Ukukhangela izizathu zokuqhuma kwezomnotho zaseRashiya
Ukubeka iSiteji
Amanani asezantsi ase-US Federal Reserve anempembelelo ebonakalayo kwiimarike eziphumayo emva kweNkulumbuso enkulu. Njengoko abatyali-mali befuna izivuno eziphezulu, i-capital ephuma ngaphandle kwe-US kunye namazwe athuthukile kunye nakwiimimandla kunye neemarike ezikhulayo. Amashishini anqwenela ukusebenzisa ii-dynamics ngokukhawuleza aqokelele idoli yase-US enetyala-kuquka netyala leRashiya elinyuka ukusuka kuma-7.4 ekhulwini le-GDP ngo-2008 ukuya kuma-17 ekhulwini we-GDP ngo-2017.
Ngamazinga omdla ekukhuphukeni kwe-US, abatyali-mali baye baphinde banomdla kwiimarike zaseMelika kunye nenkunzi-mali yaqala ukukhupha kwiimarike ezikhulayo. I-capital flow outflow ibangele ukuphazamiseka kwezoqoqosho, okuye kwahlaziya iindleko ezininzi zeemarike ezikhulayo njenge-ruble. Ngokuqinisekileyo, ezi zintengiselwano ziye zenza nzima ukuba iinkampani zangaphandle zibuyise idola elihlawulwe ngamatyala, okuye kwandisa ukuphuculwa.
I-upshot kukuba ama-interest rates ase-US ayenyuka ngokuthe ngcembe kunokuba ezininzi iingcali zazizilindele emva kokulandela ukuhamba kwezinga lokuqala. Nangona umsebenzi wekhaya usuqinile, ukukhula kwamaholo kunye nexabiso labathengi liye lahlala lihleli. Ukungaphumeleli kokuphuculwa kwexabiso lokunyuka kwamaxabiso kunokufaka isantya kwisantya somyinge wezinga lomdla kwiindawo ezizayo, ezinokuthi zinike igumbi elinesiganeko kwiimarike ezikhulayo xa kuziwa ekuhlawuleleni amatyala.
Amanani ehlayo eoli
Uqoqosho lwaseRashiya luxhomekeka kakhulu kwioli engcolileyo kunye negesi yendalo , ngokukodwa xa kuthethwa iinqwelomba zikaRhulumente ezifana neGazprom. Phakathi ko-2014 kunye nangoko-2016, ixabiso leoli elingahlambulukanga liye lawa kwizinga eliphezulu leedola ezili-100 ngomgqomo ukuya kuma-dollar engama-30 ngomjikelo, unciphisa ubunzulu kwilizwe eliyinxalenye yemali engenayo. Abatyalomali baphendule ngokuthengisa amaxabiso eoli, ngelixa kukho iinkxalabo ezibanzi zolawulo lukaRhulumente lokusingqongileyo.
Ukuveliswa kwemveliso yeoli kunye negesi e-shale e-US ingagcina ingcinezelo kumaxabiso ngaphezulu kwexesha elide kwi-$ 75 ukuya kwii-80 kwi-barrel range. Ngeli xesha ekuqaleni iMiddle East igcina imveliso kwindawo ephakamileyo ukuzama nokukhuthaza imisebenzi ye-shale ukuvalwa, iinkokeli ze-OPEC ziye zaqala ukuhamba kwaye zixhomekeke ekutyeni kwemveliso ukunyusa amaxabiso. Ezi zintsikelelo zanceda amaxabiso angamafutha ahlaziyiweyo avela kwiindawo zabo ezinqumlayo ekuqaleni kuka-2016 ukuya kufutshane kwama-$ 50 ngo-2017.
I-upshot yaseRashiya kukuba loo maxabiso angamafutha angcolileyo ajongene noxinzelelo oluphezulu njengoko uqoqosho lwamazwe wonke luqhubeka lubonisa iimpawu zokubuyiselwa kwaye i-OPEC inzibophezele ukunamathela ekuveleni kwemveliso. Ngelixa amaxabiso ahlala phantsi ngaphantsi kweendawo eziphakamileyo zenziwe iminyaka embalwa edlulileyo, nazo ziphezulu ngaphezu kwe-lows yazo eyenziwe ekuqaleni kowe-2016 kwaye zibonakala zihambela phezulu kwi-2017.
Ulwaphulo lwezoQoqosho
Isinqumo saseRashiya sokuhlasela i-Ukraine phakathi nango-2014 siphumelele ucalulo lwezoqoqosho kwilizwe le-US kunye nabasebenzi balo. NgokweNdunankulu waseRashiya uDmitry Medvedev, izigwebo zaseNtshona zalibiza i-$ 26.7 yezigidigidi ngonyaka wama-2014 kwaye ezo ndleko ziye zanda ukuya kuma-dollar ayi-80 yezigidi ngo-2015. Ixabiso lezorhwebo langaphandle liye lalinganiselwa kuma-30 ekhulwini kwiinyanga ezimbini zokuqala zika-2015 kuphela, ukucebisa ukuba izinto zingase zibi ngakumbi ngaphambi kokuphucula.
I- International Monetary Fund (IMF) iqikelela ukuba izigwebo ezibhekiselele kwiRashiya - ezishiye endaweni ngoNovemba 2017 - zixabisa uqoqosho ukulungiswa kwexabiso lentengo e-1.5% ye-GDP. Nangona la manani angabonakala amancinci emgangathweni, ayabonakala ngexesha apho uqoqosho lukhuni ukuhlala ngaphandle kwemali.
Ulwaphulo lwezoqoqosho luye lwachaphazela ngqo ukuhlaziywa kwe-ruble, ekubeni iinkampani zaseRashiya ezikhusela ukukhutshwa kwetyala ziye zaphoqeleka ukuba zitshintshe i-ruble kwiidola zase-US okanye ezinye iirhafu ukuhlangabezana neembopheleleko zabo zokuhlawula umrhumo kwixesha elikhoyo. Abantu abaninzi baseRashiya baye bazama ukuthenga iimpahla eziqinileyo ukwenzela ukunciphisa ukubonakala kwabo emngciphekweni wemali-into enzima ukuyenza kunye nezohlwayo zoqoqosho.