Amanyathelo ezeMali, iiNkqubo zeMali kunye nokuQinisekisa
W. Schilling, "US Ukusebenzisa i-Subpoenas Ngaphansi koMthetho we-1989 njengesixhobo esitsha sokuPhucula amaFemu ezeMali," i- Reuters , ngoJanuwari 3, 2013)
I-FIRRE kunye neCrisis Savings and Loan Crisis
I-Congress yadlula i-FIRREA ngomhla ka-Agasti 9, 1989, ukuphendula kwiNgxaki ye - Savings and Loan Crisis . Yanikezela i-$ 50 yezigidigidi ukuvalela iibhanki zehlulekile kwaye ziyeka ezinye ilahleko. Yakha i-arhente entsha karhulumente ebizwa ngokuba yiR Resolution Trust Corporation ukuthengisa impahla ye-S & L, ubuninzi bezindlu, kwaye isebenzise imali yokuhlawula imali.
Kutheni kuthatha uMthetho weNkcazo yoqobo ukujongana nale ntlekele yebhanki? Iingxowankulu zeBhanki kunye neNgxowa-mboleko zeSizwe ezingaphaya kwesiqingatha. Inkampani yase-Federal Savings kunye neNgxowa-mali yaseNtshonalanga ichithe imali engama-20 amabhiliyoni ukuze iqinisekise ukuba i-depositors yeebhanki ezingaphumeleli. Owubhinqa. Ngaphandle kwe-FIRREA, abapostile kwi-S & Ls ebhawulwayo babeya kulahleka imali yabo nje.
U-FIRRE wabuye watshintsha imimiselo yokuThengiswa kunye neNgxowa-mali yokunceda ukukhusela ezinye izityalo kunye nokukhwabanisa.
(Umthombo: " Ingxaki yokuLondoloza kunye neNgxowa-mboleko kunye noBudlelwane bayo kwiBhanki ," i- FDIC )
INDLELA EYI-FIRE isetyenziswa namhlanje
I-FIRRE isixhobo esiluncedo kwiSebe lezoBulungiseleli ekuphononongeni iimali-mboleko zebhanki ezingabonakaliyo namhlanje. Kungenxa yokuba iSigaba 951 sinikela abashushisi amandla okubonisa umthwalo wobubungqina obufunekayo kwiimeko zamapolisa, kungekhona ezobugebengu.
Oko kuthetha ukuba bafanele babonise "ukuphazamiseka kobungqina" kunokuba "bangaphaya kokungathandabuzeki."
UKUQALA ukunyanzeliswa koMthetho woLuntu wokuThengisa kwakhona . Yayifuna ukuqeda ibhanki "yokubuyisela" iindawo ezihlwempuzekileyo, eziye zabangela ukukhula kwama-ghettos kuma-1970. Abalawuli ngoku babeka iibhanki zomntu ngokubhekiselele ekusebenzeni kwazo "indawo eziluhlaza". UFannie Mae kunye noFreddie Mac baqinisekisile ibhanki ukuba baya kuqinisekisa le mboleko mboleko. Yayiyinto "yokudonsa" eyancoma "inkqubela" ye-CRA.
Isebe lezoBulungisa lisebenzise ngempumelelo i-FIRREA ukutshutshisa ibhanki ezenza iimali-mboleko ezimbi ngexesha le-subprime mortgage crisis. Iibhanki ezithandathu ezinkulu zihlawule i-$ 108 billion ezihlawulwa. Kwaye kwafuneka ukuba kuthengise amashumi amabhiliyoni eemfanelo ezimbi ezixhaswa ngemali ezixhaswe kubarhwebi kwiimarike zesekondari. I-FIRRE yayisetyenziselwa ukutshutshisa i-Agencies Standard & Poors ngokutsho ukuba loo mboleko embi yayiyi-investments ekhuselekileyo.
U-FIRRE uvumela urhulumente ukuba atyhuphe nayiphi na imibhalo ayifunayo aze abize amangqina, kuquka umntu ophandwayo. Ubungqina obuhlanganiswe phantsi kwe-FIRREA zamatyala oluntu zingasetyenziselwa nayiphi na ityala lolwaphulo-mthetho. Urhulumente unokuphanda nabani na owonakalisa ibhanki eqinisekisiwe yombutho, kuquka ibhanki ngokwayo.
(Umthombo: uPeter J. Henning, "US Ufumana Ukusetyenziswa Okutsha kwiSitatimende Esisisigxina -esisetyenziswayo kwi-Case Subprime," NYT Dealbook , Agasti 11, 2014)
Ngo-2014, abashushisi bombuso kunye nabarhulumente bahamba emva kwemali-mboleko ye-autoprime. I-Subpoenas ikhishwe kuMthengi wezeMali we-GM kunye ne-Santander ecela amaxwebhu anxulumene nokuphulwa kwe-FIRREA. Ezi, kunye nezinye, iibhanki zinokukhipha imali mboleko mboleko kubbolekayo abasandul 'ukutshatyalaliswa kwangoko, mhlawumbi babe neentengo ezibi, okanye bezimoto eziye zacaca "iimon." (Umthombo: uJohn Carney, "Iimpawu Zobungozi Zitshisa Ababolekisi Bama-Auto," iWall Street Journal , ngoFebruwari 11, 2015)