UFreddie Wenzani?
Amabhanki asebenzisa imali efunyenwe nguFreddie ukwenza iimali-mboleko ezintsha kwi-homebuyers. Oko kwandisa imarike yezindlu kwaye ivumela abaninzi baseMelika ukuba babe ngabanini.
I-FHLMC inikeza ibhanki amandla okudala iimali-mboleko zeminyaka engama-30.
Ngaphandle kukaFreddie, iibhanki kufuneka zigcine iimali-mboleko kwiincwadi zazo iminyaka engama-30. Oko kuya kubopha imali eninzi. Kuya kuba yingozi kakhulu. Ngaba unokucinga ukuba bangaphi abantu abangaphaya kweeminyaka engama-30?
UFreddie uthengisa i-MBS kubatyalomali kwimarike yesibini . Okuvumela abanye abatyali-mali ukuba bazuze kwi-real estate sector. UFreddie usebenzisa inzuzo yokuthenga iimali ezininzi zebhanki. Oko kuqala inkqubo yonke kwakhona.
Ingaba isebenza kanjani
I-FHLMC ithengwa ngemali evela kwiibhanki kunye nabanye ababolekisi. Idibanisa iintlobo ezifanayo zemali yokubolekwa kwiimfumba. Emva koko uthengisa izabelo zeempahla kwiimali zempesheni, imali kunye kunye neenkampani zomshuwalense.
UFreddie uqinisekisa ukuba abatyali-mali baya kufumana isivumelwano esivunyelwene ngaso ngenyanga. I-Treasury yase-US ibuyisela isiqinisekiso.
Xa wenza imali yakho yenyanga yokuhlawula imali, ibhanki iyithumela kwi-FHLMC. UFreddie uhlawula intlawulo yakho nabanye kwaye uyithumela kubatyalomali.
Ayithengisi yonke imali yokuthenga imali. I-FHLMC igcina abanye njengotyalo-mali.
Indlela Echaphazela ngayo Uqoqosho
UFreddie Mac uyayichaphazela uqoqosho lwase-US ngokunciphisa ixabiso lentengo . Oku kwenza iimali-mboleko ezingaphezulu zifumaneke kubanini bezindlu ezintsha. Ngokomzekelo, ukunciphisa izinga ukusuka kuma-8.5 ekhulwini ukuya kuma-8 ekhulwini kwavumela i-791,000 iintsapho ezinomvuzo olinganiselayo ukuthenga amakhaya.
UFreddie Mac wenza ukuba inzala yenzalo iqhubeke. Kuzo zonke iidolophu zesizwe, ixabiso lokuthenga imali lihluka ngo-1.7 ekhulwini ngo-1970. Namhlanje, loo mahluko u-0.1% kuphela.
Ukususela ekuhlaleni, uFreddie uqalise iinkqubo zokunceda abanini bezindlu ukuba baphephe ukuhlaselwa. Olunye ulwazi kule nkqubo lunokukunceda abantu ukuba bathathe amanyathelo ekuthintela ukukhusela ukuchithwa.
UFreddie Mac ukhuthaza imakethi yezindlu. Kwixesha elinempilo, ukwakhiwa kwezindlu kubandakanya ama- 5 ekhulwini loqoqosho . Ngokwenza njalo, kudala ubutyebi kubanini bezindlu abafumana ukulingana okukhulu kumakhaya aphezulu.
Indlela ekuchaphazela ngayo
UFreddie Mac unciphisa ixabiso lentengo kwimali efunyanwa kuyo ebhanki. Enyanisweni, liqikelela ukuba linciphisa izinga le-0.5 yeepesenti, eziguqulela kwi-12,000 yee-dollar ngaphezu koboleko be-$ 100,000.
UFreddie Mac unika neengxelo zeemarike zezindlu zenyanga. Ukuba ucinga ukuthenga okanye ukuthengisa ikhaya, jonga kwiingxelo ze-FHLMC. Bakunika ingcamango enhle yento eyenzekayo kwimakethe yezindlu.
Ngubani ophethe uFreddie Mac
Urhulumente wase-US ungumnikazi kaFreddie Mac noFannie Mae. Ngo-2006, uNobhala wezeNondyebo uHank Paulson wasasaza ezo zombini. Ngaphambi koko, uFannie noFreddie babezinkampani ezixhaswe nguRhulumente.
Ziyimibutho ezazinjongo zokuncedisa inani lezabanikazi. Bobabini babedweliswa kwiNew York Stock Exchange . Ngaloo ndlela, abaphathi babo bazama ukusebenza njengenzuzo njengabancintisana nabo bebhanki.
Behluke kwezinye iinkampani ngendlela enkulu. Urhulumente waseburhulumenteni uqiniseke ngokuqinisekileyo ngemboleko yabo. Oku kwenza ukuba kubekho ingozi encinane. Baye bacindezelwa ukuba bathathe umngcipheko wokuphucula ukubuyela kwabo ngelixa beyazi ukuba abayi kuze bahambe.
UFannie noFreddie bafumanisa ukuba ukubaninzi kwezi mveliso kwakunenzuzo. Esi siphene ekumiselweni kwazo sakhanyiswa xa i-subprime mortgage crisis yaqhuma. Njengoko izindleko zezindlu zawa ngo-2006, ixabiso leemali-mboleko ze-GSEs zaphela.
Kunokuba bavumele ukuba bayeke, uPowson wathenga izabelo zawo. Abanini bempahla balahlekelwa lonke ixabiso, nangona babeya kuba ngaba iinkampani ziye zaphazamiseka.
Ukuba bebengakabikho isizwe, bekungekho nto imakethe yezindlu. Kungenxa yokuba iibhanki ziyeke ukuboleka ngaphandle kokuqinisekiswa karhulumente. Emva kobuzwe, uFannie noFreddie banamaxabiso angama-90 eemarike zezindlu zase-US.
UFreddie noFannie
UFreddie Mac nguye "umzalwana omncinci" kuFannie Mae , uMbutho wezeMpilo weSizwe waseMelika. UMthetho wezeMali oPhezulu oPhezulu we-1970 udale i-FHLMC ukukhuphisana noFannie Mae.
Kuze kube nguMthetho, uFannie Mae uthenge i-Federal Housing Association ebolekileyo. Kwakunokwenzeka ukuba babambelele kwiincwadi zabo, kunokuba baqiniseke. UFreddie watshintsha loo nto. Yingathenga nayiphi na imali mboleko kwaye iqinisekise ukuba ininzi yabo. Ukwahlukana okuphambili phakathi kukaFreddie Mac kunye noFannie Mae basemveliso yabo kunye neemakethi ezijoliswe kuyo.
UMongameli uJohnson uguqule uFannie ukuba abe yinkampani ebambisene nomntu kwiminyaka emibini ngaphambili. Kungenxa yokuba wayefuna ukusebenzisa uhlahlo lwabiwo-mali ukuxhasa iMfazwe yaseVietnam.
UFreddie Mac wahamba esidlangalaleni ngo-1989. Amaziko okuTshintshiselwa kwezeMali, ukuBuyiselwa, kunye nokuQinisekisa enza ukuba utshintsho luphendule kwiNkcenkceshelo yoLondolozo kunye neNgxowa-mali .