Isicwangciso esilula kunazo zonke, esilungileyo sezoTyalo-mali sabaninzi abanamava-mali
Oku kuya kukuvumela, njengomtyalo-mali omtsha, ukuba uqhelane nemigangatho eyahlukeneyo, kwaye uqonde iinkolelo kunye nemigangatho eyahlula indlela eyahlukileyo ngayo intsapho.
Siza kuqala ngeyiphi na isicwangciso esinobomi esisodwa esingazi kakuhle into esenzayo: Iindleko ezincinci, ezahlukahlukeneyo, iindlela ezingenzileyo (siya kufakraza njengeLCWDPA ukusuka apha ukuze ugcine ixesha). Isicwangciso-mali esincinci, ngokubanzi kakhulu, isicwangciso-mali sokugcina imali esekelwe kwisiganeko sokuqala sokuba uluhlu olulinganayo, uluhlu lweempahla eziqhelekileyo, olugcinwe kwixabiso eliphantsi kunokwenzeka, kunye nokuthengwa kweyona nto ephantsi kakhulu ( ukusetyenziswa kweerhafu ezichasiweyo ), kuya kuthanda ukuvelisa i-market average return ngaphandle kwengcinga eninzi.
Ngokwenene, i-LCWDPA ifuna ukuba:
- Ukuthenga iqoqo elikhulu lezinto ezintle, ukuhlala ixesha elide, ukulingana kwamashishini amaninzi, amacandelo, ubuninzi beemali zentengiso , kunye namazwe
- Awuzange uthengise le mibutho ngaphantsi phantse nawuphi na umqathango, kungakhathaliseki ukuba zibuhlungu kangakanani
- Ukuthenga ngokuthe rhoqo ngokufaka imali emfutshane kwi-akhawunti yakho yomrhweba , mhlawumbi uphinda uhlawule izabelo zakho
- Ukugcina iindleko ezincinci kangangoko kunokwenzeka ukuba yonke ipensenti oyigcinayo enye ipenki ehlanganisela intsapho yakho
Ubungqina bezemfundo bubonisa ngokucacileyo ukuba alusebenzi kuphela, kodwa lusebenza kakuhle phantsi kweemeko ezininzi kuba lukhusela abatyali-mali kwiimeko zabo ezingafanelekanga, kunciphisa isidingo sokuqonda i-accounting kunye nezemali (awuyi kukwazi ukufundela ingxelo ye ngeniso okanye ibhalansi yamaphepha ), kufuna ukuba kungabi nanye ukuzibophelela kwexesha, kwaye ingcola-engabizi.
Ukuqhagamshelana phakathi kwale Nkqubo yokuTyala kunye neNkcazo zeNgxowa-mali
I-LCWDPA iye yahlala ngonaphakade, kodwa ibonakala ihamba phambili ekuthandeni kuwo onke ambalwa eminyaka, iza kwaye iya kwiifayili nje ngefashoni okanye umculo (okuyihlazo, ngokwenene, kuba isebenza kakuhle kwabo baqeqeshelwe ukuba banamathele ). Indlela elula ukuyisebenzisa ngolu cwangciso lokutyalomali kukuthenga iimali zenkcazo , ukwenza rhoqo, ukuthenga okongeziweyo ngokusebenzisa umgangatho obizwa ngokuba yi- dollar inkokhelo yokulinganisela , kwaye uvumele ixesha lokuphumla. Nangona elidlulileyo alikho isiqinisekiso sesikhathi esizayo, xa umtyalomali elandele le mishini, kwaye egcinwe iminyaka engama-25 okanye ngaphezulu, iziphumo ziye zenzeke ngokukodwa nangona kunamathuba eminyaka amaninzi emvula.
Oku kubonakala ngathi kufanelekile, kuba, ngama-akhawunti onke, ukunyuka kwexesha elikufutshane kwesi sicwangciso-mali-mali singabhalwa kuYohn Bogle, umsunguli we-joint fund yengxowa yeVanguard, owakha umsebenzi wakhe ekuncediseni abatyali-mali ukuba bagcine imali yabo ngokuvakalisa abaqashi abaphantsi LCWDPA.
UBogle waqala ukufumanisa isiseko semathematika sokuba kutheni i-LCWDPA isebenza kakuhle ngexesha leprojekthi yophando eyenziwa njengomphathi omkhulu kwiYunivesithi yasePrinceton. Ukuba uphando lukhokelela kwisifundo sakhe se-undergraduate thesis, ekugqibeleni sazibonakalisa kwi-S & P 500 yokuqala yeengxowa-mali zemali emva koko. Namhlanje, ingxowa-mali eyayizisayo - i-Vanguard 500 Index - yinto enkulu kunabo bonke, kwiphina ihlabathi. Iphethe ixabiso lemali engaphezulu kwama-190 biliyoni, inezinga lokungena kwe-3% kuphela (okubonisa ukuba isitoksi esiphezulu sinobanjwe iminyaka engama-33), kunye nomyinge weendleko zomhlala-mali we -0.17% ngonyaka. Unesandla esisodwa sinikela umhlala-phantsi okhuselekileyo kumaMerika amaninzi ngaphezu kweyiphi na enye enye, imveliso yemali nganye.
Iimali zeeNgxowa-mali azihlali zilingana neSicwangciso soTyalo-mali
Kubatyalomali ngeendlela ezibonakalayo, iimali zenkcazo ngokuqhelekileyo zikhethwa ngokukhethekileyo xa ufuna ukusetyenziswa kwesi sicwangciso sotyalo-mali.
Njengoko uBogle ngokwakhe ebhala kwiincwadi zakhe ezininzi, kubandakanywa i-tome ebizwa ngokuba yi- Common Sense kwi-Mutual Funds , yinto eninzi yokwenza irhafu kwindoda kunye nabasetyhini kunye ne-zeros ezimbalwa ekupheleni kobutyebi babo bokubambisana ngokubanzi imali kunye ukwakha iphothifoliyo ngqo yeesitokisini ngasinye usebenzisa ifilosofi efanayo. Akunakho kuphela ukuba iindleko zibe ziphantsi kunezinto ezincinci, kodwa umnini-akhawunti angasebenzisa elinye icebo lokutyalo elibizwa ngokuba luvuna ukulahleka kweerhafu ukwenzela ukunciphisa ipesenti yepottoliyo ethathwe ngu rhu lumente.
Umzekelo opheleyo wento enokuthi ibonakale ngathi yi-ING Corporate Leaders Trust. Emuva ngo-1935, umphathi wepottoliyo wakha ukuqokelela iqoqo le-30-blue-chip, i-stock-pay-pay dividends, eza kubanjelwa ngonaphakade, kungekho mlawuli, kwaye akukho phinda ihlawulwe iindleko okanye iindleko. Izabelo zazisuswa kuphela xa zifunyenwe, zachithwa, okanye zenzeke ezinye iziganeko eziphathekayo, ezifana nokuqedwa kwesahlulo okanye ukuhlawulwa kwetyala. Yiza imvula okanye ukhanyise, isihogo okanye amanzi aphezulu, ukudandatheka, ukunyuka kwemali , imfazwe, uxolo, ukunyuka kwamaxabiso , ukuchithwa kwempahla, kunye neminye imeko enokucinga, i-stocks ayishiywanga. Iphothifoliyo ehlawulwe izabelo zayo zabanikazi ukuba bachithe, basindise, bavuselele, okanye bazinikele ekuthandweni, kwaye kwakunjalo.
Njengoko nabani na oye wajonga kwizifundo zemfundo ngesihloko angalindela, le nto "eyimali engacetywanga" isicwangciso-mali-esona sikhulu ngaphezu kwengxowa-mali- ichithwe i-fund ye-collective fund kwiminyaka engama-79 edlulileyo, ukunikezela izinga liphantse phantse abaphiswano. Uluhlu lweenkampani luyamangalisa ngenxa yokuba zangaphambili iimpahla zithengwa yimibuso yamhla. Ngokomzekelo, umtyalo-mali ongenalwazi angabuka uluhlu lwangaphambili lwama-stocks kwaye angaphelanga ngokungagqibekanga ukuba i-Standard Oil yaseNew Jersey ne-Socony-Oil Vacuum ngoku iphosa. Ngokuchasene noko, bathengwa ngaphaya kweminyaka kwaye batyathwa kwizabelo ze-Exxon Mobil, umninimzi ngoku. I-Atchison, iTopeka kunye ne-Santa Fe Railroad yathengwa nguBurlington Northern Santa Fe, eyafunyanwa kwisitokhwe se- Warren Buffett , i- Berkshire Hathaway .
Enye yeenkcaso ezinkulu oziva kwiindleko eziphantsi, ngokubanzi ngokubanzi, isicwangciso-mali sokusondeza imali esivela kubantu abangakwaziyo ukukhangela i-mechanics yale ndlela ihambelane ne-bankruptcy. "Kuthiwani ukuba ezinye iisitokhi ziya kuphazamiseka kwaye ulahlekelwa yiyo yonke into oyifake kuyo?" Bakhala njengokuba baqinisekisile iphuzu. Akukho nto ingaba yinyani kwi nyaniso. Xa iphothifoliyo yenziwe ngamakhampani aphambili kwaye isasazeka phakathi kwamalungu akwaneleyo, ayisoloko iyingxaki. Ngokomzekelo, i-ING Corporate Leaders Trust siye saxoxa ngamasheya aphethwe yi-Eastman Kodak, eya kuma-dollar engama-0 phambi kokuba ifune ukukhuselwa kwiinkantolo ze-bankruptcy. Nangona kunjalo, naphezu kokuphela kwexabiso lokuphela kwe ~ $ 0 ngesabelo ngasinye, i-Eastman Kodak isenza abanikazi be-trust bafumane imali eninzi kwiminyaka emashumi ngenxa yeminyaka emithathu ngenxa ye-1.) izahlulelo ezihlawulwe ngaphaya kweminyaka, 2.) -aff of the chemical division and 3.) Ilahleko zokulahlekelwa kweerhafu eziye zaphunyezwa ukusuka ekufakeni i-bankruptcy, ukufumana ingeniso yokufumana imali evela kwezinye izinto, ukufumana imali engenayo imali. Ngandlela-thile, le nto ikhohliwe ngokufanelekileyo (okanye, mhlawumbi, engaziwa) ngabangenazo ezobugcisa abangaboni nantoni na ngaphandle kwetshathi yesitokhwe, bengayinaki imeko yezoqoqosho.
Ngubani Olungelele Kulolu Cwangciso Lwemali Yotyalo-mali?
Ngokuqhelekileyo, abatshali-mali abathile abanokuyisebenzisa ngokufanelekileyo inzuzo yale yesikolo yokuphathwa kwemali yengcinga baya kuba ngabo:
- Awufuni ukuchitha ixesha elininzi ukulawula ipahla zabo. Awuyikuvuyisa imbono yokufunda i- 10K yokufakela kwindawo yomlilo kodwa kunokuthanda ukwenza ezinye izinto nabahlobo kunye nosapho.
- Ngaba zizinzile ngokomoya kwaye zivumele ukuba intloko yazo zilawulwe iintliziyo zabo, ingalahlekelwa yinkinga yokulala xa izitokisi zihlaselwa (ngaphandle kokuba iphothifoliyo engaphantsi yenziwe nge- high quality quality chips ezingatshintshi kakhulu unyaka unyaka, okanye ilishumi iminyaka elishumi, umzekelo, nokuba ingaba ngo-1900, ngo-1950, 2000 okanye ngo-2050, abantu basenokuba basebenzise uhlobo oluthile lweClorox ukukhubaza ii-disinfect surface).
- Musa ukuziva ukuba kufuneka "wenze" into. Bangahlala emva kwabo baze bathathe isenzo esicacileyo, nangona bacinga ukuba kusetyenziswe ngcono imali yabo, banamathele ngesicwangciso naphezu kokunyaniseka kwezandla zabo bonke ubomi.
- Musa ukuziva ukuba ufuna ukujonga i-smart phambi kwabahlobo okanye osebenza nabo. Kungathi kunzima ukukholelwa, kodwa ndibukele abantu abaninzi belahlekelwa iipotfoliyo zokutshala imali kuba babeziva ngathi balahlekile kwinto ethile yegolide ababeyiva ngayo xa bethabatha iziphuzo kunye nabafundi bekholeji endala. Kufana nokuba bayayikhohlwa umsebenzi wepottoliyo yabo ukwenza imali ngendlela ekhuselekileyo, engabenze ukuba babonakale banomdla.
- Musa ukukhathalela ukuba ngaba ngaphantsi okanye ngaphaya benze inkcazo enikeziweyo kunyaka othile. I-axiomatic kodwa iphothifoliyo efana ne-ING Corporate Leaders Trust iya kudibanisa ngokukhawuleza kwiphina ixesha elithile esuka kwi- S & P 500 okanye nayiphi na inkcazo oyenayo ngenxa yokuba, ngencazelo, ineqela elithile leempahla. Nangona nje ukhululekile ngesizathu sokuba iifemu eziphantsi zifakwe kwiphothifoliyo kwindawo yokuqala, kufuneka ujabule ngesicwangciso sotyalo-mali nangona inani lakho elichaziweyo lifani noko ufunda kwiphephandaba.
Funda ngeendlela ezininzi zokutyalomali
Thatha isikhashana ufunde amanqaku athile anxulumene nawo ukuze ufumene ukuba kukho isicwangciso-mali sokutshintsha isimo sakho sengqondo. Ngokomzekelo, unokukhetha indlela ejolise kuyo yokuthenga amacandelo amashishini afanelekileyo anemali enamandla kunye nokusebenzisa ubuncwane babo kwezoqoqosho. Ngaphandle koko, unokukhetha ukuthenga uluhlu lwee-stocks eziqhelekileyo eziye zandisa igalelo labo minyaka yonke iminyaka eyi-10 okanye engama-25, ngokunyanisekileyo ukuxhoma nje ukuba iirekhodi ozifumana kwi-imeyile zikhula ngokukhawuleza ngexesha ngalinye.