Ukuqonda Iintlobo zeeAkhawunti zeRhafu zokuSebenza Unokuzivula
Iingxelo zeCash
I-akhawunti yekheshi ayivumeli nayiphi na imali yokuboleka imali ( ukurhweba kwimida ) ukusuka kumthengisi okanye kwiziko lemali.
Nayiphi na imashishini kufuneka ihlawulwe ngokupheleleyo, ngekheshi, ngomhla wokuhlawula ofunekayo. Oku kunemiphumo ebonakalayo yokunqanda ukukwazi ukubeka amashishini ngokuphindaphindiweyo njengoko kungenakho ukufumana imali ekhoyo kunye nokulungele ukuhambisa kwiakhawunti yakho ngexesha ofuna ukubeka umyalelo wokuthenga. Ngokufanayo, kuya kufuneka ulinde kuze kube yilapho uhlala khona ukuze uhoxise imali ephakanyisiweyo esuka kwintengiso yokuthengisa. Iibhanki ezigcinwe kwi-akhawunti yekheshi ayithengiswanga kubadayisi abancinci . Ngaphandle kwetyala lomda, abatyali-mali abamba ukugcinwa kweemali ngaphakathi kweakhawunti yekheshi abayi kuze kubekho phantsi kwefowuni kwi-akhawunti kwaye abayi kuba nexhala malunga ne- rehypothecation okanye i-hyper-rehypothecation. I-akhawunti yekheshi ayikwazi ukufikelela kwisitokhwe esifutshane . Iingxelo zekheshi kufuneka ziphathe ngokuzimeleyo xa zijongene nezikhetho (umz., Nayiphi na ifowuni ebhaliweyo kufuneka ihlanganiswe ngokupheleleyo kwaye nayiphi na into ebhaliweyo kufuneka ikhuseleke ngokupheleleyo ngemali yokugcinwa kwemali xa kwenzeka umthambo, njl.
IiNgxelo zeMargin
Iingxelo zeMargin zivumela ukuba kube lula ukuboleka imali kwi-broker yakho, nokuba uhlolisise ukubuya okanye ukuhamba kwemali elula ngokubhekiselele ekumiseni ukuhweba okanye ukwenza i-facto line credit for your needs capital capital . Ngaphandle kolwazi lwakho, iibhanki ozibambayo kwi-akhawunti yakho ye-margin zingahlawulwa ukuba zithengise iimveliso zenkcitho engaphezulu.
Ngaphantsi kweemeko ezithile, ukuba oko kwenzeka kwaye abathengisi abancinci banokubambisa intlawulo yesahlulelo enelungelo lokufumana, awuyi kuvunyelwa ukubiza isahlulelo ngokuthi "isahlulelo esifanelekileyo" ngokubhekiselele kumanani amaninzi eerhafu, kodwa kufuneka uhlawule iirhafu eziqhelekileyo . Oku kunokubangela ukuba uhlawule ngokuphindwe kabini irhafu yerhafu mhlawumbi uza kuhlawula ngenxa yokuba umthengisi wakho uzama ukufumana inzuzo yenkcazo yakhe yengeniso kwiindleko zakho. Ukongezelela, unakho ukuxhomekeka kwi-rehypothecation okanye u-risk-rehypothecation risk.
Iimfuneko zokuHlaliswa koRhwebo kwiAkhawunti zeCash
Xa kuthengiswa kweempahla , iibhanki, ukhetho, okanye i- Treasury securities , okuthiwa "indlela yokuhlala rhoqo" kufuna ukuba unikeze imali (ukuba uthengisa) okanye i-asethi (ukuba uthengisa) ekupheleni kwenani elithile leentsuku ezilandelayo umhla wokurhweba ngokwawo. Oku kufuthi kuboniswe ngokuthi "T + [faka inani leentsuku apha].
Ngokutsho kweKhomishoni ye - Securities and Exchange , okanye i-SEC, kwiminyaka emininzi, ishedyuli yokuhlala ngokuqhelekileyo yayingu-T + 5. Nangona kunjalo, ngaphezu kweminyaka elishumi edlulileyo, iimfuneko zokuhlaliswa kwee-arhente zee-akhawunti zekheshi zafakwa. Zizo zilandelayo:
- Iimpahla eziqhelekileyo = T + 3
- Iibhanki zenkampani = T + 3
- Izinketho (Iifowuni kunye noPhuthi) = T + 1
- Iimali zeeMali zeeNondyebo zaseMelika, iiBond kunye neNqaku = T + 1
Ngokutsho kwe-FINRA, "UMgaqo-siseko weBhodi ye-Reserve Reserve kunye neSigqeba se-SEC 15C3-3 unikezela ithuba lokwandiswa kwetyala ngabathengisi-mboleko kubarhweli-mali xa bengakhange bahlawule ngokukhawuleza ukuthengiswa kwemfihlo." Oku kwenza ukuba kunokwenzeka ukwandisa ukulungiswa kwezorhwebo iintsuku ezimbini ezongezelelweyo, ukuba i-T + 5. echanekileyo, uMgaqo-siseko uthi xa ukungaphumeleli kudlulele i-$ 1,000 ngexabiso, umthengisi kufuneka enze ukhetho: ukucima isikhundla okanye ukufaka isicelo sokuxolelwa ezivela kubalawuli. ISigqeba esingu-15C3-3 seSibini sibonisa ukuba ukuba ukhuseleko olunexesha elide (lufundwa: lungazange lithengiswe elifutshane) alunikwanga kwisithuba seentsuku zoshishino ezili-10 emva kokuhlala, umthengi kufuneka athenge amasheya atshintshe kumthengi okanye afake isicelo sokuxolelwa kumlawuli.
Ngenxa yokuba umthengisi wakho unembopheleleko yokulungisa amashishini nangona ungenayo imali efunekayo okanye i-securities, unelungelo lokukuhlawulisa ngemirhumo, kunye nokuthatha amanye amanyathelo okulungisa ukukhusela umdla wakho ukuba ukuhluleka ukuhlonipha izibophelelo zakho zemali. Khawucinge ukuba wangena umyalelo wokuthengwa ngezabelo eziqhelekileyo kodwa awuzange ufike ngekheshi ukuba uzihlawule xa urhwebo luza kulungiswa. Umthengisi uya kufuneka akhuphe ngaphandle kwipokoththi yakhe aze athathe isigqibo sokuthengisa izabelo zokufumana imali. Ukuba ixabiso lesitoko liyehlile okwangoku, linokukulandela emva kwexabiso elilahlekileyo kwintengiselwano ngenxa yentshukumo yexabiso lemarike. Oku kunokukubeka ekulahlekeni okukhulu.
Ukuba uyahluleka ngokuphindaphindiweyo ukulungisa i-akhawunti yakho kwi-akhawunti yakho yemali, umthengisi wakho unokuvala i-akhawunti yakho kwaye akuvimbele ukuba wenze ishishini kunye nenkampani. Ukongezelela, ukuba uthengisa ngokukhawuleza ukuya kwindawo ekuthengeni ngayo izabelo kunye nefuthe eyenziwe kwinkqubo yokuhlawula, unokubethwa ngophulaphulo olubizwa ngokuba nguMgaqo-nkqubo, okuya kubangela ukuba i-akhawunti yakho ikhutshwe iintsuku ezingama-90.