Ndingayenza njani Imali Ngokuthenga I-Stock?

Inkcazo emfutshane malunga nendlela yokuqalisa ukwenza imali kwiisitokisi

Ukuba uphulaphule imidiya yezemali okanye utyalo-mali, unokufumana ingcamango ephosakeleyo yokwenza imali ekuthengeni amasheya yinto "yokukhetha" izitokisi ezilungileyo, ukuthengisa ngokukhawuleza, ukuxhomekeka kwikhompyutheni yekhompyutheni okanye kumabonakude, kwaye uchithe iintsuku ezigqithiseleyo malunga neDow Jones Industrial Average okanye i-S & P 500 yakutshanje. Akukho nto ingaba yinyani kwi nyaniso.

Enyanisweni, imfihlelo yokwenza imali ekuthengeni amasheya kunye nokutyalomali kwiimbopheleleko yaboniswa nguyise osekupheleni kwexabiso lokutyalomali uBenjamin Graham xa ebhala, "Imali yangempela ekutyala imali iya kufuneka yenziwe - njengoko ininzi ibe elidlulileyo - kungekhona ekuthengeni nasekuthengiseni, kodwa ngaphandle kokubamba kunye nokugcina iziqinisekiso, ukufumana inzala kunye negalelo , kwaye uzuza ngokunyuka kwexesha elide kwixabiso. " Ukuze ube ngakumbi, njengomtyalo-mali kwii-stocks ezifanayo kufuneka ujolise ekubuyeleni ngokupheleleyo kwaye wenze isigqibo sokutyalomali kwixesha elide , oku kuthetha ukuba ubuncinane ubuncinane, kulindeleke ukuba ubambe isikhundla ngasinye esitsha kwiminyaka emihlanu, ukuba iinkampani ezikhethiweyo ezichanekileyo ezineemali eziqinileyo kunye nembali yeendlela zokuphatha abanomdla.

Yile ndlela yongeniso lokwenene lwakhiwe kwiimarike zentengiso ngaphandle, abatyala-mali abatyali. Yiyo ndlela:

• Ama-Janitors athola umvuzo omncinane, njengoRonald Read, ahla ngaphezu kwama-8,000,000 kwi-portfolio yabo;
• Indoda egama linguLangel David Zagor, ehlala kwindlu encinane eNew York City, idibanise i-$ 18,000,000;
• Igosa likaJack MacDonald liqokele imali eyi-188,000,000;
• Ummeli we-IRS u- Anne Scheiber wakhela i-portfolio ye-22,000,000;
• Unobhala osemhlala phantsi uGrace Groner wakha i-dollar 7,000,000 ye-stock portfolio;
• Umfama wobisi kufuphi neKansas City waqokelela izigidi ezigidi kwizigidi zeedola, eziza kubakho abantwana bakhe abangazi.

Ngaphumelela, abatyalo-mali abatyebileyo abanjengo-Warren Buffett noCharlie Munger benza ininzi yemali kwi-stocks kunye namashishini abanjwe ngama-25+, nangama-50 +, iminyaka.

Sekunjalo, abatshali-mali abatsha abaqondi kakuhle i-mechanics emva kokwenza imali kwi-stocks; apho ubutyebi buvela khona okanye indlela yonke inkqubo isebenza ngayo.

Sinikeza izibonelelo kwezinye izihloko eziphambili kakhulu - uhlalutyo lwengxelo yezimali, ukulinganiswa kwemali, izicwangciso zerhafu zentengo , ukubiza nje ezimbalwa, kodwa le nto ibalulekileyo ukucoca ukuze ubambe inkomishi yokutshisa, ukhululeke ekufundeni kwakho okuthandayo sihlalo, kwaye masikuhambise ngenguqu elula yendlela umfanekiso wonke uhambelana ngayo.

Ukwenza imali kwi-stocks kuqala ngokuthenga ubunikazi kumashishini asebenzayo

Xa uthenge isabelo sesitokisi , uthengela iqela lenkampani. Khawucinge ukuba i-Harrison Fudge Inkampani, ishishini eliqingqiweyo, lithengisa i-$ 10,000,000 kunye nemali engenayo eyi-$ 1,000,000. Ukunyusa imali yokwandisa, abaxhasi beenkampani beza kwibhanki yotyalo - mali bebenokuthi bathengise isithuthi kuluntu kwi- Offer Public Offering, okanye IPO . Basenokuthi, "Kulungile, asiyikucinga ukuba izinga lakho lokukhula likhulu kangangokuba siya kuhlawulela oku ukuze abatyali-mali bazayo bafumane i-9% ekutsalweni kwabo kunye naluphi na ukukhula okuvelisa ... okusebenza malunga ne-$ 11,000,000 + lonke idilesi (i-$ 11 yezigidi ezahlula i-$ 1 yezigidi ngeniso engenayo = i-9% yokubuyisela ekutyala imali yokuqala.) "Ngoku, siya kuthatha ukuba abaqashi basithengiswe ngokupheleleyo kunokuba bakhuphe i-stock kwintlalo

Abangaphantsi babenokuba bathi, "Uyazi, sifuna isitokhwe ukuba sithengise i-$ 25 ngesabelo kuba kubonakala ngathi sinokuhlawuleka kangangokuba siya kunqumla inkampani ibe ngamaqhekeza angama-440,000, okanye izabelo zesitokisi (ii-440,000 izabelo x $ 25 = $ 11,000,000.) uthetha ukuba "isahlulo" ngasinye okanye isabelo sesitokethi sinelungelo lokufumana i-$ 2.72 yenzuzo ($ 1,000,000 inzuzo ÷ 440,000 izabelo ezilinganayo = $ 2.72 isabelo ngasinye.) Lesi sibalo saziwa njenge- Basic EPS (esifutshane sokufumana inzuzo ngesabelo ngasinye.) Ngamanye amagama, xa uthenge isabelo seKhampani yaseHarrison Fudge, uthengela ilungelo lakho inzuzo.

Ngaba unokufumana iikota eziyi-100 ze $ 2,500, uza kuthenga i-$ 272 ngenzuzo yonyaka kunye naluphi ukwanda kwexesha elizayo (okanye ilahleko) inkampani eyenziwe. Ukuba ucinga ukuba ulawulo olutsha lunokubangela ukuba i-fudge yokuthengisa ibhujiswe ukuze i-profit-pro-profits ibe yi-5x ephakamileyo kwiminyaka embalwa, oko kuya kuba yintalo-mali enomdla kakhulu.

Ingakanani imali oyenzayo kwiisitokhi kuya kuxhomekeka kwindlela ulawulo kunye nebhodi yabalawuli ababela ngayo imali yakho

Yiyiphi into edidayo imeko ukuba awuyi kubona loo $ 2.72 kwinzuzo eyakho. Kunoko, ulawulo kunye neBhodi yabaLawuli banokukhetha okukhethwa kukho, okuza kubonelela impumelelo yokubamba kwakho kwizinga eliphezulu:

1. Ingakuthumela isabelo semali ngenxalenye ethile okanye yonke inzuzo yakho. Le yindlela enye "yokubuyisela inkunzi kubanini-mali." Ungasebenzisa le mali ukuze uthenge amasheya angaphezulu okanye uhambe ukuyichitha nayiphi na indlela oyibonayo.

1. Inokuhlawulela izabelo kwiimarike ezivulekileyo kwaye ziwachithe.
2. Ingakwazi ukubuyisela imali kwixesha elizayo ngokukwakhiwa kweefektri ezininzi, izitolo, ukuqesha abasebenzi abaninzi, ukunyusa ukukhangisa, okanye nayiphi na inani leendleko zongeziweyo ezilindeleke ukuba zandise inzuzo. Ngamanye amaxesha, oku kungabandakanya ukufuna ukufunyanwa kunye nokudibanisa.
3. Ingayomeleza i- balance sheet ngokunciphisa ityala okanye ukwakha impahla yexabiso .

Yintoni efanelekileyo kuwe njengomnini? Oku kuxhomekeke ngokupheleleyo kwizinga lokulawulwa kwembuyekezo kunokufumana ngokubuyisela imali yakho. Ukuba unomsebenzi obalulekileyo - cinga iMicrosoft okanye i-Wal-Mart kwiintsuku zokuqala xa bebini inxalenye encinane yobukhulu bayo obukhoyo - ukuhlawula nayiphi na isahlulelo semali mhlawumbi kube yimpazamo kuba loo mali ingabuyiselwa kwizinga eliphezulu . Kwakukho amaxesha ekudlulileyo kwiminyaka elishumi emva kokuba uWal-Mart ephakamileyo ukuba uzuze ngaphezu kwama-60% kwi-equity equity equity. Oku kukholwayo. Ezi ntlobo zentlawulo zikho kuphela kwiingxelo zenkcazo kodwa, phantsi kolawulo lukaSam Walton, umthengisi waseBentonville wakwazi ukuwukhupha kwaye wenza amaninzi amanxulumano, abaqhubi beloli kunye nabangenayo abanini-zimpahla ezizityebi kwinkqubo.

I-Berkshire Hathaway ihlawula ngaphandle kwezabelo zemali ngelixa i-US Bancorp isisombululo sokubuyisela ngaphezulu kwe-80% yenkunzi kubanini-zimali ngendlela yemali-mali kunye ne-stock buy backs year. Nangona kukho ukungafani, bobabini banako ukuba nempahla ekhangayo kakhulu kwixabiso elifanelekileyo (kwaye ngokukodwa ukuba ubeka ingqalelo kwi- placement placement ) xa uthengisa ngexabiso elifanelekileyo; umzekelo, isilinganiselo esifanelekileyo sokwahlukana kwe-PEG . Ngokomntu, mna ndabini zombini le nkampani njengexesha eli papashwe ngalo nqaku kwaye ndiza kuthukuthela xa i-USB iqalile ukulandela imirhumo efana nokwabiwa kwemali njengeBerkshire ngenxa yokuba akanalo namathuba afanayo okufumaneka kuyo ngenxa ukuthintela endaweni yeenkampani zebhanki.

Ekugqibeleni, nayiphi na imali oyenzayo kwiimpahla zakho zihla ukuya kwiindawo ezimbalwa zokubuya, kubandakanywa ukuzuza kweentengo kunye neentlawulo

Ngoku ukuba ubona oku, kulula ukuqonda ukuba ubutyebi bakho bukwakhiwe ngokukodwa ukusuka:

1. Ukwanda kwexabiso lesabelo. Ngaphezulu kwexesha elide, oku kungumphumo weemarike ezixabisa inzuzo eyongeziweyo ngenxa yokunyusa kwishishini okanye ukwabelana ngokuthengwa , okwenza isabelo ngasinye sibonise ubunini bobunini kwishishini. Ngamanye amagama, ukuba ishishini elinamaxabiso angama-$ 10 likhula ngama-20% kwiminyaka eyi-10 ngokudibanisa ukwandiswa kunye nokwabelana ngokuthengwa, kufuneka kube malunga ne-620 yeesabelo kwisabelo kwishumi elishumi ngenxa yesibalo esithatha i-Wall Street igcina ixabiso elifanayo isilinganiso somvuzo .
2. Izahlulelo. Xa imali ehlawulwayo ihlawulwa kuwe ngefom yezabelo, ufumene imali ngokutshekisha kwi-imeyile, idiphozithi ngqo kwi- akhawunti yakho yomrhwebi , ukujonga i-akhawunti, okanye i-akhawunti yokulondoloza, okanye ngefom yezabelo ezongezelelweyo ezithengiswa egameni lakho . Ngenye indlela, unokunikela, uchithe, okanye udibanise la maxabiso ngokukodwa.

Ngamanye amaxesha, ngexesha lokuqhuma kweemarike, unokufumana ithuba lokufumana inzuzo ngokuthengisa omnye umntu ngaphezu kweenkampani. Kwixesha elide, ke, ukubuyiswa komrhweli kubophelelwe ngokungenammiselo kwiingeniso ezisisiseko eziveliswe yimisebenzi yamashishini anayo.

I-Balance ayinikezeli irhafu, utyalo-mali, iinkonzo zemali kunye neengcebiso. Ulwazi lwenziwa ngaphandle kokuqwalasela iinjongo zotyalo-mali, ukunyamezela, okanye imeko zezimali kwanoma yimuphi umtyalo-mali othile kwaye angenakufaneleka kubo bonke abatyalo-mali. Ukusebenza kwangaphambili akubonakali kweziphumo ezizayo. Utyalo-mali luquka ubungozi kubandakanya ukulahlekelwa kwinqununu.