Uhlahlo lwabiwo-mali lukaMongameli uBabriki, kwaye Kutheni Lungazange ludlule
NgoJanuwari 24, 2012 - uMongameli Obama uchaze izinto eziphambili zebhajethi kwiNombolo yeNkulumbuso ye-Union ka - 2012 . Umxholo wukunciphisa ukungalingani kwemali ngokunyusa ukunyuka kwentela ka-2010 kuwo wonke umntu ngaphandle kwalabo benza imali engama-$ 250,000 ngonyaka okanye ngaphezulu.
NgoFebruwari 13, 2012 - uMongameli Obama wathumela ibhajethi yakhe kwiCongress.
Ngomhla wama-20 kuMatshi, 2012 - uSihlalo weKomidi yoHlahlo lwabiwo lweNdlu uPaul Ryan uhambise isicelo sesabelo-mali seNdlu, iNdlela yokuPhuma. Yacetyiswa ukuba ichithe i-Obamacare , ikhuphe i-Medicare kwaye iguqule i-Medicaid ukuba ibhengeze izibonelelo zebhloko. Oku kwakungenakuya kwi-Senate.
NgoSeptemba 22, 2012 - I-Congress yadlulisela isisombululo esiqhubekayo esixhaswa nguRhulumente ukususela ngo-Oktobha 1, 2012 ukuya ngoMatshi 2013 kwinqanaba elingaphakamileyo kunabhajethi ye-FY 2012.
Matshi 2013 - I-Congress yadlulisela esinye isisombululo sokuqhubeka nokuxhasa imisebenzi kaRhulumente ekupheleni kwalo nyaka-mali (Septemba 30, 2013).
NgoSeptemba 30, 2013 -Iqela leRiphabliki langeke lenze esinye isigqibo ngaphandle kokuba i- Obamacare ihlawulwe. Urhulumente uvale iintsuku eziyi-16.
UMthetho woLawulo loHlahlo lwabiwo-mali ka-2011 uphinde waba nefuthe kwiinkcitho ze-FY 2013. ICongress yadlulisela lo Mthetho ukuphelisa i- crisis leiling crisis .
Yasebenzisa ukulandelwa kwemali ukunciphisa iindleko ze-Federal by $ 1.2 trillion ngaphezu kweminyaka eyi-10. Ukunquma ama-dollar ayi-85 yezigidi kwi-budget ye-FY 2013 njengolu hlobo:
- Iipesenti ezingama-7.5 ezityunjwe kwimali yempi, i-$ 54.7 yezigidigidi.
- Iipesenti ezi-2 zityunjwe kumniki-mboleko we-Medicare.
- Iipesenti eziyi-8 zinqunywe kuzo zonke ezinye iimali ezifunekayo.
- Iipesenti ezingama-8.4 zinqunywe kuzo zonke ezinye iingxowa-mali ezingabalulekanga.
Uhlahlo lwabiwo-mali lwe-2013
Ngenxa yesigxina sokurhoxiswa kukaRhulumente kunye nokulandelwa kwemali, uhlahlo lwabiwo-mali olucetywayo kwaye oko kwenzeka ngokwenene kuyahluke kakhulu. Nantsi indlela elula yokuthelekisa ezimbini. Okwenziweyo ithathwa kwi-budget ye-FY 2015.
Ingeniso (kwiibhiliyoni)
| Umthombo | Isicelo sohlahlo lwabiwo-mali ( FY2013 Budget ) | Ingeniso ( Okwenyani ukususela kwi-FY2015 Budget ) |
|---|---|---|
| Irhafu yentlawulo | $ 1,359 | $ 1,316 |
| Iirhafu zorhwebo | $ 348 | $ 274 |
| Iintlawulo zentlawulo yeNtlalo | $ 677 | $ 673 |
| Iirhafu zemirhumo yomrhumo | $ 214 | $ 209 |
| Ezinye iintlawulo zerhafu | $ 68 | $ 65 |
| Iirhafu zerhafu | $ 88 | $ 84 |
| Intlawulo yezindlu | $ 13 | $ 19 |
| Iirhafu | $ 33 | $ 32 |
| Inzala kwiiStater Reserve | $ 80 | $ 76 |
| Zonke ezinye | $ 21 | $ 27 |
| YONKE | $ 2,902 | $ 2,775 |
Yonke imali
I-OMB iqikelele ukuba urhulumente waseburhulumenteni uza kuchitha i-$ 3.803 yezigidigidi zama-dollar ngasekupheleni kwe-FY 2013. Kunoko, ukuchithwa okuvela kwi- sequestration kungena kuyo, kwaye i-$ 3.455 kuphela isetyenzisiwe. Ekubeni iindleko zikaRhulumente ziyinxalenye ye-GDP , le ntlawulo iyancipha ukukhula kwezoqoqosho . Oku kuyingozi kakhulu kweli nqanaba kumjikelezo wezoshishino , oqala nje ukwandisa emva kweengxaki zemali ka - 2008 .
Inyanzelekile - Iipesenti ezithandathu, okanye i-$ 2.086 trillion, isetyenziselwe ukuzalisekisa iinkqubo ezigunyazisiweyo .
Le ntlawulo imiselwe ngumthetho, kwaye ayikwazi ukutshintshwa ngaphandle kwesenzo sangempela seCongress. Ekubeni kuqikelelwe nje, akukho mfuneko yokuthelekisa imali kwiingxelo zebhajethi.
Kuquka ukhuseleko lwezeNtlalo (i-$ 808 yezigidigidi), i-Medicare (i-$ 492 billion) kunye neMedicaid ($ 265 billion). Zonke ezinye iinkqubo ezinyanzelisiweyo zizonke i-$ 521 billion. Ezi zibandakanya iinkqubo ezifana nezitampu zokutya, ukuNikwa kwemisebenzi, kunye nokuKhuseleka koKhuseleko kwabakhubazekile. Inzala kwisikwere sikazwelonke i-$ 221 yezigidigidi, kwaye kufuneka ihlawulwe kwakhona. (Umthombo: OMB, i-FY Budget 2015, iThebhile S-4)
Ukuqondisisa - Ngaphezulu kweyesithathu kwenkcitho, okanye i-1.147 trillion yeeRandi, waya kwiinkqubo ze- Discretionary . Ngaphandle kokungatshatyalaliswa, oku kuncinci kakhulu kuneminyaka engaphambili, xa i-40 engama-40 ekhulwini-mali isabonakali. Kubalulekile, kuba yiyo kuphela isabelo sohlahlo lwabiwo-mali uMongameli kunye neNgqungquthela abanokuxoxa ngazo ngonyaka.
Ngaphantsi kwesiqingatha sazo (i-$ 522 billion) isetyenziselwa yonke imisebenzi karhulumente karhulumente engahambelani nokukhusela. UMongameli unqumle yonke ibhajethi yeSebe ngaphandle kweMfundo, eyanyuka kwi-69.8 yezigidigidi zamaRandi ukusuka kuma-67.4 billion kwi-FY 2012. Nangona kunjalo, iCongress inqumle ukuba, kwi-$ 65.7 yezigidigidi. Nanku uhlahlo lwabiwo-mali kunye nentsingiselo yangempela kuwo onke amasebe amakhulu:
I-FY 2013 Ulwabiwo lweSebe loLwazi kunye nokuSetyenziswa okwenene (kwiibhiliyoni)
| KwiSebe | Uhlahlo lwabiwo-mali ( Isicelo seBhajethi se-2013 se-FY ) | I-Spent ( Okwenene ukusuka kwi-FY Budget 2015 ) |
| KwiSebe lezoKhuselo | $ 525.4 | $ 495.5 |
| LezeMpilo kunye neNkonzo zoLuntu | $ 71.7 | $ 74.3 |
| LeMfundo | $ 69.8 | $ 65.7 |
| Imiba yeMantshi | $ 61.0 | $ 61.1 |
| Ukhuseleko lwasekhaya | $ 39.5 | $ 38.1 |
| KwiSebe leMandla | $ 27.1 | $ 25.2 |
| (kubandakanya uLawulo lweSizwe loKhuseleko lweNyukliya) | $ 11.5 | $ 10.6 |
| LweZindlu kunye noPhuhliso loMmandla | $ 35.3 | $ 22.8 |
| KwiSebe lezoBulungisa | $ 26.8 | $ 25.2 |
| Isebe likarhulumente (libandakanya uncedo lwangaphandle) | $ 48.0 | $ 39.6 |
| NASA | $ 17.7 | $ 16.9 |
Umkhosi - Esinye isiqingatha sohlahlo lwabiwo-mali, okanye i-$ 735.4 yezigidi, luyichitha imali. Oku kubandakanyeka kubandakanya uhlahlo lwabiwo-mali lweSebe lezoKhuseleko (i-R55.5 billion), kodwa kufuneka libale amanye amasebe axhasa iinzame zokhuselo lwesizwe (i-$ 157.8 billion). Ezi zibandakanya iSebe leeMfazwe zakwaMantshi (i-$ 61.1 billion), iSebe likaRhulumente (i-$ 39.6 yezigidigidi), ukuKhuselwa koKhaya (i-$ 38.1 billion), ulawulo lweSizwe loKhuseleko lweNyukliya (i-$ 10.6 billion) kunye ne-FBI (i-$ 8.2 yezigidigidi).
Ukongezelela, kukho iMisebenzi yokuLawulwa kweeNgqungquthela (Overseas Contingency Operations ($ 82.1 billion) kwiMfazwe e-Afghanistan. Le yongeziweyo yenkcitho, eyabelwe yiNgqungquthela, engaphandle kwenkqubo yohlahlo lwabiwo-mali. (Umthombo: "I-Budget FY 2015, iThebhile S-11," i-OMB. I-FBI ivela kwi- FY 2016 isiHlomelo )
Ulwaphulo-mali lwabiwo mali luhla
Ngo-FY 2013, uhlahlo lwabiwo-mali luqikelelwe ukuba luyi-902 yezigidigidi zeeRandi, kodwa ngenxa yokulandelwa kwemali, kwafika kuphela kwi-679 billion yezigidigidi. Le yithuba lokuqala yayingaphantsi kwamaRandi 1 trillion ukususela ngo-Obama wathatha isikhundla. Ukuqhathanisa ukulahleka kohlahlo lwabiwo-mali kwi-US, jonga ukulahlekelwa nguMongameli kunye noThathaka ngoNyaka .
Uhlobo lweBhajethi ka-2013 ka-Paul Ryan
USomlomo we-United States uPaul Ryan (uR-Wisconsin) wayengumongameli weKomiti yeBhajethi yeNdlu. Wathumela isicwangciso-mali se-FY 2013 sokulwa nesicwangciso sikaMongameli. Yadluliselwa yiNdlu kodwa yahlulwa yiSenate. Yakhelwe kwiphakamiso sesabelo-mali seRyan sika-FY 2012, esaziwa njengeMaphu yeNdlela, esasilandela isiganeko esifanayo.
Ngomhla ka-Agasti 13, 2012, umviwa waseRiphablikhi wabaMongameli uMitt Romney wathabatha uRyan njengomtyunjwa wakhe we-Vice-Presidential. Nangona uRomney engamkelanga ngokusemthethweni uhlahlo lwabiwo lukaRyan, akayi kukhetha uRyan ukuba akavumelani ngokuvisisana nesicwangciso.
Uhlahlo lwabiwo-mali lukaRyan, olubizwa ngokuba yiNdlela yokuPhumelela , luya kunciphisa i-$ 5 trillion kwi-Budget ye-Federal kwiminyaka eyi-10 ezayo. Yinto enhle. Uhlahlo lwabiwo-mali luka-Obama lwama-FY 2013 luya kwandisa i-$ 901 yezigidigidi kwi-$ 15 trillion.
Isicwangciso sikaRyan sibhekiselele kwiindawo ezinhlanu ezibanzi:
- Uluntu loKhuseleko lweNtlalo - landela iziphakamiso kwisicwangciso seSimpson-Bowles sokuzinzisa ukuKhuselwa koLuntu.
- Ukhuseleko lwezeMpilo kunye noKhuseleko lomhlala-phantsi. UkuPhakamisa iMida. Sitshintsha i-Medicaid ukuchaza izibonelelo zebhloko.
- Ukhuselo - Yichitha imali usebenzise imali engama-554 billion kwi-FY 2013.
- Ukuhlaziywa kweRhafu - Intlawulo engaphantsi kwee-10 kwipesenti kunye neepesenti ezingama-25 ngokusika zonke iirhafu. Ukuphinda I- Alternative Minimum Tax . Ukunciphisa izinga lokuhlawula irhafu kwi-25 kwipesenti.
- Ukuchitha - Ukunciphisa iindleko ukuya kuma-20 ekhulwini we-GDP ngo-2015. Ukuzikhethela uFannie Mae noFreddie Mac . Bakhulula abasebenzi baseburhulumenteni.
Nangona kunjalo, lo mxube weendleko kunye nokwehla kweerhafu akuyi kulungelelanisa uhlahlo lwabiwo-mali okanye uqale ukuhlawula phantsi kwetyala lomthetho kude kube ngu-2040. (Umthombo: " Indlela yokuPhuma ," uPaul Ryan, Matshi 20, 2012)
URyan Uyakushintsha i-Medicare kunye noKhuselo loLuntu: Isicwangciso siphumelele ukugcina imali ngeendleko ngokuguqula inkqubo ye-Medicare yangoku kwenye apho abadala bakuthola iintlawulo zokuthenga zabo iinkqubo zeminshuwalense yempilo . Iintlawulo zikhula ngaphezu kwexesha kunye namanani abathengi . Utshintsho lukaRyan's Medicare luya kubachaphazela kuphela abo ababalelwa kuma-65 ngo-2023 okanye kamva. Ngelo xesha, liphinde liphakanyise iminyaka yokufaneleka kwi-Medicare ngeenyanga ezimbini ngonyaka ukuya kufinyelela kuma-67 ngo-2033. Njengendlela yeSimpson-Bowles isicwangciso, sinika imali eyongezelelweyo yokulandela ubuqhetseba bempilo eyenza i-115 yezigidigidi bhajethi.
Nangona kunjalo, iphakamisa utshintsho kwimali enyanzelisayo , uhlahlo lwabiwo-mali lukaRyans luya kufuna imvume yoMthetho ngaphandle kwenkqubo yohlahlo lwabiwo - mali .
Ukugcina isisombululo seNtlalo, Isicwangciso sikaRyan sikhombisa ukuba uMongameli kunye neCongress bamkele iziphakamiso kwisicwangciso seSimpson-Bowles.
Kuthiwani ngeMedicaid kunye neMfundo? Isicwangciso sesabelo-mali sikaRyan siyaguqula iintlawulo ze-Federal for Medicaid kunye nezitampu zokutya (inkqubo ye-SNAP) kwiimali zesikhundla seburhulumenteni ezikhokhelwe ukunyuka kwamanani kunye nokukhula kwabantu. Oku kuya kuqalisa ngo-2013, kunye nexabiso elingu-dollar elikhulayo kunye nexabiso jikelele labathengi kunye nokukhula kwabemi. Ukuncediswa kwesitampu sokutya bekuya kuba ngumsebenzi okanye uqeqesho lomsebenzi.
URyan ucebisa ukunciphisa imali-mboleko yemali kunye ne-Pell izibonelelo, kunye nokudibanisa iiprogram zokuqeqesha umsebenzi wase-Federal "kwinkqubo yokuphuhlisa abasebenzi." Naluphina uhlobo lwenkokhelo yentlalontle luya kubandakanywa kwiinkqubo zemfundo kunye noqeqesho lwengqesho, kwaye inkqubela yabo iya kulandelwa iminyaka emihlanu. Oku kunengqiqo, kuba abaninzi bexesha elingenamsebenzi balahlekelwa izakhono zomsebenzi ezifunekayo ukukhuphisana.
Ukutshintshwa kwe-Obamacare Ngento: Isicwangciso sohlahlo lwabiwo-mali sichitha amanye amalungiselelo abalulekileyo e- Obamacare ejongene noqwelo lwe-inshorensi. Imali yokunakekelwa kwempilo kuorhulumente iya kuncitshiswa kuma-6 ekhulwini we-GDP ngowe-2030. Nangona kunjalo, abagxeki bathi baphumelela iindleko zonyango kwiinkonzo zikaRhulumente kubantu abangabandakanywa yinshuwalense yezempilo emsebenzini. Laba kanye ngabantu abaye bazama ukukhusela ukunakekelwa kwempilo.
Kuthiwani malunga nokuSetyenziswa koKhuselo? Isicwangciso sikaRyan sichitha imali yokukhusela i-$ 554 billion. Ingqikithi yenani lezokhuseleko kwi- FY 2013 Uhlahlo lwabiwo lwezempi lwama-dollar ayi-851 yezigidigidi, kwaye liloluhlu olulodwa oluphezulu lwabiwo-mali.
Izidumbu zikaFannie Mae kunye noFreddie Mac: Isicwangciso sikaRyan ekugqibeleni siza kubamba uFannie Mae noFreddie Mac . Iphakamisa ukunciphisa iiprogram ze-inshurensi zombuso karhulumente kumanani amancinane asekhaya. Ityala uFannie noFreddie ukuba "baqokelele" iipesenti ezingama-97 zeemakethe zendlu. Le nkcazo yinyani, kodwa kuba nje iibhanki aziyi kukhangela iimali-mboleko zemali ngaphandle kwe-inshurensi kaRhulumente. Ngaphambi kweengxaki zemali, uFannie noFreddie babenemali engama-50 eemarike. Isicwangciso sikaRyan sifuna ukunyuswa kwemali kwiimarike zemali, kodwa ayichazi ukuba njani. Imizamo yangaphambili yakuba nguNobhala weSebe likaNondyebo uHank Paulson kunye noNobhala weSebe lezeMali uTim Geithner baye bahluleka ngenxa yokuba iibhanki azizimisele ukuthatha ingozi. Ukuphelisa uFannie noFreddie ngaphandle kokutshintshwa okuqinileyo kunokukhubaza ukuhlaziywa kwezindlu ezinzima.
URyan uphakamisa ukunciphisa inkxaso-mali yefama, ugcine imali engama-R15 billion kwiinyanga ezizayo. Uninzi lwale mali luya kuma-agri-shishini asebenzayo asemfuneko ukuba alondoloze ukubonelelwa kokutya kwesizwe.
Nciphisa Intlawulo yabasebenzi baseburhulumenteni kunye neeNzuzo: uRyan uya kufaka umvuzo kuze kube ngu-2015, ukwandisa inkxaso kunye nokuvumela ukulungiswa komsebenzi ukunciphisa abasebenzi ngama-10 ekhulwini kwiminyaka emithathu ezayo. Oku kunengqiqo, ekubeni iOffice Budget Office i-Ofisi engeyiyo inxalenye yeNgqungquthela ibonakalise ukuba abasebenzi baseburhulumenteni bahlawulwa, ngokuqhelekileyo, iipesenti ezili-16 eziphezulu kunabalingane bamashishini abucala. Oku kuza kusindisa i-368 billion yezigidigidi kwiminyaka elishumi ezayo.
Ukongezelela, uRyan ucebisa ukuba zonke iiKomiti zeNtloko zeNgqungquthela zihambise iingcomo kwiKomidi yohlahlo lwabiwo-mali lokunciphisa inkunkuma, njengoko kuchazwe yi-GAO. Ukwazisa nokuba urhulumente waseburhulumenteni uthengise impahla kunye nezinto zokusebenza ezingasetyenziswa.
Ekugqibeleni kunciphisa ulwaphulo-mngeni: Ingxaki enkulu kwi-budget kaRyan kukuba iqhubela phambili utshintsho oluninzi kwiminyaka engama-20 kwixesha elizayo. Isicwangciso sinciphisa ixabiso lokuhlahlo- lwabiwo-mali kwi-2 ekhulwini yemveliso yasemakhaya ngonyaka ka-2020, kodwa ayiyi kubakho i- surplus yebhajethi kuze kube ngu-2040.
Okwesibini, yenza njalo ngokuthatha inzuzo ezifana ne-Medicare kwizizukulwana ezizayo ngokubanyanzelisa ukuba basebenzise i-inshurensi yecandelo labucala. Okwesithathu, ingcamango yokunciphisa irhafu yentlawulo ngokucwangcisa ikhowudi yentela yinto enhle. Wonke umntu uyavuma ukuba ikhowudi yentlawulo, nayo yonke inqununu yayo, iyinkimbinkimbi kwaye inenzuzo yeenkampani kunye nobutyebi. Nangona kunjalo, icebo likaRyan liyanciphisa irhafu ngaphezu kweyona ndlela eyona ndlela inzima kakhulu yeSimpson-Bowles. Ngamanye amagama, amanani angasebenzi.
Nangona kunjalo, ukuba uphumelele, uhlahlo lwabiwo-mali lukaRyan luya kuguqula ukuchitha imali , okuye kwaqhubeka ukusukela ngo-2002. Ngokunciphisa ukulahleka kunye netyala , icebo lohlahlo lwabiwo-mali lukaRyan luza kuvumela i dollar ukuba iqinise, iyanciphise intlawulo yokungeniswa kwamanye amazwe . Nangona kunjalo, kuya kwandisa intengo yezinto zangaphandle, ukunciphisa ukhuphiswano lweenkampani zase-US.