Funda ngeSiqendu sesithathu seBond

Izilinganiso ze-AAA zihlala zize zimelele iBond Quality Bonds

Emva kokuba wakhe utyalo-mali lwakho kwaye uqale utyalo-mali kwizibophelelo , unokuva malunga nokulinganiswa kwezikratshi, ngokukodwa iintambo ze-Triple-A, okanye i-AAA zibophelelo njengoko ziyaziwayo. Le nkcazo ingabonakala idideka kodwa iyancipha ukuba iqonde "indlela ekhuselekileyo" ibhondi ngokujonga zonke iintlobo zamatrikhi, njengamandla okubhalwa kwekharityhulam , umthombo wokufumana imali eyaneleyo kunye nokuhamba kwemali ukufihla umdla kunye nenkokhelo enqununu, kunye neentlanzi ezinokuthi zithathwe kwimeko apho ubophelelo obuthathaka phambi kobudala okanye obuqinileyo .

Ukuqonda isilinganiselo seBond ye-Bond

Izibophelelo ezintathu, okanye ii-AAA, zibanjelwe ukuba zithathwa njengezona zikhuselekileyo kakhulu zi-arhente zokulinganisa i-arhente ezijongene nokugqiba ibakala labo. Ii-arhente zokulinganisa izibhengezo zibonisa ukuba zicinga ukuba ziyi-default - oko kukuthi, awufumani imali oyithembisiwe xa uthembisile-konke akunakucinganiswa ngaphandle kweemeko ezikude kakhulu.

Kunzima kakhulu ukuphumeza ukulinganiswa kwe-AAA. Njengoko kuye kwabikwa ngokubanzi kwi-press yezoshishino, ukuhlaselwa kwe-2008-2009 kwakubi kangangokuthi ekupheleni kwexesha, kwakukho izinto ezine ze-S & P 500 kuphela ezinokuziqhayisa nge-AAA. Ezi zi:

1. Ukucwangciswa kwedatha ngokuzenzekelayo, i-giant processing processing giant enceda amanye amashishini abamba umqeshwa wabo wokubamba i-paper and tax paper
2. UJohnson & Johnson, ugqirha, unyango, kunye nabathengi abanamaqela angama-265 kunye neenkcukacha eziyinkimbinkimbi

1. IMicrosoft, enye yeenkampani ezinkulu ze-software ezibizwa ngokuba yi-conservatism eyimali
2. I-ExxonMobil, i-Standard Standard ye-oyile yaseNew Jersey / i-Standard Oil ye-New York titan emele inzala eyinhloko yolawulo lukaJohn D. Rockefeller

Iibhondi ezintathu ziyingxenye yoluhlu olubanzi lweebhondi ezibizwa ngokuba ibakala lotyalo-mali.

Naliphina i-bond echazwe iBBB- okanye ngasentla ithathwa njengebakala lotyalo-mali . Oku kunemiphumo ebalulekileyo yokulawula. Ngokomzekelo, isebe lesigqeba sebhanki okanye isikhwama somhlala-phantsi kuya kuhambelana nokunyanzeliswa kwamabhondi amabakala otyalo-mali, kubandakanywa izibophelelo ze-Triple, njengenxalenye yemfanelo yokubambisa inkokhelo kubathengi.

Iibhondi ezinexabiso le-AAA ziqwalaselwa nje ngaphantsi kwezibophelelo ezilawulwa ngabarhulumente baseburhulumenteni abasebenza ngokufanelekileyo, abaphezulu banalo nje ukuba banalo igunya lokurhafisa kwaye banemikhosi emileyo enokuqinisekisa ukuba kubuyiselwa izibophelelo.

Ngenxa yobume bawo obuqinileyo, izibophelelo ezilinganisiweyo ze-AAA zinikela ngesivuno esiphantsi. Oko uzuza ngoxolo lwengqondo ulahlekelwa yimali engenayo kuba abanye abatyali-mali bazimisele ukuzithengisa intengo yebhondi, ngakumbi xa izinto zihamba ezantsi (oku kwaziwa ngokuba "yindiza eya kukhuseleko").

Umchasi weSiqendu sesibini seBond

I-AAA ilinganiswe izibophelelo phezulu kwinqanaba lebakala lokutshala imali, iibhondi ezilinganisiweyo ziphantsi. Isilinganiselo se-D sibonisa ukuba isibophelelo sele siphelile. Iibhondi ezilinganisiweyo ziyinxalenye yecandelo eyaziwayo njengezibophelelo ezingapheliyo .

Umyinge wemali-mali uya kwenza kakuhle ukunamathela ngokupheleleyo kwiibhondi zebakala lotyalo-mali. Njengoko uhla kwezinga lokubambisa i-bond, izikhundla ezingapheliyo ziphakame kakhulu.

Ukufikelela kwisivuno kuye kwindleko ezininzi zeentsapho ezininzi zobutyebi obulahlekileyo. Ngokuqhelekileyo, umyinge ophezulu unomtsalane okhutshweyo xa ubophelelo luyeka ukuthumela umdla okanye ufumana ukufumana isaziso se-bankruptcy.