Indlela yokusebenzisa iirhafu eziqhelekileyo, eziTyebileyo kunye nezingenakucatshangelwa ukuQela iNgomso
Isebe leSebe lezeMali libeka inani elijongene neliso kunye nenani lentengo kwiNondyebo.
Emva koko uthengisa kwi-intengiso. Imfuno ephakamileyo iqhuba ixabiso ngentla yobuso. Oku kunciphisa isivuno ngenxa yokuba urhulumente uya kuhlawula kuphela inani lexabiso kunye nesantya somdla. Imfuno ephantsi iqhuba ixabiso eliphantsi kwexabiso lobuso. Oko kwandisa isivuno kuba umthengi ahlawule ngaphantsi kwesibophelelo , kodwa ufumana inzala efanayo. Yingakho iivuno zihlala zihamba kwindlela echaseneyo yexabiso lentengo. INondyebo ivelisa ngokuqhubekayo inguqu kuba ihlaziywa rhoqo kwiimarike ezivulekileyo.
I-curve yesivuno ichaza izivuno zeeNdleko zeeNondyebo, amanqaku kunye nezibophelelo. Kubizwa ngokuba yi-curve kuba, ukuba bekucetywayo kwigrafu, izivuno zaziqhele ukuba zenzeke. Kungenxa yokuba iindleko zeeNondyebo, ezithe zixesha elifutshane, azifane zihlawule njengesivuno esiphakamileyo njengamanqaku aphakathi kunye neebhondi zexesha elide. Ngoba? Abatyalomali abalindele ukuba izinga eliphezulu lokubuyisela ukugcina imali yabo ibophelelwe ixesha elifutshane.
Benza, nangona kunjalo, balindele ukubuya okuphezulu ukugcina imali yabo ngaphandle kwemisipha eminyaka.
Kunzima ukucinga ukuba umntu uza kuthengisa isibhondi seNondyebo-minyaka engama-30 aze amvumele ukuba ahlale, eyazi ukuba ukubuyela kwi-investment yayingamaphesenti ambalwa nje. Kodwa, abatyali-mali abathile bakhathazeke kakhulu ngelahleko ezikulungele ukubuyisela imali ephezulu ekutsalweni kwabo kwiimarike okanye kwimpahla .
Bayazi ukuba urhulumente wesigqeba akayi kuhlawula umboleko.
Kwihlabathi lokungaqiniseki, abatyali-mali abaninzi bazimisele ukuhlawula ukubuyiswa okuphezulu kwesi siqinisekiso. Kubalulekile, nangona abatyali-mali bengathengi i-Treasury kwaye babambe. Bathengisa kwimarike yesibini . Yilapho abanikazi beNondyebo bathengisa kubo abatyali-mali njengemali yempesheni , iinkampani zomshuwalense, kunye nemali yomhlalaphantsi yomhlalaphantsi.
Iintlobo zeeNgxowa zokuThengisa
Kukho iintlobo ezintathu zeengcingo zokuvunwa. Bakuxelela indlela abatyala-mali abawa ngayo malunga noqoqosho. Ngenxa yeso sizathu, ziyilathisi eluncedo lokukhula koqoqosho.
I- curve yesivuno evamile xa abathengi banokuzithemba, kwaye banamahloni kwinqanaba lexesha elide, bangela ukuba izivuno zikhule ngokukhawuleza. Oko kuthetha ukuba balindele ukuba uqoqosho lukhule ngokukhawuleza.
Oku kuthetha ntoni kuwe? Ixabiso lentengo yokubolekwa kwemali kunye nezinye iimali-mboleko zilandele i-curve isivuno . Xa kukho isivalence sesivuno esiqhelekileyo, umhlala-mboleko oneminyaka engama-30 uza kufuna ukuba uhlawule umyinge ophezulu ophezulu kumyinge weminyaka eyi-15. Ukuba unako ukuguqula iintlawulo, uya kuba bhetele kakhulu, ekuhambeni kwexesha, uzama ukufumana ilungelo lokuthenga imali.
I- curve isivuno esithe xaxa xa izivuno ziphantsi kwebhodi. Kubonisa ukuba abatyali-mali balindele ukukhula okucothayo.
Kwakhona kunokuthetha ukuba izikhombisi zezoqoqosho zithumela imiyalezo edibeneyo, kwaye abanye abatyalo-mali balindele ukukhula xa abanye bengenakuqiniseka.
Xa isivuno somvuno siphantsi, awuyi kukulondoloza ubuninzi ngemali-mboleko yeminyaka eyi-15. Unokuthi uthabathe umboleko weminyaka engama-30, kwaye ubeke imali yokugcina umhlalaphantsi. Kulungile nokho, sebenzisa imali oyilondolozayo nomgaqo kwaye ujonge ngelanga onokuthi ubenakho ikhaya lakho likhululekile kwaye licace.
I-curve isivuno esithe xaxa kuthetha ukuba iibhanki mhlawumbi ayithengi kangangoko zifanele. Ngoba? Awufumani ukubuyiselwa okungaphezulu kwemingcipheko yokuboleka imali ezintlanu, iminyaka elishumi okanye elishumi elinesihlanu. Ngenxa yoko, baboleka kuphela abathengi abasemngciphekweni. Basenokwenzeka ukuba basindise imali yabo engaphezulu kwiimveliso zemarike eziphantsi kunye namanqaku eNondyebo.
Nasi umzekelo weemeko ezenza ikhefu lentengiso yesitrato.
Ngo-2012, uqoqosho lwalukhula ngezinga elifanelekileyo leepesenti ezi-2. Kodwa ityala le- eurozone le-crisis ladala ubuninzi bokungaqiniseki. Xa ingxelo yengxelo yenyanga yenzeke ephantsi kunokuba ikulindeleke, abatyali-zimali batya bathengisa ii- stocks kwaye bathenga i-Treasurys. Ngomhla ka-Juni 1, 2012, inqaku leNondyebo le- 10 leminyaka lithintela iminyaka engama-200 ephantsi kworhwebo lweentsuku. Enye inyanga kamva, ngoJulayi 24, yahamba yancipha.
NgoJulayi 1, 2016, isivuno seNondyebo se-10 sithatha irekhodi elingaphantsi kwe-1.385 ngexesha lokuhweba nge-intraday. Abatyalomali bakhathazekile ngevoti enkulu yaseBrithani yokushiya i- European Union . Ngaloo ndlela, isivuno somvuno sasibe sinyameko kunokuba sasiyi-2012. Kungenxa yokuba abatyali-mali babengaqinisekanga ngokukhula kwexesha elizayo. Kwakhona kuba iFed iphakanyise umlinganiselo weengxowa-mali ezidliwayo ngoDisemba 2015. Oku kwaphoqeleka ukuveliswa kwiindleko zexeshana zeNondyebo.
Ukususela ngoko, i-curve isivuno ibuyele ejwayelekile. Uqoqosho luphucula, kwaye abatyali-mali bathengisa i-Treasurys kunye nezitoko zokuthenga endaweni yoko.
| YoKhuseleko loNondyebo | Iintlawulo eziValiweyo | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 6/1/12 | 7/25/12 | 7/1/2016 | 4/24/2018 | |
| Iinyanga ezi-1 zenyanga | 0.03 | 0.08 | 0.24 | 1.70 |
| Iinyanga ezi-3 zenyanga | 0.07 | 0.10 | 0.28 | 1.87 |
| Iinyanga ezi-6 zenyanga | 0.12 | 0.14 | 0.37 | 2.05 |
| Inqaku leminyaka eli-1 | 0.17 | 0.17 | 0.45 | 2.25 |
| Inqaku leminyaka eli-2 | 0.25 | 0.22 | 0.59 | 2.48 |
| Inqaku leminyaka eli-3 | 0.34 | 0.28 | 0.71 | 2.63 |
| Inqaku leminyaka eli-5 | 0.62 | 0.56 | 1.00 | 2.83 |
| Inqaku leminyaka eli-7 | 0.93 | 0.91 | 1.27 | 2.95 |
| Inqaku le minyaka eli-10 | 1.47 (oneminyaka engama-200 ubudala) | 1.43 (irekhodi elitsha eliphantsi) | 1.46 (i-intra-day ephantsi ye-1.385) | 3.00 (I-close close 1% ukusuka ngo-2014) |
| Inqaku leminyaka eli-20 | 2.13 | 2.11 | 1.81 | 3.08 |
| Ibhondi yeminyaka engama-30 | 2.53 | 2.47 | 2.24 | 3.18 |
Nasi umzekelo wendlela i-curve isivuno esichazela ngayo ukukhula koqoqosho. NgoJulayi 2010, isalathisi sokuvelisa isithambathiso sabangela ukuba iCleveland Federal Reserve iqikelele ukuba uqoqosho lwase-United States luyakhula kuphela i-1 ekhulwini ngaloo nyaka. Enyanisweni, uqoqosho lwalukhula ngamaphesenti ama-2.5, ngenxa yemilinganiselo ephantsi-nzala eyenza imfuno. I-curve yesivuno yayicwecwe ngenxa yesoyiko elivela kwi- crisis yeGrity .
I -curve isivinyiweyo esivunyiweyo xa i-short-term yields ephezulu kunezivuno zexesha elide. Yimeko engavumelekanga apho abatyali-mali bafuna isivuno esithe xaxa kwiimali ezifutshane zexesha elifutshane kunokuba zenzelwe amanqaku kunye neebhondi zexesha elide. Kutheni oku kwenzeka? Bakulindele ukuba uqoqosho lube lubi ngakumbi kunyaka ozayo okanye njalo kwaye ulungele ukuhamba ngexesha elide. Yingakho i-curve isivinini esivumelanisiweyo isoloko ibonisa ukunyuka kwemali . Enyanisweni, i-curve isivuno ishicilelwe phambi kokubili kwe-2000 kunye no-2008.