Ngenxa yoko, ndifuna ukubeka eceleni ixesha lokukuzisa kwezinye zeendlela eziqhelekileyo zokutshala imali onokuhlangabezana nazo, ukunika inkcazo emfutshane nganye kunye nekhonkco kwamanye amanqaku am, apho unokufunda khona malunga sihloko.
Ithemba lam kukuba uya kuhamba ngokuqonda okukhulu kwesi sigama ukwenzela ukuba uzive ukhululekile uphando ngezolimo.
Iintlobo zoTyalo-mali
- I-Stock Common : Inxalenye yesitokisi esifanayo ibonisa ubunini kwiinkampani ezisemthethweni. Kwiinkampani ezininzi, kukho enye iklasi yesitokethi emele inkampani yonke. Ngokwenene, xa unesabelo sesitokisi esifanelekileyo, unayo iqela lenkampani. Nangona kunjalo, ezinye iinkampani zinamaqela amaninzi esitokisini, kubandakanywa neeklasi ezimbini ze-stock . Ngokuqhelekileyo, enye iklasi yesitokhi iya kuba nelungelo lokuvota ngaphezu kwelinye iklasi yesitokisi. Abanikazi besitokisi esifanayo banelungelo lokufumana isabelo sabo esahlukileyo semali yeenkampani, ukuba kukho na, ezinye zazo zingahanjiswa njengezabelo zemali . Eyona nto ibhetele kwiimpahla eziqhelekileyo zibizwa ngokuba yi- blue-chip stocks .
- Impahla ekhethiweyo : Impahla ekhethiweyo yinkalo yobunini benkampani evumela ukuba abanini-zimali bafumane isabelo esikhulu, kwaye esi sahlulo sihlala siqinisekisiwe. Abanikazi beempahla ezikhethiweyo abanalo ilungelo lokuvota, kodwa banokufumana imeko ekhethekileyo ukuba inkampani ingena ekungcoleni. Ngokomzekelo, ukuba inkampani ihlawulela kwaye kufuneka ihlawule ababolekisi, abanikazi bamashishini abathandayo kufuneka bahlawulwe phambi kwabanikazi abanamasheya abaqhelekileyo. Kwezinye iimeko, iinkampani zinokuhlawulela izabelo zeempahla ezikhethiweyo kubanini-zimpahla, ngokuqhelekileyo kwi-premium. Kwakhona kunokwenzeka ukuguqula isabelo sekhefu ekhethiweyo kwisitoktho esifanayo, kodwa kungekudala. Kukho iintlobo ezahlukileyo zeempahla ezikhethiweyo ezifana nesitokethi esithandayo .
- Izibondlo : Ngendlela elula, ibhondi ifana nemboleko. Xa uthenge isibophelelo, uvame ukuvuma ukuboleka imali kurhulumente okanye kwinkampani. Ngokuqhelekileyo, umkhupheli wombophelo uthembisa ukuhlawula yonke imali yesikolo-mboleko esiphezulu ngosuku oluzayo, olubizwa ngokuba ngumhla wokuvuthwa, kwaye uhlawule umvuzo wenzala okwangoku kusekelwe kwisiqingatha .
Kukho ezininzi iintlobo zeebhonksi kubandakanywa nezikarhulumente, ezifana neeNondyebo, kunye nezibophelelo zamasipala . Ezi zibophelelo zisoloko zisetyenziselwa ukuxhasa imisebenzi karhulumente kunye neeprojekthi ezinkulu. Kukho iibhondi zenkampani , ezincedisa iinkampani ukuba zixhase imisebenzi yazo kwaye zitshale ngokwazo. Kukho izibophelelo zokonga ezifana ne- Series EE yokugcina imali kunye neChungechunge I-bond yokonga . Kukho iibhondi zamabakala-mali-mali , i- AAA iphakamileyo iinqununu , kwaye, ngokubhekiselele ekupheleni kweembambano, izibophelelo ze-junk . Ukuba awufuni ukuthenga izibophelelo ngabanye, ungafaka imali kwiimali ezibophelelweyo .
- Izakhiwo eziMhlaba : I-Real Estate iyimpahla ebonakalayo, njengomhlaba okanye izakhiwo, ukuba umnini angasebenzisa okanye avumele abanye ukuba basebenzise ngokutshintshela intlawulo eyaziwa njengerenti. Xa unayo indlu, unempahla yokuhlala. Xa unesiqephu somhlaba, unempahla yokuhlala.
Iintlobo zeZakhiwo zoTyalo-mali
- I-Mutual Funds : I-fund yokubambisana i-portfolio ehlanganisiweyo. Abatyalomali bathenga izabelo okanye iiyunithi kwi-trust kwaye imali ityalwe ngumphathi weepotifoliyo. Le ngxowa-mali ngokwayo iphethe isitokethi ngasinye, kwimeko yeemali-mali , okanye iibhondi, kwimeko yeebhanki zemali. Iimali zengxowa-mali zindlela enkulu yokufumana amaqela ezinobisi okanye amabhondi, ukukhulula umtyalo-mali kwisidingo sokuphanda kwaye athenge amasheya nganye kwinkampani nganye.
Ngokomzekelo, ukuba ufuna iphothifoliyo yakho ukuba ifake imali engakumbi kwiinkampani ezincinci, unokuthenga amasheya e-sub-cap joint fund. Ukuba unomdla ekuqondeni i-mechanics yendlela uqokelelwano lwe-fund kunye ngayo, funda indlela i-Mutual Fund eyenziwe ngayo . Iimali zengxowa-mali azithengisanga yonke imini ukuphepha ukuvumela abantu ukuba basebenzise intshintsho engundoqo kwixabiso lempahla yexabiso . Kunoko, thengisa kwaye uthengise iilaydi ziqokelelwa yonke imihla kwaye emva kokuba iimarike zivaliwe, zenziwa ngokusekelwe kwixabiso lokugqibela elibalwe ngalolo suku loshishino.
- Ukutshintshwa kweeNgxowa-mali eziThengisiweyo : Eyaziwayo njenge-ETFs, iimali ezithengiselwano-mali zifana kakhulu neengxowa-mali zodwa, ngaphandle kokuba zithengisa yonke imihla kwimpahla yokutshintsha kwezithuthi njengokuba zikhokhwe. Oku kuthetha ukuba unako ukuhlawula ngaphezulu okanye ngaphantsi kwexabiso lentlawulo ephantsi kwenkxaso-mali. Kwezinye iimeko, i-ETF ingaba neenzuzo ezithile zerhafu kodwa ininzi yeenzuzo zabo ezifaniswa neengxowa-mali zamasiko eziqhelekileyo ziyinkolelo yokuthengiswa ngokwezinto ezisetyenziswayo. Ukuba ufuna ukuyisebenzisa kwipotfolio yakho, funda. Ukuba ukhetha ukwenziwa kweemali eziphathekayo ngokwesiko kwipotfoliyo yakho, kulungile.
- Iimali zeeNgxowa-mali : Inkcazo yeengxowa-mali i-fund fund, ngamanye amaxesha ithengisa njenge-ETF, evumela umntu ukuba "atyalole" kwisalathisi, njenge-S & P 500. Iimali zengxelo zenzelwe ukunika iindleko zotyalo-mali ezihambelana nekholethi . Ngoko ke, ukuba utyalomali kwi-S & P 500 yengxowa-mali, ukubuyiswa kwakho kufuneka kufakelwe i-S & P 500. Kukho imali eninzi eyenzelwe ukulandelela yonke imirhumo yezinto ezibandakanya yonke into esuka kwii-stock-stocks ezincinci, iimarike ezikhulayo, kunye namashishini athile. . Iimali ze-Index ziwumzekelo "wokutsalwa kwezimali".
Oku kuthetha ukuba akukho baphathi bezimali abazame ukuzama "ukubetha" imarike. Ezi mali zenzelwe ukuba zibuke imbuyekezo ye-index kwaye akukho nto. Ngenxa yoko, le mali ihlala neentengo eziphantsi kakhulu zeendleko, ezenza iimali-mali ezichanekileyo kakhulu. I-simplicity and low cost of cash index yenza ukuba batyalole kakuhle kakhulu abantu abangafuni ukusebenzisa ixesha elide kuphando kunye nokulawula iphothifoliyo yabo. Enyanisweni, abacebisi abaninzi bezezimali bacebisa imali yenkcazo njengengxenye ebalulekileyo yepotfolio.
- I-Hedge Funds : I-hedge fund ngumhlobo wobambiswano-mali. Ngokuqhelekileyo, kubhalwe ngokusemthethweni njengobambiswano obunqamlekileyo okanye inkampani ebinganyaniseki , kwaye amaqabane aya kubandakanya imali kubasomali-mali ukuba bathathe inxaxheba emininzi yolwenza utyalo-mali. Ngokuqhelekileyo, i-hedge funds inxaxheba kwimisebenzi yotyalo-mali eyingozi kakhulu kunokuba umtyalo-mali oqhelekileyo angene kuyo. Iimali zeentengo ziza kusebenzisa ixabiso (ezibolekileyo imali) ukukhulisa imbuyekezo yazo, kodwa inokubeka imali ngokubhekiselele kwimarike ukwenza imali nokuba iimarike ihla. (Kungenxa yoko babizwa ngokuba yi-"hedge".)
Kukho iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zeengxowa-mali ze-hedge fund, kodwa ziqhelekileyo kubaphathi bezimali ukuhlawula i-investors 20% yeenzuzo kunye ne-2% yeefa njengemali yolawulo ngamnye ngonyaka. Oku kunzima kuba ngabaphathi beemali ezinkulu bangenza izigidi zeedola kwimirhumo yolawulo nangona utyalo-mali luqhuba kakubi. Ngenxa yemimiselo karhulumente ejoliswe ekukhuseleni abanamava, ukutshala imali kwi-hedge funds kunokuba nzima kubabanini-mali abaqhelekileyo . - Iimali zeTrasti : I-fund ye-trust iyinto ekhethekileyo yoshishino lomthetho elivumela umntu okanye inhlangano ukuba ibambe i-asethi ekugqibeleni izinike enye. Ngokomzekelo, ootatomkhulu angabamba i-$ 100,000 kwisitokisini ukuba azuze umzukulu, ngokucacileyo ukuba umzukulu ufumana loo mali xa ejika. 18 Iingxowa zetrust zinikela ngenzuzo enkulu yokukhusela i-asethi kwaye, ngamanye amaxesha, iintlawulo zerhafu, xa zilungiswe ngokufanelekileyo. Imali yeTrust ingabamba phantse nayiphina impahla ecingelwayo ukusuka kwiimpahla, izibophelelo, kunye neendawo eziphathekayo kwiimali zombini, i-hedge funds, okanye ubugcisa. Kukho imbono yokuba imali yokuthembela isetyenziswe kuphela ngabacebileyo, kodwa ikhona nabani na ofuna ukuhamba ngokugqithiseleyo impahla.
- IIMISEBENZI : Abanye abatyali-mali bathetha ukuthenga ii-real estate ngokusebenzisa i-real estate trusts, okanye ii-REIT, ezithengisa ngathi ziyimpahla kwaye zineentlawulo zerhafu ezikhethekileyo. Kukho zonke iintlobo ezahlukeneyo ze-REIT ezijoliswe kuzo zonke iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zendawo yokuhlala. Ngokomzekelo, ukuba ufuna ukutshala imali kwiihotele zeehotele, unokuqwalasela ukutshala imali kwi-hotel REIT . I-REIT yindlela enkulu yokutyala imali kwi-estate ngaphandle kwemfuneko yokuthenga okanye ukugcina izakhiwo okanye umhlaba.
- Ubambiswano obuKhethekileyo: ii-MLP, njengokuba ziyaziwa rhoqo, zibandakanya ubudlelwane obuqingqiweyo obuthengisa ngokufanayo kwiimpahla. Ukunikezelwa kwerhafu yerhafu ekhethekileyo kunye nemithetho eyinkimbinkimbi ejikeleze kubo, abatyali-mali abangayaziyo oko benzayo ngokubanzi kufuneka baphephe ukutyalo-mali kwi-MLP, ngokukodwa kwi-akhawunti yomhlalaphantsi apho imiphumo yerhafu ingaba yinto engathandekiyo xa ingalawulwa kakuhle.
Ulawulo lwePortfolio
- Ulwabiwo lweeAfa : Ulwabiwo lweefa yindlela yokulawula ixabiso elibandakanya ukubeka iiparitha zeeklasi ezahlukeneyo ezifana nokulingana (ubunikazi, okanye iinkokhelo), inzuzo engenayo (izibophelelo), i-estate, imali, okanye iimpahla (igolide, isilivere, njl njl. ). Ngokuqhelekileyo becinga ukuba iiklasi ze-asethi zihlala ziba neendlela ezahlukeneyo kunye neendlela zokuziphatha, ukuxuba ngokufanelekileyo imeko ye-atyala-mali kunokunyusa amathuba okuphumelela ngokuhambelana neenjongo zomtyalo kunye nokunyamezela komngcipheko. Ngokomzekelo, amasheya kunye neebhondi badlala indima eyahlukileyo kwipotfoliyo ye-investor ngaphaya kwembuyekezo engayenza.
- Injongo yokutyalomali: Igunya lotyalo-mali liyilo lemihlahlandlela, imithetho, kunye nenjongo esetyenziswayo ukulawula ipolfoliyo ethile okanye i-pool of capital. Ngokomzekelo, isigunyaziso sokugcinwa kwemali yokugcina imali sisetyenziswe kwiphothifoliyo engenakubeka ingozi kwizinto ezinokuthi zithande ukunyaniseka nangona kuthetha ukuthatha inzuzo ephantsi.
- I-Akhawunti Yokwenza Impahla - I-akhawunti yokugcinwa yile akhawunti apho umgcini-sikhokelo osebenzayo egameni lomtyalo-mali ukuba abambe iphothifoliyo yomnini-mali. Umgcini-mgcini uya kubhala ukuhamba kwemali kwi-interest and dividends, ngenise imiyalelo egameni lomtyalomali ukuvotela ummeli okanye iziganeko zenkampani, ukuthatha ukunikezelwa kwee -off-off kwaye uqinisekise ukuba izabelo ziphelile kwi-akhawunti yokugcina. Iingxelo ze-Custody zihlolwe iimali zokuhlawula kodwa abanye abatyali-mali abaqapheli ukuba bayazihlawula ngenxa yokuba abathengisi banikezela ngeenkonzo zokugcinwa kweenkonzo ngokukhululeka okanye kumancinci amaxesha amaninzi ukuba umtyalo-mali unobuncinane bokuba i-akhawunti okanye ubeka inani elithile lemisebenzi ye-stock year, ngokubhekiselele iinkonzo zabo zokulondoloza njenge- akhawunti ye-brokerage .
- I-Asset Management Inkampani - Inkampani yokulawula i-asethi ibhishini elithatha imali enkulu egameni labathengi, abanini-nxaxheba, okanye amaqabane. I-business management management business yaseVanguard yithenga nokuthengisa izinto eziphantsi kweemali kunye kunye ne-ETFs. Ibhizinisi lolawulo lwee-asethi kwi-divide ye-JP Morgan yecandelo loxhasi lwabaxhasi lizakhela iiphothifoliyo kubantu ngabanye nakumaziko. Ndiyintloko yoMlawuli weKennon-Green & Co., eya kuvula iingcango zayo ngasekupheleni kuka-2016 njengenkampani yokulawula i-asethi. buncwane ukuba basebenze kunye nekhaya lentsapho yam.
- Umcebisi wezeNtengo oBhalisiweyo - I-RIA yinkampani ehambelana nayo, ngokuhlawulela, kwisenzo sokunika iingcebiso, ukwenza iingcomo, ukukhupha iingxelo okanye ukunikezela ngokuhlalutya kwiimfihlo, ngokuthe ngqo okanye ngokupapashwa. I-RIA ingabandakanya iinkampani zokulawula i-asethi, iinkampani zengcebiso zokutshala imali, iinkampani zezocwangciso zezemali, kunye neminye imimiselo yoshishino lotyalo-mali. Into ekhethekileyo malunga ne-RIA kukuba ibophelelwe ngumsebenzi wokugcina imali yokubeka iimfuno zomxhasi ngaphezu kweyabo ngokwasemgangathweni ophantsi ofanelekileyo osebenza kwiakhawunti yokurhweba. Imirhumo yomcebisi-mali yokubhalisa kufuneka ibe "ingqiqo" kwaye ihluke kwiqumrhu ukuze iqine.
- Umsebenzi we-Fiduciary - Kwimithetho yomthetho wase-Amerika, umsebenzi we-tridyryyard ngowona mntu unelungelo elimfanelo elihlawulwa komnye umntu. Kudinga ukuba i-fiduciary ifake umdla walo mgaqo (ngokuqhelekileyo umthengi) ngaphezu kwawo. Oku kubandakanya ukuveza iingxabano zomdla.
- I-UTMA - Le akhawunti ihlelwe phantsi koMthetho wokuTshintshiselwa koTshintsho oluManyeneyo kuMthetho othile. Ivumela umntu omdala ukuba athenge ipropati, ebizwa ngegama lakhe ngenjongo yokufumana umntwana omncinci de kube umntwana omncinci afinyelele kwiminyaka ethile emiselweyo kwimibhalo ye-UTMA eneminyaka engama-21 ubudala eyona nto iyona nto ivumelekileyo kwiindawo ezininzi. Umntu omdala onesihloko kwipropati uyaziwa njengomgcini-mali kwaye uhlawula umthwalo wemfanelo kumntwana.
Kukho iimeko zabazali abanikezela abantwana babo isitokisi, kuphela ukujika baze basebenzise isitokhelo ngononophelo lwempilo olufunekayo kumntwana, ozayo emva kokugqithiselwa enkundleni ukwenzela ukunyaniseka. Ukuba umntwana eba ngumntu omdala kwaye "uyanyanzelisa i-accounting", kufuneka ukwazi ukuvelisa ukuhamba kwemali, zonke iinkcazo okanye mhlawumbi ungaba kwindawo yokuloba imali engekhoyo kuphela kodwa ixabiso elincinci yintoni leyo mali kufuneka ikhulile ukuba yayishiywe yedwa kwipotfoliyo. - I-Stock Broker - I-stockbroker yikhungo okanye umntu okanye oqhuba i-oda yokuthenga okanye yokuthengisa egameni lomthengi. I-Stockbrokers ixazulule ukuhweba-ukuqinisekisa ukuba imali iya kwiqela elungileyo kwaye ukhuseleko lufika kwindawo elungileyo ngumhla othile wokugqibela - malunga neakhawunti yengxelo yomgcini. Kukho iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zokuthengiswa kwamasheya ongayifaka kwi-stock broker yakho kodwa uqaphele ngokuba phezu kwazo. I-trade-loss-loss of trade , ngendlela yomzekeliso, ayiyi kuhlala ikhusele iphothifoliyo yakho rhoqo. Ukongezelela, ngamanye amaxesha kunokwenzeka ukuthenga isitoko ngaphandle komthengisi ngeenkqubo ezifana nee- DRIP .
- Iintengiso zeSitokhwe - Kukho ubuncinci iintlobo ezilishumi elinambini zeempahla zentengiso ongayifaka kunye nomthengisi ukuthenga okanye ukuthengisa ubunikazi kwiinkampani kubandakanya i-oda zeemarike, umyalelo wokunciphisa, kunye nokuyeka iilawuli zokulahlekelwa.
- Ukuthengisa okufutshane -Kwaziwa nangokuthi ukuthengisa okufutshane, oku xa umtyalomali okanye umxhasi-mboleko eboleka izabelo zesitokisi okanye enye i-asethi engenaye, ayithengisa, iifake imali kunye nesithembiso sokutshintsha indawo ethile ngenye imini, kwaye ithemba i-asethi iyancipha kwixabiso ukuze ihlawulelwe ngexabiso eliphantsi, ukwahlukana kube yinzuzo. Ukwenziwe ngokungafanelekanga, kunokukuphazamisa. Omnye umntu ohluphekileyo wayeneminyaka engama-37,000 kwi-akhawunti yakhe yomrhweba kwaye kwimiba yeeyure yayingakhange ilahlekelwe yonke imali kodwa yafumanisa ukuba wayenetyala kwiqumrhu layo lokurhweba nge $ 106,445.56.
- I-Margin - Abathengi bavame ukuboleka abathengi ngemali ngexabiso lempahla ethile, iibhondi kunye nezinye iziqinisekiso kwi-akhawunti yabo yokugcina ukuba umthengi uyavuma ukubambisa i-akhawunti yonke ibhalane kunye nokubonelela ngesiqinisekiso sakhe. Xa uvula i-akhawunti ye-brokerage, kufuneka uchaze ukuba ufuna i- akhawunti yekheshi okanye i-akhawunti ye-margin .
Phantse bonke abatyali-mali kufuneka basebenzise ii-akhawunti zekheshi ngenxalenye ngenxa yezinto ezibonakala ngathi zinobungozi obukhulayo ukusuka kwi-arbitrage elawulayo ngendlela yokuvuselela i-rehypothecation . Ukuba uboleka emgqeni, umthengisi unako ukukhupha i- marginal call nganoma yimuphi umzuzu, ngenxa yesiphi na isizathu, ufuna ukuba uyihlawule enye okanye yonke ibhalansi yakho. Kulilungelo lokuthengisa utyalo-mali, okubangela ukuba uzuze imali enokuthi uzuze izikhundla, ngaphandle kokunika isilumkiso esiphezulu okanye ithuba lokufaka imali eyongezelelweyo okanye i-securities.
Iintlobo zeeAkhawunti zeRhafu
- I-Roth IRA - I-Roth IRA-IRA imele i-akhawunti yomhlala-phantsi ngamnye - uhlobo olukhethekileyo lwegama lokubhaliweyo lugxininisa i-akhawunti egcinayo enikezela ngeenzuzo ezintle zerhafu, ngoxa ngexesha elifanayo lithintela imali onokufaka kuyo kunye neentlobo zotyalo-mali Unokubamba ngaphakathi kwayo ngaphandle kokuba ufuna ukuhlangabezana nemiphumo embi. Imali eyenza iRoth IRA ivela kwiirhafu zerhafu, nto leyo ithetha ukuba awufumani irhafu yerhafu, kodwa, xa nje ulandela imigaqo, phantsi kweenkqubo ezikhoyo, awuyi kubakhokhela i penny kwerhafu nayiphi lweenzuzo ozivelisayo ukusuka kutyalo-mali olugcinwe ngaphakathi kwiRoth IRA, okanye xa uye waya ekuhoxiseni loo ntlawulo, ubomi bakho bonke. Ungathenga izitokisi, iibhondi, i-real estate, izitifiketi zepositi , kunye nezinye iintlobo zee-asethi ngaphakathi kweRoth IRA.
- IRA yeNdabuko - IRA yeNdabuko yinto yokuqala ye-IRA. Abatyalomali banokufaka imali kubo ukuba bafaneleke ngokusekelwe kwimingcele yomvuzo kwaye bahlawule irhafu kwiintlobo ezithile zokufumana utyalo-mali ezigcinwe ngaphakathi kwi-akhawunti kude kube yilapho beyihoxisa kwiminyaka eyi-59.5 ubudala okanye banyanzeliswe ukuba babe neminyaka engama-70.5 ubudala.
- 401 (k) - Uhlobo olukhethekileyo lomhlala-phantsi olunikezwa ngabaqeshi kubasebenzi babo, i-401 (k) ngokuqhelekileyo ivumela abatyalo-mali ukuba babeke imali yabo yokusebenza kwimali-mali kunye kunye nexabiso elizinzileyo . Njenge-IRA yeNdabuko, umtyalomali ufumana ukuncitshiswa kweerhafu ngelixa i-akhawunti ixhaswa ngemali, kukho imingcele yonyaka (nangona iphakamileyo kakhulu kunezo ze-IRA okanye iRoth IRA), abaqeshi bahlala bexhamla iminikelo (umzekelo, umdlalo we-50% lokuqala i-6%), kwaye akukho ntlawulo efunekayo de uze uqale ukurhoxisa imali (iminyaka engama-59,5 ubudala ekuqaleni komhla kodwa kufuneka ukuba ukwabiwa kuqale kwi-70.5 ubudala ubudala). Ixesha 401 (k) libhekiselele kwicandelo lentlawulo yerhafu eyayidala. Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, kuye kwaba nokunyuka kwezinto ezibizwa ngokuba yi-self-directed 401 (k) esivumela umtyalo-mali ukuba athenge amasheya kunye neembophelelo kwi-akhawunti.
- 403 (b) - Isicwangciso somhlala-phantsi esifana ne-401 (k) senziwa kuphela kwicandelo elingenasenzuzo.
- I-Rollover IRA - Xa umqeshwa emshiya umqeshi wakhe, unokukhetha ukulungelelanisa i-401 (k) ibhalansi kwaye ifakwe kwi-Rollover IRA, enye enye iziphatha ngendlela efana ne-IRA yeNdabuko.
- I-SIMPLE IRA - Uhlobo lwe-IRA kubanikazi bamashishini abancinci abangaphantsi kwe-100 abaqeshwa abafuna ukunikezela ngeentlobo zemihlomulo yomhlala phantsi kubaqeshwa babo kodwa abafuni ukujongana nobunzima obuvela kwi-401 (k).
- I-SEP-IRA-Ifutshane kwi-Akhawunti ye-Pension ye-Pension ye-Employee eyenziwe lula, i-SEP-IRA ingasetyenziselwa ngabantu abaqeshwe ngabanye kunye nabanini bamashishini abancinci phantsi kweemeko ezithile, bavumela ukuba babeke eceleni imali eninzi kunokuba babenako ukutshala imali ngenxa yemingcele ephakamileyo kakhulu yemingcele ebalwa njengepesenti yengeniso.
Imimiselo yezoTyalomali ezihambelana neenkampani
- IBhodi yabaLawuli -Bhodi yabalawuli-bhunga ikhethwa ngabanini-zimpahla ukuba baqaphele iminqweno yabo, baqeshe baze baxake i-CEO, babeke umgaqo-nkqubo wokuhlawula umrhumo olusemthethweni, kwaye baqwalasele ukuphakamisa okanye ukuvota malunga nokuhlanganiswa okucetywayo.
- Ubungakanani beShishini - Ixabiso leshishini libhekiselele kwiindleko ezipheleleyo zokufumana zonke i-stock yekampani kunye netyala.
- Imali-mali yemali-Intengo-mali yemali ibhekisela kwixabiso lazo zonke izabelo ezikhoyo kwi-stock yenkampani ukuba unokuzithenga ngexabiso lempahla.
- Ingxelo yeNgeniso - Ingxelo engenayo ibonisa inkcitho yenkampani, iindleko, irhafu kunye nenzuzo engenayo.
- Iphepha lokulinganisela - Isalathisi ibonisa i-asethi yeefa, amatyala kunye nabanini-mali .
- Ifom ye-10-K - Idokhumenti yokubhengeza ngonyaka iifemu ezithile kufuneka zifake i-SEC, iqulethe ulwazi olunzulu malunga nezoshishino kubandakanye nemali yayo, imodeli yezoqoqosho kunye nokunye okuninzi.
Ezinye Iimigomo Zotyalo-mali Unokufuna Ukwazi
- Ukutshintshwa kweSitokhwe - Ukutshintshwa kwempahla yesikhungo, inhlangano, okanye umbutho ophethe ixabiso lemarike yabathengi kunye nabathengisi bezobulungisa ukuba bahlangane ngexesha leeyure zoshishino ezithile kwaye bathengane. Eyona nto ibaluleke kakhulu yokutshintshiselana kwezitshixo kwihlabathi yiNew York Stock Exchange, okanye i-NYSE. Iinkampani ezifuna izabelo zabo ezibhalwe kwi "Big Board", njengokuba i-NYSE ngezinye iinkhathi ibizwa ngokuba yi-NYSE, kufuneka ihlangabezane neendlela ezichanekileyo. Ukuba inkampani ihluleka ukuqhubeka nokudibanisa le mfuno, emva koko ibhalwe phantsi .
- Ukulinganiswa kwexabiso-kuya-I-Awardings - Eyaziwa ngokuba ngumlinganiselo we-p / e, inokuxelela ukuba uninzi kangakanani iminyaka eya kuthatha ukuba inkampani ihlawule intlawulo yayo yentengo ngesabelo ngasinye kwisibonelelo sentela emva kwerhafu kwintlawulo yangoku ngaphandle kokukhula. Ngamanye amazwi, umlinganiselo we-p / e uxelela ukuba unjani imali oyihlawula i-$ 1 yenzuzo yenkampani. Ukuba inkampani ibika ingeniso ye-$ 2 ngesabelo ngasinye, kwaye isitokhe sithengisa i-$ 20 ngesabelo ngasinye, isilinganiso esingu-P / E siso-10 kuba uhlawula amaxesha angama-10 (i-20 yeesabelo ngasinye isahlulo se-$ 2 ngesabelo semali = 10 P / E.) Iyakunqandwa ukuba ibale into eyaziwa njenge- yield yield .
- Uhlobo lwe- PEG - Ifom ye-p / e eguqulwayo eyenza ukukhula kwietrikthi ukubonisa ukuba inkampani ekhula nge-15% ngonyaka kunye nokuhweba kwi-20x yokufumana ingabizi ngaphezu kweenkampani zorhwebo kwi-8x yokufumana kunye nokuhla kwe-10% nganye ngonyaka.
- Ulwahlulo-Ulungelelwaniso lwe-PEG - Ifomu echitshiyelweyo i-PEG isilinganiso esenza ukuba igalelo kwietriki ukuba ilandise ukuba ngamanye amaxesha, ukukhula okucothayo kubangelwa yinkampani ehlawula iincandelo eziyinxalenye yemali ezuzwayo ngokwefom yezabelo zemali, ezenza igalelo ukubuyela ngokupheleleyo .
- Ukuveliswa kweZahlulo - Isivuno samanje sesitokhwe esifanayo kwisilinganiso sahlulo samanje. Ukuba isitokhwe sithengisa i-$ 100 ngesabelo ngasinye kwaye sihlawula i-$ 5 kwizabelo zonyaka, isivuno sabelo siya kuba ngu-5%.
- Ukunyanzeliswa - Ukutshatyalaliswa kwemeko kubhekiselele kumlinganiselo apho ukhuseleko oluthengiswayo luyaguquka kwixabiso.
- Okuvelisiweyo - I-derived is assets efumana ixabiso layo ukusuka kwenye indawo.