mpuma. (Umthombo: "Umsebenzi waseSoviet wase-Afghanistan," iPBS Newshour, ngo-Oktobha 10, 2006.)
Xa imfazwe iphelile, la majahedeen alwa nomnye ukulawula ilizwe. Umxhasi we-Afghan uhlangene nabantu basePastun ukudala iTaliban. Baye benza i-Islamist version ye-Islam. I-Taliban (oku kuthetha ukuba umfundi) uye waya ezikolweni ezixhaswa ngemali yi-Saudi Arabia.
AmaTaliban athembisa ukuthula nokuzinza. Balawula iipesenti ezingama-90 zelizwe ngo-2001. Baye babeka umthetho ocacileyo we-sharia, njengokufuna ukuba abafazi bembethe i- burqas . IBhunga lezoKhuseleko lweZizwe eziManyeneyo likhuphe izigqibo ezikhuthaza abantu baseTaliban ukuba baphelise unyango oluxinzeleleyo lwabasetyhini. (Umthombo: "I-Taliban e-Afghanistan," iBhunga leeNxulumano zangaphandle, ngoJulayi 4, 2014.)
I-Al-Qaida yabelana ngombono onjalo wamaSunni. I-Sunn ikholelwa ukuba amaShiyan afuna ukuvuselela ubukhosi basePersi ngaphaya kweMpuma Mpuma. Ukwahlukana kweSunni-Shiite kukuqhubisana kwendawo. Kwakhona kulwa nezoqoqosho. I-Sunni Saudi Arabia neShiite i-Iran zombini ifuna ukulawula i-Straits of Hormu, apho iipesenti ezingama-20 zeoli iphela.
Inkxaso yeTaliban ye-al-Qaida yafika ngeendleko. Kwabangela ukuba iBhunga lezoKhuseleko lwe-UN likhuphe izigwebo ezilwa ne-Afghanistan. Ezi zigwebo, kunye neMfazwe yase-Afghanistan, zakhokelela ekuhlaleni kweTaliban kumandla.