Indlela uMatyala kaMargin osebenza ngayo
Xa uvula i-akhawunti ye-margin kunye ne-stockbroker yakho, umthengisi wekamva, okanye umthengisi wezinto eziphathekayo, ubaxelela ngokuqinisekileyo ukuba, ngezinye iinkalo, unokufuna ukuboleka imali kubo.
Ukwenza oku ngokufungisa imali kunye namasheya kwi-akhawunti yakho njengesiqinisekiso kwimali-mboleko yemida. Emva kokuba ubole imali ukuze uthenge iziqinisekiso, umthengisi angathengisa ezinye ii-asethi xa kufuneka ukuba anelise umboleko wakho we-margin, eyona nto inokuthi ilindeleke ukuba kwenzeke.
Ukuba i-akhawunti yakho yotyalo-mali ayinayo ixabiso elaneleyo ukwenelisa umboleko we-margin, uvumelekile ngokusemthethweni ukuza kunye ne-balance balance rest. Oko kukuthi, unokulahlekelwa ngaphezu kweemali ozifakile kwi-akhawunti yakho.
Kukho ingozi ebalulekileyo ekuthengeni amasheya kunye nezinye izibambiso kwimida, nangona ukholelwa ukuba utyalo-mali olulondolozo. Naliphi na ixesha othengisa ngayo umda wegama , uvelise ithuba lokungena kwegama lomgama. Ngokukodwa, umnxeba we-margin uvela xa ukulingana okufunekayo malunga netyala lakho kwi-akhawunti yakho liwele phantsi kwemida ethile, kwaye umthengisi ufuna ukulungiswa ngokukhawuleza, mhlawumbi ngokufakela imali eyongezelelweyo, ukugcinwa kwebhanki okanye ukudibanisa ezimbini.
Yintoni eyenza ii-Margin Call?
I-akhawunti yakho ingahle iwele phantsi kweemfuno zolawulo ezilawula i-debt margin, ngenxa yokuguqulwa kwamanani asethi okanye utshintsho ngabalawuli. I-Federal Reserve Regulations T yenza ukuba ibhanki yelizwe eliphambili ibambelele ekunyanzeliseni iimfuno ezincinane zemali-to-equity, njengendlela yokuphepha ukugqithisa ngokugqithiseleyo.
Umzekelo, imigaqo yangoku ithe ukuba xa ubhekana nezitokethi kwiNew York Stock Exchange, umboleki kufuneka abe ne-50 ekhulwini ngokulinganayo ngelixesha lokuthenga kwaye kufuneka alondoloze, ngamaxesha onke, ubuncinane ubungama-25 ekhulwini kwi-akhawunti yabo.
Ngokomzekelo, ukuba unayo i-$ 100,000 kwi-akhawunti yezobalo-mali, unako ukuboleka enye i-$ 100,000 kwi-margin, uthabathe impahla yakho yonke kwii-200,000 zama-dollar apho isiqingatha sasiyi-debt and half half equity. Unokuba ungabhekana nomnxeba wamanzi kuze kube yilapho ibhalansi ye-akhawunti yakho ehlangeneyo yenqatshelwe ngamaphesenti angama-33.33 ukuya kwii-133,333 zama-dollar, apho i-matyala (i-$ 100,000) yayiza kuba yi-75 ekhulwini ye-balance balance ($ 133,333) kunye nokulingana ($ 33,333) eyenza intsalela. Izithintelo ezongezelelweyo kwiingxowa-mboleko zikhona, ezifana nomda wee-akhawunti ezingaphantsi kobukhulu abathile (i-$ 2,000) okanye xa kuthengiswa okubizwa ngokuba yi- penny stocks .
Unokuthi ube phantsi komnxeba we-margin ukuba iqumrhu lakho lomrhwebi liguqula umgaqo we-margin walo kwi-akhawunti yakho. Akunakukuqwalasela umngcipheko omhle, ngenxa yokhuselo oluthile onalo, ukuba ucinga ukuba ukufunyanwa komngcipheko kuyimfuneko, okanye naziphi na ezinye izizathu, akukho nanye ekufuneka ibenze okanye iyenze inzuzo yakho.
Ngokomzekelo, ezininzi iifenki zokurhweba zibeka iimfuno zokulondolozwa kwemida ephezulu kakhulu kunemithetho emiselweyo yokulawula.
Abathengi abafuni ukubekwa kwinqanaba lokuboleka imali ongenakuyibuyisela imali, ukuze kube lula ukulinganisa ukulahlekelwa, ukukhuseleka kwabo kunye nabanikazi babo, abanini-nxaxheba kunye nababolekisi. Ngokwemigaqo eqhelekileyo, ityala le-margin likhona ekuqaliseni kwendlu yomthengisi kwaye banokufuna ukuhlawulwa ngaliphi na ixesha, ngaphandle kokunika isaziso.
Xa imeko ivela apho i-akhawunti yakho ayinayo inqanaba elifunekayo lokulingana-kuya-matyala elifunwa ngumthetho wekhaya lomthengisi wokugcinwa kwemali yomda okanye ezo zibekwe njengesikhokelo esincinci ngu-Federal Reserve, umthengisi ubeka umnxeba.
Yintoni eyenzekayo Xa Ufumana i-Call Margin
Umnxeba we-margin udla ukukhutshwa kule mihla ngokubeka ibhanki enkulu okanye isaziso kwiwebhusayithi xa umtyalomali okanye umloli we-speculator ukujonga ukulinganisela kwekhawunti yakhe.
Abanye abathengi banika izaziso nge-imeyili, umnxeba, okanye imiyalezo. Ukuba umthengisi akaxhalabele ngemeko yakho yezemali, inokukunika ithuba lokufaka imali emitsha okanye ukugcina imali kwi-akhawunti yakho, ukuphakamisa ixabiso lentengo kwinqanaba eliqwalaselwe liyakwamkeleka okanye ngaba izikhokelo zamatyala zangaphakathi okanye imigaqo efanelekileyo.
Ngaphandle koko, abamele umrhweba bangaqala ukuthengisa imali yokubamba imali yakho ukunyusa imali eninzi ngangokunokwenzeka. Umthengisi unomdla ngokukhusela imeko yakhe yemali kwaye akafuni ukukulandela emva kokuqokelela amatyala. Ngenxa yoko, kwaye njengoko kuchazwe kwisivumelwano sakho se-akhawunti, akukho ngaphantsi koxanduva lokukunika ixesha elongezelelweyo lokudibanisa umnxeba we-margin okanye ukubonisana nawe ngaphambi kokucima impahla kwi-akhawunti yakho ukulungiselela nayiphi na ityala lomda. Umthengisi wakho unako ukugqiba ukuthengisa i-securities yakho ehlonishwa kakhulu, ekushiye ngeentlawulo ezinkulu zeerhafu ezichasiweyo , ezibangela iindleko ezinkulu zentengo kuwe, malunga nezifiso zakho.
Umthengisi wakho angathengisa iimpahla zakho ezingabalulekanga okanye izibophelelo ngexesha elibi kakhulu, ekushiyekanga ukukhetha kulo mbandela, ukuvalela ngokusisigxina kwilahleko zakho. Akunakufuneka ukuba bakubize kwifowuni okanye banike ithuba lokuba baphendule kuqala, ngoko ungeke ufumane ithuba lokulungisa imeko nokuba ikhona imali. Xa uvula i-akhawunti yakho, usayine isivumelwano se-akhawunti esichaze ngokucacileyo ukuhlaziywa kwegama lomgama, ngoko kufuneka uphile nemiphumo.
Yintoni eyenzekayo Ukuba awukwazi ukudibanisa i-Call Margin?
Ukubaluleka komnxeba wegama, ngokukodwa ukuba kukhokelela ekuhlawuleni amatyala ongeke ukwazi ukuhlawula, akunakunikwa. Ukuba awukwazi ukuhlangabezana nomnxeba wamanzi, kwaye i-asethi sele ichithwe kwi-akhawunti yakho ukubuyisela ityala, uya kufumana ukuba ibhajethi eseleyo iya kuba ityala elingakhuseliyo elingekho phantsi. Phakathi kwezinye izinto, kunokwenzeka ukuba oku kulandelayo kwenzeke:
- Ityala liya kuxelwa kwi-arhente zeentengo zemboleko, ukwenza uboleke imali kunzima njengoko kuya kuphazamisa amanqaku akho. Ukongezelela, ubukho bayo bangabangela abanye ababolekisi ukuba banqumle ukufikelela kwimveliso yabo (umzekelo, inkampani yekhadi lekhredithi yokuvala i-akhawunti yakho) okanye ukuphakamisa umyinge wenzala ohlawulwayo njengento ekhutshwe emngciphekweni ophezulu okhoyo ngoku. Ukuba uneemali-mboleko zoshishino okanye ezinye izibophezelo ezivumela ukukhula ngokukhawuleza xa kwenzeka inguqu enkulu kwimeko yakho yezemali, unokufumana yonke imali ehlawulwayo kulawo matyala, ngokunjalo.
- Ukungagqibekanga kwendalo yonke kungabangela ukuba, kwaye kummandla apho kuvunyelwe khona, ungayifumana ixabiso le-inshurensi yakho kwikhaya lakho, emotweni okanye eminye imigaqo-nkqubo ikhula ngokubanzi njengokuba ngoku ucinga ukuba ungananto. Ukongezelela, unokufumana kunzima ukuhlawula umsebenzi omtsha njengoko ezinye ivumela ukuba iinkampani ziqwalasele iimbali zeentengo zemali njengokuba zibonisa uxanduva kunye nokukwazi.
- Umthengisi uza kuzisa isigwebo malunga nawe ofuna ukuhlawulwa ngokukhawuleza, kuquka neendleko zomthetho. Iimvavanyo ezikhoyo zixhomekeke kwimithetho ethile yombuso kodwa ingaquka ukunyanzelisa ukuba uchaze yonke imeko yakho yezemali kuquka intlawulo, i-asethi, kunye namatyala phantsi kwesifungo, kunye ne-akhawunti yebhanki kunye nezinye iimpahla ezicwangcisiweyo okanye ezithathwayo, kuquka ukubeka imali-mali kwintengiso.
Kwiimeko ezininzi, ukhetho olungcono lunokuba lukhupha imali nangona unako kwaye ulususe ityala ngeentsuku, nangona kuthetha ukuthengisa ezinye iimpahla ezifana neemoto okanye ifenitshala. Ngaphandle koko, unokukhetha ukunxibelelana ngokukhawuleza kunokwenzeka kunye nommeli we-bankruptcy. Ukuba ukufowunelwa ikhwelo elungileyo, banokululeka ukuba wenze okukhawuleza kunokuba kamva.
Ngokomzekelo, kwezinye iimeko, unokukhetha ukwamkela intlungu ye-bankruptcy kunye nokukhusela imali ngaphakathi kwe- 401 (k) , 403 (b) , i- Roth IRA , okanye esinye isicwangciso somhlala-phantsi, njengoko bahlala bengenakufikelela kubathengi. Ukuba uhlawulela la ma-akhawunti ukuze udibane nomnxeba we-margin, uza kufakwa kunye neerhafu eziqhelekileyo kunye neerhafu ezongezelelweyo zeerhafu , uze uvakalise i-bankruptcy, nangona kunjalo, ngenxa yokuba iakhawunti yakho yomhlalaphantsi ayikwanele ukuhlawula yonke ibhalansi.
Indlela yokugwema ii-Call Call
Unokuphepha ukubizelwa kwemida kwiindlela ezimbini eziphambili:
- Vula i-akhawunti "yemali kuphela" kwi-firm firm yakho. Ngaphandle kokwenza okungathandeki kangako, kuthetha ukuba awukwazi ukudala i-debt margin ngenxa yokuba izitokethi kufuneka zihlawulwe ngokugcwele, ngekheshi, ngexesha lokufumana. Ukuba ufuna ukusebenzisa umyinge ngaphakathi kwekhawunti yekheshi, unako ukudlala ngeentyalo-mali ezinjengeenketho zentlawulo ezihlawulwa ngokupheleleyo okanye ii-ETx eziphezulu ze- 3x. Ngokomzekelo, endaweni yokuphelisa isitokisi, unokuthenga izinto ongakhetha kuzo kwisitoko endaweni yoko. Beka iindlela ezinokuthi zibe neengozi ezahlukeneyo kunye nezohwebo, kodwa uninzi olungakhokelwa yi-100 ekhulwini yemali oyichitheleyo kwiindleko zokubeka.
- Kuthatha kuphela izikhundla ezinobungakanani bendalo, ilahleko kunye nokugcina loo mali, kunye neepesenti ezili-10 okanye iipesenti ezingama-20 ukukhangela inzala okanye ezinye izinto, kwi-akhawunti yasebhanki ye-insured ye-FDIC okanye kwii-bills ze-US Treasury. Ngale ndlela, kungakhathaliseki ukuba yintoni ehamba kakuhle, uyazi ukuba unokubambisa ukuhlawulwa kwimeko enzima kakhulu. Khumbula, nangona kunjalo, ukuba umthengisi angenakukunika ithuba lokuhlangabezana nomnxeba we-margin ukuba ngaba unelisekile ngokwaneleyo, kwaye unokucima izikhundla zakho phambi kokuba uthintane naye.
Ufumanisa ukuba ufumana unyango olungcono kumbhanki wabucala okanye umthengisi ogcweleyo kunokuba uza kuhlawula umrhwebi. Ukuba unomnxeba wegama kodwa kwakuyi-pesenti encinci yemali yakho, kwaye unayo imali eninzi inotyalo-mali okanye umiswe kwibhanki yabucala ebenzela iimfuno zakho zokuthengisa, ibhanki yangasese ingayifumana indlela yokuphepha ukuba ube ne-holdings yakho kuthengiswa okanye kukuphazamise ngokukunika umnxeba umnxeba.
Abathengi akudingeki bakuxelele, ngoko ke ningacingi ukuba baya kuba, kodwa kungenzeka ukuba abafuni ukulahlekelwa ngumthengi ocebileyo ohlawula imali eninzi ehlawulwayo ngenani elincinci. Awuyi kufumana ikhwelo esuka kumthengisi wezaphulelo, usebenzisa i-akhawunti yakho, ngoko-ke uqaphele ukuba usebenza ngokwakho.
I-Balance ayinikezeli irhafu, utyalo-mali, iinkonzo zemali kunye neengcebiso. Ulwazi lwenziwa ngaphandle kokuqwalasela iinjongo zotyalo-mali, ukunyamezela ngengozi okanye imeko zezimali kwanoma yimuphi umtyalo-mali othile kwaye angenakufaneleka kubo bonke abatyalo-mali. Ukusebenza kwangaphambili akubonakali kweziphumo ezizayo. Ukutshala imali kubandakanya umngcipheko kubandakanya amathuba okulahleka.