Isingeniso esisisiseko kwiiNkampani zoLawulo lweAsset kunye nendlela abaSebenza ngayo
Abantu abaninzi abanalo ukuqonda okunzulu kakhulu kwishishini lolawulo lwee-asethi okanye imboni yotyalo-mali ngokubanzi. Ngelishwa, kukho kwakhona ukuhlula okukhulu kolwazi, ukubaluleka, kunye namava phakathi kwe-well-heeled kunye nabanini-mali abaqhelekileyo, abavame ukuqonda zonke iindlela zokuncedisa imali ezifumanekayo.
Ukuqonda i-shishini kunokuncedisa ngakumbi ukuba wenze izigqibo ezinolwazi njengoko uqala uhambo lwakho lotyalo-mali, kwaye kukukunceda uqonde indima yokulawula i-asset makampani ekudlalwa ngokumalunga nabacwangcisi bemali kunye nabanye abacebisi.
Ziziphi iinkampani zoLawulo lweAsset
Iinkampani zolawulo lwe-Asset zithatha imali-mali kwaye zibeka ukusebenza kwiimali-mali ezahlukeneyo kubandakanywa izitokisi , iibhondi , i- real estate , intsebenziswano emancinci , ukulingana kwangasese kunye nokunye. Basebenzisa utyalo-mali ngokumalunga nokugunyazwa kwangaphakathi-owenziwe ngaphakathi, okanye inkqubo. Iinkampani ezininzi zokuphatha iimpahla zenza iinkonzo zabo kubantu abacebileyo, iintsapho kunye namaziko kuba kunokuba kunzima ukunikezela ngeenkonzo ezinentsingiselo kunye nezixhamla kwixabiso elithintela ngokwaneleyo iindleko zokuncedisa abatyalo-mali abatsha.
Abatyalomali abatyebileyo bathetha ngokuthi "iingxelo ezizimeleyo." Bafaka imali kwi-akhawunti, kwezinye iimeko kwi -third party party , njengekampani elawula iAkhawunti yoMhlala-phantsi (i-IRA) kubo, kwaye abaphathi beepotfoliyo bayayinyamekela i-portfolio kumxhasi ngokusebenzisa amandla aphantsi igqwetha.
Abaphathi bee-asethi basebenzisana neephothifoliyo zabathengi ngokuqwalasela iimpendulo ezininzi, kubandakanywa neemeko ezikhethiweyo zabaxumi, iingozi kunye nokukhethwa kwazo. Abaphathi beepolfoliyo bakhetha izikhundla ezenziwe ngokwezifiso zemfuno zenkxaso zabaxhasi, iimeko zerhafu, ukulindelwa kwamanzi, iimpawu zokuziphatha nokuziphatha, kunye neenkcukacha zengqondo zomntu.
Amafemu aphezulu afikelela kubathengi rhoqo, ngokuqhelekileyo anikezela ngamava okwenene. Akuqhelekanga ukuba abatyala-mali abatyebi basebenze kunye nenkampani yokulawula i-asethi ongazange uyive, kunye nobudlelwane obuhlala behlala kwiizizukulwana njengezinto ezilawulwayo zihanjiswa kwiindlalifa. Inani leefemu zokulawula ii-asethi eziqhelekileyo zaseMelika ezingakaze zivele ziyabonakala ngokukhawuleza kulabo abaphezulu kwipesenti ezili- 1 ngokuphathelele ubutyebi.
Iimali zentengo- mali zihlala zivela phi ukusuka kwizinto ezimbalwa ezijolise kwipesenti enkulu zeengeniso ezabelwana ngazo kwi-akhawunti yesivumelwano-mali, kwaye zithembele kwizinto ezithile zepotfolio. Kwiimeko ezininzi, iifemu zihlawulisa imali encinci yonyaka, efana ne-$ 5,000 okanye i-$ 10,000 ngonyaka, ukukunceda ukucoca ama-investors amancinci angayi kulungiswa ngokugqithisileyo yenkampani. Iinkampani ezimbalwa zolawulo lwee-asethi zineemali zincinci zemali zonyaka ukusuka kwii-100 000 ukuya kwii-1,000,000,000.
Ulawulo lweeAfa kuwo wonke umntu
Amafemu amaninzi olawulo lwee-asethi aphinde asebenzise izixhobo zokunyusa iminikelo yazo kwaye asebenze kangcono ukutyala abatyalomali abancinci. Zininzi zale nkampani zidala izakhiwo ezihlanganisiweyo ezifana neengxowa-mali , imali-mali , okanye i- exchange--edded finance , ekwazi ukuyilawula kwi-portfolio eyodwa.
Abatyalomali abancinci bangatyala ngokuthe ngqo okanye ngokusebenzisa umlamli njengomcebisi-mali okanye umcwangcisi wezemali. Umzekelo, i-Robo-Advisors e-intanethi njenge-Intanethi yokuPhathwa kweMpahla kunye neNgcaciso yengxowa-mali kulezi zakhiwo ezihlanganisiweyo eziqhutywa ngamashishini olawulo lwee-asethi zenkampani yesithathu, ngokuncoma imizekelo yee-asethi ezenziwe ngemali yazo.
I-Vanguard, enye yeenkampani ezinkulu zokulawula i-asethi kwihlabathi, igxininisa abatyali-mali abaphantsi-kunye nabangaphakathi-mali abanokulinganisela kwemali ye-asethi. I-akhawunti yokuthatha umhlala-phantsi yeVanguard ibingama-29,603 ayi-$ 29,603 kuphela, oku kuthetha ukuba isiqingatha sabathengi babo kunye neakhawunti yomhlala-phantsi yayingekho ngaphezu kwayo, kwaye isiqingatha esingaphantsi.
Ukususela kumbono wolawulo lwee-asethi ezi ziinkcukacha ezincinci, kwaye iVanguard yenza inkonzo ebalulekileyo ifumaneke kubaxumi abangenakukwazi ukufihla imali encinci kumaqela amaninzi okulawula i-asethi okanye kumasebe e-bank trust .
Aba bathengi abanalo iimfuno ezinzima zokutyalomali okanye ubuncwane obaneleyo ukukhathazeka ngezinto ezinjenge- placement placement okanye izicwangciso ezifana nokuxhaphaza okungafaniyo kweentlawulo kwiimbophelo zikamasipala kunye nezibophelelo zenkampani ngokubeka enye uhlobo lwe-akhawunti kunye nakwezinye indawo.
Kunoko, abatshali-mali abatsha banokuthenga kuphela i-$ 7 000 yexabiso le-Vanguard S & P 500 yengxowa-mali . Le ngxowa-mali ilandela imithetho ebekwa yikomiti ye-S & P 500 , ukuqokelela izabelo zamasitokethi ngamnye njenge-Apple, iMicrosoft, iGeneral Electric, kunye ne-Chevron yesikolo ukuze ibambe ngqo. Akukho nto iguqukayo, kodwa ivumela aba bathengi ukuba batyalwe kwisalathisi ngaphandle kwemali enkulu.
Ezinye iifemu zidibanisa iminikelo yeenkonzo kubaxumi abacebileyo kunye nabatyalo-mali abaneefolthifoli ezingaphezulu. Ngokomzekelo, uJP Morgan unecandelo loxhamli lwabaxhamli ngabathengi balo abaxhamli bexabiso eliphezulu, ngelixa bexhaswa ngemali kunye kunye nezinye iimali-mali ezihlawulelwayo abavame ukutyalomali ngokusebenzisa isicwangciso sabo somhlala-phantsi okanye isicwangciso somhlala-phantsi emsebenzini.
Enye inkampani, i-Northern Trust, inomsebenzi omkhulu wolawulo lwee-asethi kodwa iphinda ibe ne-bhanki, inkampani yokuthenjwa, kunye nolawulo lobutyebi. Kunzima ukuxelela iinqanaba ngokwahlukileyo ukuba awuqhelani nokusekwa kweenkampani; oku kukuklanywa ukwenzela ukuba inkampani ibonakale inikezela abathengi isisombululo esibanzi, sonke ngesinye.
Indlela i-Asset Management Companies Ikhambelana ngayo nabacebisi ngezeMali
Igunya loLawulo lweShishini lezeMali (i-FINRA) livumela abalandelayo abaqeqeshi-mali ukuba bazibize bona ngabacebisi ngezezimali, nangona benza izinto ezahlukeneyo kwaye badlala indima eyahlukileyo kumxhasi:
AbaPhathi
A magcisa
A magqwetha
AbaCwangcisi bezeMali
Agentshi
Abacebisi ngezoTyalo
Ukongezelela, udidi lokugqibela, abacebisi bezobalo-mali, lubhekisela kumafemu ngokusemthethweni ababizwa ngokuthi " Abacebisi bezeNtengo abhalisiweyo ." I-RIA ezininzi, njengoko ziyaziwayo, zinika iingcebiso kubaxhasi babo kodwa zisebenzise ukulawulwa kwee-asethi kwiqela lenkampani yokulawula i-asethi, mhlawumbi nge-akhawunti yangasese yabathengisini okanye ngokuthenga abathengi ngeemali ezixhaswe ngemali, kunye ne-ETFs, okanye inkcazo zemali.
Ukongezelela, amafemu amaninzi okulawula i-asethi asebenza njenge-RIAs. Ngenxa yoko, basebenza njengabaphathi beefa kunye "nabacebisi-mali," okanye abacebisi bezezimali, njengoko i-FINRA ivumela ukuba babizwe, kodwa abayilo lonke uhlobo olufanayo lomsebenzi.
Ngamanye amazwi, ngendlela efanayo ukuba zonke iintliziyo zonyango ziogqirha kodwa akubona bonke oogqirha abanogqirha beentliziyo, abaphathi abaninzi bee-asethi ngabacebisi-mali-mali kodwa bonke abacebisi bentengiso abaphathi bee-asethi.
Amafemu amaninzi amakhulu okuphatha i-asethi agqiba ukuqesha abacebisi babo bezezimali, abangalawulwayo ngokuthe ngqo kwiimpahla. Abacebisi bathabatha abaxhasi kwaye bawaxhomekeke kwimveliso kunye neenkonzo zecandelo lolawulo, mhlawumbi besebenzisa imodeli yokwabiwa kwempahla kwiipakethe zeekhompyutha okanye isiqulatho senkxaso-mali yangaphakathi.
Ukusebenzisa iVanguard kwakhona, ngowokuqala kunye nenkampani yokulawula i-asethi. Nangona kunjalo, kutshanje inkampani ishukunywe kwisicwangciso sezimali kubatyalomali ngexabiso elincinane lemali (ubuncinci ngoku i-$ 50,000 ngoku). Umxhasi uhlawula abacebisi beVanguard umrhumo we-0.30 ekhulwini ngenkonzo.
Aba bacebisi batyala imali yomthengi kwintsapho yeVanguard yeemali ezidibeneyo, apho ukwahlula ulawulo lwe-asethi kuhlawulisa iimali zokulawula iimpahla. I-Vanguard iphinda iphakamise imali eninzi kwi-business management management yabo ngokufumana abacebisi abazimeleyo bokutyalomali ukuba bathengise imali kubaxhasi babo kwiiVanguard ngemali ye-third party party and retirement accounts. Ukongezelela, iVanguard ineSebe elithembayo elenza iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zetrasti kubaxhasi.
Ziziphi iintlobo zeeNkampani zokuPhathwa kweeMpahla ezivela kwenye
Inkampani nganye yolawulo lwee-asethi inommandla wayo. Abanye bavelisa i-generalists, ngokuqhelekileyo iinkampani ezinkulu ezidibanisa iinkonzo zemali okanye iimveliso abacinga ukuba abatyalo-mali baya kuzikhangela kwi-marketplace. Amanye amafemu aneengqwalasela ezincinci, ukugxila kwelinye okanye kwiindawo ezincinci ezifana nokusebenzisana nabanye abatyali-mali abahlala ixesha elide abakholelwa kwixabiso lokutyalomali okanye indlela yokutyalomali .
Ezinye iifenisi zifumana kuphela abathengi abazizityebi ngee-akhawunti ezizimeleyo, ezibizwa ngokuba yi- akhawunti ezilawulwa ngabanye , okanye i- hedge funds . Abanye bajolise kuphela ekuqaliseni ukuxhaswa kweemali, kunye nabanye bakhe ukwakha ukuziphatha kwabo ekulawuleni imali kumaziko okanye kwizicwangciso zomhlalaphantsi, njengezicwangciso zempesheni zenkampani. Ekugqibeleni, ezinye iinkampani zokulawula i-asethi zibonelela ngeenkonzo zazo kwiifemu ezithile, ezifana nokulawula ipahla zepropati kunye nenkampani yomshuwalense yecala.
Iintlobo zeeMali ezahlukeneyo
Ukuqwalasela indlela iinkampani ezahlukeneyo zokuphathwa kweefa kunye namadoda nabasetyhini abahambisa iimveliso kunye neenkonzo egameni layo, bafumane umvuzo. Imimiselo yezohlukeneyo zoshishino zikhoyo kwihlabathi lolawulo lweefa kwaye akuzona zonke ezizuzisayo kumxhasi. Ngokomzekelo, ingxowa-mali iya kuba ne-5.75 yemithwalo yokuthengiswa kwepesenti, ephuma ngaphandle kwipokethi yomtyalomali, kwaye ihlawula abathengisi beemali zentengiso okanye umcebisi wezezimali ngokubeka umxhasi kuloo mali.
Okwangoku, ishishini lokulawula i-asethi ngokwalo lifumana umrhumo walo wolawulo lwangonyaka, olususwa kwisakhiwo esihlanganisiweyo. Kwiimeko zeefemu ezidibeneyo apho ukuphathwa kweempahla kungomnye wamashishini phantsi kwe-sambuli ye-conglomerate, iindleko zokulawula i-asethi zingaphantsi kunokuba ungalindela ngaphandle kodwa inkampani yenza imali ngezinye iindlela, njengokuhlawula iimali zokuthengisa kunye neekomishoni.
Kweminye imirhumo yemali, iifemu zingahlawulanga iimali zokuthengiselana zangaphambili okanye iikomishini kodwa, endaweni yoko, zithatha imali ephezulu kwezinye iimveliso okanye iinkonzo, ezahlula phakathi komcebisi kunye nenkampani yokulawula i-asethi yayo.
Ekugqibeleni, amaqela okulawula i-asethi ayingxowankulu yiinkampani ezenza imali kuphela kwiimirhumo zolawulo ezihlawuliswe kumxhasi, kunokuba iikhomishini okanye iintlawulo ezinxulumene nemveliso ethile. Abanini-zimali abaninzi baziva ukuba le nto ibeka ingqiqo ngakumbi ekukhetheni iimveliso zentengiso kunye nezicwangciso ngokukhawuleza kwintlawulo yabathengi, kunokuba ixabiso lemali okanye iikomishini ezifumene inkampani.
I-Akhawunti yoLawulo lweAsset ehambelana ne-Asset Management Company
Ukuba usebenza namanye amaziko emali, kuquka iibhanki ezithile zabucala, unokuva ngeakhawunti yokuphatha i-asethi . Yenzelwe ukuba ibe yi-akhawunti nganye-inye, ukudibanisa ukutshekisha, ukugcina, kunye nomrhwebi. Ungayifaka imali yakho, ufumane inzala kuyo, ubhale ukuhlola xa kufunekayo, uthenge amasheya esitokisini, utyalomali kwiibhondi, ufumane imali kunye kunye nezinye iziqinisekiso ezivela kulo, i-akhawunti ephakathi. Kwizinto ezininzi, kodwa kungekhona zonke, iimeko, i-akhawunti ilawulwa yi-manager yepottoliyo yeziko.
Ngokuqhelekileyo, iimali zingakuqhuba phakathi kwe-1,00 epesenti kunye neepesenti ezingama-2,75, kuxhomekeke kwibhalansi yakho ye-akhawunti kodwa ungayifumana enye inzuzo kunye neakhawunti eyenza ukuba ngaphantsi komsebenzi onxulumene nomlinganiselo wokubaluleka unokubaluleka ngexesha lakho.
Ngokomzekelo, ezinye iibhanki ziza kukuvumela ukuba wenze imali ebolekisiweyo kwi-akhawunti yakho yokuphatha i-asethi kwiirhafu ezikhangayo kakhulu, xa uthe wafumana ithuba lokutshala imali ngaphandle, okwakudinga ukuthengiswa kwangoku kwangoko. Ngamanye amaxesha iifemu ziya kubamba iinkonzo ezongezelelweyo, ezifana nemigaqo-inshorensi, ngoko ugcina imali ngokuthenga iimveliso ezininzi ukusuka kwinkampani enye.
I-Balance ayinikezeli irhafu, utyalo-mali, iinkonzo zemali kunye neengcebiso. Ulwazi lwenziwa ngaphandle kokuqwalasela iinjongo zotyalo-mali, ukunyamezela ngengozi okanye imeko zezimali kwanoma yimuphi umtyalo-mali othile kwaye angenakufaneleka kubo bonke abatyalo-mali. Ukusebenza kwangaphambili akubonakali kweziphumo ezizayo. Utyalo-mali luquka ubungozi kubandakanya ukulahlekelwa kwinqununu.